Bridge Design Manual - 2002 Appendix SB

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Slab Bridge Design
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SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN OF SLAB BRIDGE

10M Clear SPAN & 30M CLEAR BRIDGE WIDTH
DESIGN METHOD:- LRFD
Project: Package 17 Orma Garage
Name of River: Km 2+390
Span : 10.00 m , Slab Bridge
Consultant: United consulting Engineers
Designed by : Asnake Beshah ( Str. Engineer)
Checked by : Hailu shume (Bridge Engineer)
Case: Statical calculation

Assumptions
- Main reinforcements are placed parellel to center line of roadway.
- The bottom of the slab is assumed level.
- Center to center of support is assumed perpendicular to supports, not neccesarily
parallel to centerline of roadway.
- The additional amount of concrete thickness for crossfall is not considered for
the flexural design, but the weight is included as dead load.

Dimensions

Clear span Lc= 10.00 m

No. of bays = 1
No. of piers= 0
Curb/Edge beam width (top) = 0.35 m
Curb/Edge beam width (bottom) = 0.35 m
Additional Curb/Edge beam depth = 0.35 m
Width of abutment = 0.40 m
Center to center of abutment perpendicular to Support S = L = 10.40 m
Total length of superstructure = 10.80 m
Clear width of superstructure = 30.00 m
Total width of superstructure = 30.00 m
No of lane = 3
Cross fall = 2 %
Railing depth = steel pipe
Railing width = 0.20 m
Post depth = 0.20 m
Post width = 0.20 m
Post height = 0.90 m
Average post spacing = 1.50 m
Skewness angle = 16.00 Deg.

Loading type: Notional load, Design Tandem

Material Properties
Type of concrete: Grade 20
fc'= 20.00 Mpa
gc = 25.00 KN/m3
Type of steel :
For bar with size greater than f20, For bar with size less than or equal to f20,
Grade-60 Grade-40
fyk = 400.00 MPa fyk = 300.00 MPa

Es = ### Mpa
Ec = 21525.28 Mpa

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Others
fmoment = 0.90
fshear = 0.90
b= 0.85
s of rupture =fr =0.63sqrt(fc') = 2.82 MPa

z in Eq. 9.15 = ### KPa

Steel ratio
For rebar f > 20 mm
rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy*(599.843/(599.843+fy)) = 0.0217 0.0214

For rebar f <= 20 mm

rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy*(599.843/(599.843+fy)) = 0.0321 0.0371

Load Factors

Dead load limit state factor = 1.25

Live load limit state factor = 1.75

Dead load service state factor = 1.00

Live load service state factor = 1.00

Fatique Live load factor = 0.75

I. Dead load moments:

Assume Dslab= 0.50 m

Dead load:
W_slab= 12.50 KN/m2
Weight of wearing surface ws= 1.10 "
=======
Total DL= 13.60 KN/m2

* Point of maximum live load moment = (s/2-.711)/s = 0.432

Dead load moments at different points

a x [m] VA [KN/m]Mo[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 70.72 0.00
0.05 0.52 63.65 34.94
0.10 1.04 56.58 66.19
0.15 1.56 49.50 93.77
0.20 2.08 42.43 117.68
0.25 2.60 35.36 137.90
0.30 3.12 28.29 154.45
0.35 3.64 21.22 167.32
0.40 4.16 14.14 176.52
0.432 4.49 9.67 180.43
0.45 4.68 7.07 182.03
0.471 4.90 4.10 183.25
0.50 5.20 0.00 183.87

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II. Live load moments:

Distribution of live load laterally: (see section 12-8 Eq. 12.40)

The equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with one lane, I.e.,
two lines of wheels, loaded may be determined as:

E1 = 250+0.42sqrt(L1W1) L1 = 10400.0 mm
= 4614.76 mm/lane load W1 = 10000.0 mm
The equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with more than one
lane loaded may be determined as:

E2 = 2100+0.12sqrt(L1W1)<=W/NL(3333mm) L1 = 10400.0 mm
= 3323.76 mm/lane load W1 = 10000.0 mm
3333.33

E= 3.32 m

Impact factor I = 1+IM/100 here IM = 33 % (for Servicibility limit state design)

