Notes Coal and Petroleum

DPS MODERN INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA,
CLASS VIII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

Coal and Petroleum
Prepared by: Ms. Niya Jacob
Q1 What are natural resources? How are they classified?
An The sources which are obtained from nature are called natural
s. resources.
Types of natural resources
Inexhaustible natural resources – are also called renewable

resource. These resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature
and do not get exhausted by human activities.
Examples: Sunlight, air, etc.
Exhaustible natural resources – are also called non-renewable

resource. These resources are present in limited quantity in nature
and can be exhausted by human activities.
Examples: Forests, coal, petroleum, minerals, wild life, natural gas
etc
Q2. Why coal and petroleum are called fossil fuels?

An Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead plants and animals
s. that were buried under the earth millions of years ago decomposed
under extreme heat and pressure to form fossil fuels.
Q3. Explain the process of formation of coal.

An Around 300 million years ago, most of the earth was covered by
s. dense swampy forest. Over time, many dead plants got covered with
mud and formed peat. The Peat got compressed between layers of
sediments and formed lignite. Further compression formed
bituminous coal. Eventually anthracite formed.
Q4. Define
An a) Carbonisation- The slow process of the conversion of dead
s. vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.
b) Global warming- The slow increase in the Earth’s temperature
due to the increase in percentage of certain gases in its atmosphere.
c) Greenhouse effect- The trapping of the Sun’s heat in the
atmosphere due to the presence of gases such as carbon dioxide.
Q5. Explain the four main types of coal.
An
s
Q6.
An
s
Explain the process of destructive distillation of coal with the help of
a neat labelled diagram. Write the principle of destructive
distillation.
The process in which coal is heated to 1000 degree Celsius in the
absence of air to obtain components such as coke, coal tar, coal gas
and ammonical liquor.
Principle- Destructive distillation is the process of heating a
complex substance in a limited supply of air so that it breaks down
to form simpler substances.
Coke-
It is a solid black substance that is left behind as a residue when coal
is subjected to destructive distillation.
It is almost pure form of carbon, containing 90% carbon.
Coal Tar-
It is a thick, black liquid with an unpleasant smell. It can be used in
the manufacture of drugs, dyes, explosives etc.
Coal gas-
It is a mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and other
gases.
Q7. It is used as a fuel in industries and for lighting purposes.
An Ammonical Liquor- Ammonia produced in the process is dissolved
s. in water to form ammonium hydroxide solution called as
ammonical liquor.
What is coal? Write any 3 uses of coal.

Coal is a black or brownish- black rock-like substance made up of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and varying amounts of
Sulphur.
Q8. Uses of coal are:
a) Used for producing electricity in thermal power plants
An b) Used as domestic fuel. (room heating, cooking)
s. c) Coal tar is used in the manufacture of explosives, naphthalene
balls, perfumes, plastics, paints etc.
What is crude oil or petroleum? Why petroleum is called black gold?

Crude oil is a dark-coloured liquid with an unpleasant smell. It is a
Q9. mixture of various hydrocarbons such as natural gas, gasoline,
An kerosene, asphalt and fuel oil.
s. Petroleum is called black gold because the economy of a nation
depends to a great extent on its petroleum wealth, it is expensive
and also dark coloured liquid.
What is refining of petroleum? What are the various fractions of

petroleum?
The process of separating crude oil into useful components is known
as refining of petroleum and the various components are called its
fractions.
The various fractions of petroleum are:
Q1
0.
An
s.
Q1
1.
What is fractional distillation? Write the principle of fractional
An distillation.
s. The process of refining of petroleum is carried out in refineries is
called fractional distillation.
Principle- Fractional distillation separates a mixture into its
constituents based on their different boiling points. The liquids
Q1 having higher boiling point liquefy at higher temperature, at the
2. lower level of the column. The liquid having lower boiling points
An liquefy at lower temperature, towards the top of the column.
s.
What is natural gas? Why natural gas is mixed with a chemical that
gives a strong odour similar to that of rotten eggs before
distribution?
Q1 Natural gas is a fossil fuel found under the crust of the earth above
3. the layers of petroleum. It mainly consists of methane(CH4)
An
s. It is mixed with a chemical to detect leakages in pipelines and
storage tanks.
Write any 3 uses of natural gas.

a) It is used as a fuel in homes for cooking and heating purposes.
Q1 b) It is used in factories and power plants to generate electricity.
4. c) Compressed natural gas (CNG) is an alternative to petrol that is
produced by compressing natural gas. It is used to run vehicles
An
nowadays.
s.
What are petrochemicals? How are they useful to us?
Petrochemicals are the chemicals derived from petroleum and
natural gas. It is used to create most of the everyday items we use.
The raw material required for the manufacture of synthetic fibres,
explosives, dyes, plastics etc are provided by petrochemicals.
Q1
5. What is conservation of energy? What are the different ways in
An which we can conserve fossil fuels?
s. The careful and judicious use of energy resource is called
conservation of energy.
The different ways are:
a) Be energy efficient
b) Use renewable source of energy
c) Reduce the use of plastics
d) Opt for active travel options.
The use of fossil fuels is harmful to the environment. Explain.

Q1 The burning of fossil fuels releases various gases such as Sulphur
6. dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide into
An the atmosphere.
s.
The carbon dioxide gas which is released into the atmosphere traps
solar radiations and causes greenhouse effect. This results in the rise
in Earth’s temperature causing global warming. Global warming can
Q1
lead to melting of polar ice caps, causing ocean levels to rise and
7.
submerging of low lying areas.
Is CNG a safe fuel to use? Give reason for your answer.

Yes, CNG is a safe fuel as it does not cause any pollution after
burning. CNG emits fewer pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen
oxides, Sulphur oxides and particulate matter as compared to petrol
and diesel.
Planting of trees helps in checking global warming. How?

Planting trees helps in keeping global warming as trees reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide under control by absorbing it and giving
out oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and trees can keep
its amount under control.

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DPS MODERN INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA,

CLASS VIII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

Inexhaustible natural resources – are also called renewable

Exhaustible natural resources – are also called non-renewable

Q2. Why coal and petroleum are called fossil fuels?

Q3. Explain the process of formation of coal.

Q5. Explain the four main types of coal.

What is coal? Write any 3 uses of coal.

What is crude oil or petroleum? Why petroleum is called black gold?

What is refining of petroleum? What are the various fractions of

Write any 3 uses of natural gas.

The use of fossil fuels is harmful to the environment. Explain.

Is CNG a safe fuel to use? Give reason for your answer.

Planting of trees helps in checking global warming. How?

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