= 1.33

a) HS20-44

wheel load W= 72.500 KN

Live load/m = LL/m = W/E = 21.81 KN/m
Total LL/m+I = 2P = 58.02 KN/m ( For two line of wheel or lane loading)

b) Design Tandem/Military Loading

wheel load W= 55.000 KN

Live load/m = LL/m = W/E = 20.40 KN/m
Total LL/m+I = 2P = 54.26 KN/m ( For two line of wheel or lane loading)

c) Lane load

load = 9.30 KN/m on three meter width lane

load per meter width= 3.10 KN/m

3.0 m
9.3 KNm

10.40

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Case -1 Moment and shear at rear wheel position ( truck moving to the right )

a) HS20-44 Loading
4.267 4.267 8.53

p P
x =a*s P/4

o
A B
X1

X2
X3

s= 10.40

a x x1 x2 x3 VA VA [KN] Mo Mo [KNm]
0.00 0.00 1.87 6.13 10.40 1.635 94.85 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.52 1.35 5.61 9.88 1.522 88.32 0.79 45.93
0.10 1.04 0.83 5.09 9.36 1.410 81.79 1.47 85.06
0.15 1.56 0.31 4.57 8.84 1.297 75.26 2.02 117.41
0.20 2.08 0.00 4.05 8.32 1.190 69.03 2.47 143.58
0.25 2.60 0.00 3.53 7.80 1.090 63.23 2.83 164.39
0.30 3.12 0.00 3.01 7.28 0.990 57.42 3.09 179.16
0.35 3.64 0.00 2.49 6.76 0.890 51.62 3.24 187.91
0.40 4.16 0.00 1.97 6.24 0.790 45.82 3.29 190.61
0.432 4.49 0.00 1.64 5.91 0.726 42.11 3.26 189.18
0.45 4.68 0.00 1.45 5.72 0.690 40.02 3.23 187.28
0.471 4.90 0.00 1.23 5.50 0.648 37.58 3.17 184.09
0.50 5.20 0.00 0.93 5.20 0.59 34.22 3.07 177.92

Case -2 Moment and shear at middle wheel position ( truck moving to the left )

4.267 4.267

p/4 P p

x =a*s
X1

X2
X3

s= 10.40

a x x1 x2 x3 VA VA [KN] Mo Mo [KNm]

0.30 3.12 3.01 7.28 0.00 0.990 57.42 3.088 179.16

0.35 3.64 2.49 6.76 0.00 0.890 51.62 3.239 187.91

0.40 4.16 1.97 6.24 0.00 0.790 45.82 3.285 190.61

0.432* 4.49 1.64 5.91 10.18 0.721 41.84 3.293 191.04

0.45 4.68 1.45 5.72 9.99 0.680 39.44 3.285 190.58

0.471 4.90 1.23 5.50 9.77 0.633 36.70 3.256 188.93

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0.50 5.20 0.93 5.20 9.47 0.57 32.91 3.183 184.69

* --- Indicates point of maximum live load moment for spans which can fully contain the truck length.

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b) Design Tandem/Military Loading

1.219

p p
x =a*s

X1
X2

s= 10.40

a x x1 x2 VA VA [KN] Mo Mo [KNm]
0.00 0.00 9.18 10.40 1.883 102.17 0.000 0.00
0.05 0.52 8.66 9.88 1.783 96.74 0.927 50.30
0.10 1.04 8.14 9.36 1.683 91.31 1.750 94.97
0.15 1.56 7.62 8.84 1.583 85.89 2.469 133.98
0.20 2.08 7.10 8.32 1.483 80.46 3.084 167.36
0.25 2.60 6.58 7.80 1.383 75.03 3.595 195.09
0.30 3.12 6.06 7.28 1.283 69.61 4.002 217.18
0.35 3.64 5.54 6.76 1.183 64.18 4.305 233.62
0.40 4.16 5.02 6.24 1.083 58.76 4.504 244.42
0.432 4.49 4.69 5.91 1.019 55.28 4.577 248.37
0.45 4.68 4.50 5.72 0.983 53.33 4.599 249.58
0.471 4.90 4.28 5.50 0.941 51.05 4.608 250.06
0.50 5.20 3.98 5.20 0.883 47.90 4.591 249.10

c) Lane load

Lane load moments at different points

a x [m] VA [KN/m]
Mo[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 16.12 0.00
0.05 0.52 14.51 7.96
0.10 1.04 12.90 15.09
0.15 1.56 11.28 21.38
0.20 2.08 9.67 26.82
0.25 2.60 8.06 31.43
0.30 3.12 6.45 35.21
0.35 3.64 4.84 38.14
0.40 4.16 3.22 40.24
0.432 4.49 2.20 41.13
0.45 4.68 1.61 41.49
0.471 4.90 0.93 41.77
0.50 5.20 0.00 41.91

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Summary of maximum live load shear and moments at different points

VA [KN] Mo
[KNm] VA [KN]
[KNm]
(HS20-
x (HS20- VA Mo
a 44) (Tandem)
[m] 44) (Tandem) [KN/m] [KNm/m]
+ +
+ +
Lane
Lane Lane
0.00 0.00 110.97 0.00 118.29 0.00 118.29 0.00
0.05 0.52 102.83 53.89 111.25 7.96 111.25 53.89
0.10 1.04 94.69 100.15 104.21 15.09 104.21 100.15
0.15 1.56 86.55 138.79 97.17 21.38 97.17 138.79
0.20 2.08 78.70 170.40 90.13 26.82 90.13 170.40
0.25 2.60 71.29 195.82 83.09 31.43 83.09 195.82
0.30 3.12 63.87 214.37 76.06 35.21 76.06 214.37
0.35 3.64 56.46 226.05 69.02 38.14 69.02 226.05
0.40 4.16 49.04 230.85 61.98 40.24 61.98 230.85
0.432 4.49 44.31 232.17 57.49 41.13 57.49 232.17
0.45 4.68 41.63 232.07 54.94 41.49 54.94 232.07
0.47 4.90 38.52 230.70 51.99 41.77 51.99 230.70
0.50 5.20 34.22 226.60 47.90 41.91 47.90 226.60

Summary of total dead and live load moments at Service load

Ms =MDL+MLL and Vs =VDL+VLL

a x Vs [KN/m]
Ms[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 189.01 0.00
0.05 0.32 174.90 88.82
0.10 0.64 160.79 166.34
0.15 0.96 146.68 232.56
0.20 1.28 132.56 288.08
0.25 1.60 118.45 333.73
0.30 1.92 104.34 368.82
0.35 2.24 90.23 393.37
0.40 2.56 76.12 407.37
0.432 2.49 67.16 412.60
0.45 2.88 62.01 414.11
0.471 2.88 56.09 413.96
0.50 3.20 47.90 410.47

Summary of factored dead and live load moments

Mu =1.25MDL+1.75MLL and Vu =1.25VDL+1.75VLL

a x Vu [KN/m]
Mu[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 295.40 0.00
0.05 0.32 274.24 137.97
0.10 0.64 253.09 258.01
0.15 0.96 231.93 360.09
0.20 1.28 210.77 445.30
0.25 1.60 189.62 515.07
0.30 1.92 168.46 568.21
0.35 2.24 147.30 604.73
0.40 2.56 126.14 624.63
0.432 2.490 112.69 631.84
0.45 2.88 104.99 633.67
0.471 2.88 96.10 632.80
0.50 3.20 83.83 626.39

DESIGN TANDEM HAS GOVERNED FOR SHEAR!!

DESIGN TRUCK HAS GOVERNED FOR MOMENT!!

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Design for flexure

a) Main reinforcement parallel to traffic

The cracking moment given by Eq.12.39 as follows:

Ig =bh3/12 = 3.3E+10 mm4
Mcr =frIg/yt = 220.98 KNm/m yt= 425.00 mm
fr = 2.817 MPa
and the maximum factored live load plus dead load moment is;
Mu = 633.67 KNm/m

reqd =sqrt(Mu/(frmaxbfy(1-.6rmaxfy/fc')) = 107.18 mm

Reinforcement
Therefore, a moment satisfying the provisions of section 3.3 and Art 7.2 Minimum combination is taken for design

Mu = 633.67 KNm/m
Dprov. = 500 mm
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2) beff = 1000 mm
= 4624.91 mm2 fy = 400 MPa
fc' = 20 MPa
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b) f= 0.9
= 108.82 mm dia. bar = 30 mm
108.82 cover = 50 mm
dprov = 435 mm
b1 = 0.85

use F 30 S1 c/c 150 mm

As prov. = 4712 mm2 Smax = 540 mm r min= 0.0015

r max = 0.75rb =0.75(0.85b1fc'/fy*(599.843/(599.843+fy)))= 0.0163

r prov = As/bd = 0.0108 OK!

Checking Distribution of Flexural Reinforcements

To control flexural cracking of the concrete, tension reinforcement shall be well distributed within the maximum
flexural zones. To prevent this kind of cracking, the calculated stress in the reinforcement at service load ,fs, in
MPa shall not exceed the value computed by ,

fs = Z/(dcA)1/3 <=0.6fy ----------- Eq(9.14)

Where :Z = crack width parameter in N/mm

For modernate climate, Z= 30000 N/mm
dc = depth of concrete measured from extreme tension fiber to center of
bar ; for calculation purpose, the thickness of clear cover used to
compute dc shall not be taken greater than 50mm.
= 50.0 mm
A = area of concrete having the same centroid as the principal tension
renforcement and bounded by the surfaces of the cross-section
and a straigth line parallel to the neutral axis, divided by the
number of bar.
= 14000 mm
Therefore,
fs = 240.0 Mpa

From the above calculation ---- jd = 405.0 mm

The stress at service stress is calculated as follows:

The moment at service load is
Ms = 449.54 kNm/m
The reinforcement required to control the width of crack is given as follows:

use f 30 c/c 150 mm ===> As prov. = 4712.39 mm2/m

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fs =M/(Asjd) = 235.5 Mpa OK !

r max. = 0.75rb = 0.0163

r prov. = As/bd = 0.0108

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b) Distribution steel for main reinforcment parallel to traffic

To take into account for load distribution normal to traffic use distribution steel,
S= 10400.00 mm
Percentage =1750/sqrt( 17.16 % <= 50%
As dist = 793.64 mm2/m dia of dist. bar = 16 mm
Provide f 16 c/c 250 mm

Check for Shear

Vmax = 295.40 KN/m b= 2.00
Allowable shear stress is given by : vc = 0.083*b*sqrt(fc')
= 0.74 Mpa

Therefore the reqd. depth for shear is given by;

dreqd =Vmax/vc*b = 397.91 mm
Dreqd =dreqd + f/2 cover = 447.91 mm OK !

Design of edge beam

The amount of additional reinforcement required at the edge beam is given by,

According to Art. 7.4 Slabs/Edge Support Dprov. = 500.00 mm

live load moment = 124.00 KNm beff = 1000.00 mm
Total moment Mu = 312.10 KNm fy = 400.00 MPa
fc' = 20.00 MPa
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2) f= 0.90
= 2095.69 mm2 fbar = 24.00 mm
cover = 50.00 mm
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b) dprov = 435.00 mm
= 42.64 mm
42.64

use 6 f 24

Extension length required at bar cutoff

Extension length reqd beyond the point at which it is no longer required is given by ;

ext reqd = max( 15*dia of bar,deff,1/20 of clear span length )

= 520.00 mm

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Moment & Shear force Diagram

700.00

600.00 f(x) = − 79.0185726058096 x² + 447.100742456246 x + 2.26036625074127

500.00
Mu[KNm/m]
Mu [KNm],Vu [KN]

400.00

Polynomial
300.00 (Mu[KNm/m])

200.00

100.00

0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
x [m]

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10.0m SLAB BRIDGE and 30.0m Clear RDWY Width

REINFORCING BAR SCHEDULE

LENGT TOTAL TOTAL
SIZE
BAR NUMBER H LENGTH WEIGHT SHAPE
[mm]
[m] [m] [Kg]
S 30 51 11.50 586.50 3255
S1 30 51 9.80 499.80 2774
S2 16 44 16.00 704.00 1111
S3 12 75 6.70 502.50 446
S4 12 55 5.81 319.55 284

ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
ITEM No DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY
406(1) GRADE 20 CONCRETE m3 115.8 ( Level bottom surface )
407(1) REINFORCEMENT STEEL Kg 7870
- R.C. BRIDGE RAILING m 21.60

BAR TYPE & SPACING

For bar S Provide f 30 c/c 0.30 m
For bar S1 Provide f 30 c/c 0.30 m
For bar S2 Provide f 16 c/c 0.25 m
For bar S3 Provide f 12 c/c 0.20 m
For bar S4 Provide f 12 c/c 0.20 m

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