FACULTY OF APLLIED SCIENCE

AS245 APPLIED CHEMISTRY

LABORATORY REPORT
CHM421 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER 01 SESSION 2022/2023

ID NUMBER 2022800758

NAME MOHAMAD HUSNUL HAKIM BIN MOHD HARIS FADZILAH

GROUP AS2451M3

LECTURER DR. MOHD AZRI BIN AB RANI

TITLE EXPERIMENT 1: CALIBRATION OF A VOLUMETRIC FLASK

DATE 20TH OF OCTOBER 2022

ABSTRACT

This experiment was organized to achieved the two objectives of this experiment which are to
calibrate a used volumetric flask and to determine the new calibration mark of the volumetric flask.

I started the experiment by equilibrating 200 mL distilled water in a clean beaker for 15
minutes at room temperature. Then, I cleaned and dried a 100 mL volumetric flask and stuck about 2
cm water activated tape onto the 100 mL mark of the flask with the mark be at the centre of the tape.
Next, I weighed the volumetric flask accurately using the electronic balance. The weight that I got is
63.4009 g.

I measured the temperature of the room and the equilibrated water using a thermometer after
15 minutes. As I confirmed the two temperatures have been agreed, I continued with the next step which
was to fill the flask with the equilibrated distilled water up to the mark. Then, I weighed the volumetric
flask again accurately. The obtained weight was 159.6361 g. I calculated the volume of water in the
flask by converting the weight of water in the flask and the data provided in the given table which was
1.0043 g/mL. The value that I obtained was 96.6490 mL which was also the actual volume of the water
at the temperature of the lab room.

The obtained volume was below the standard volume, 100 mL. Because of that, I made a new
mark on the tape above the present mark for about 5 mm. Next, I filled the volumetric flask again with
distilled water using a dropper until the new mark and weighed it once again. I calculated the new
volume using the new weight and I got the volume at 97.2833 mL. After several calculations, the new
calibration mark for the volumetric flask was determined. It was 6.1679 mm above the present mark.

In conclusion, the two objectives stated have been reached throughout the whole
experiment.
OBJECTIVE

- To calibrate a used volumetric flask.

- To determine the new calibration mark of the volumetric flask.

INTRODUCTION

Reading error or tolerance for a 100 mL volumetric flask is ± 0.1 mL. Any 100 mL volumetric flasks
with volume exceeding this tolerance needs to be calibrated. Calibration is an important process because
it ensures apparatus to contain or deliver good, accurate volume. In this experiment, you will learn how
to calibrate a volumetric flask in the laboratory. The same procedure can be applied to other volumetric
glasswares such as pipette and burette.

Volumetric glassware is calibrated by measuring the mass of a liquid (usually mL water) of

known density and temperature that is contained in (delivered by) the volumetric glassware. The weight
obtained must be corrected for buoyancy since the density of water is quite different from that of the
standard weights of the analytical balance.

The calculations for the calibration are quite involved. First, the weighing data are corrected for
buoyancy. Next, this data is converted to the volume of the apparatus as the temperature of the
calibration (T) by dividing the density of the liquid at that temperature. Finally, this volume is corrected
to the standard temperature of 20℃.

Use the table provided in your calculation for calibration. This table has already incorporated
the buoyancy error for stainless steel or brass weights (the density difference between the two is very
small that they can be neglected) and for the volume change of water and of glass containers. Choose
the factor at the appropriate temperature and multiply it with the mass of water at temperature T to
convert it to the corresponding volume at that temperature or the volume at 20℃.
METHOD

1. 200 mL distilled water was equilibrated by pouring it into a clean beaker and let it stood at
room temperature for 15 minutes.

2. 100 mL volumetric flask was cleaned and dried. Approximately 2 cm water-activated tape was
pasted onto the 100 mL mark of the flask, letting the mark of the flask be at the centre of the
tape. The weight of the volumetric flask was determined accurately.

3. The temperature of the room and the equilibrated water was measured using thermometer after
15 minutes. I proceeded to the next step after the two temperatures have been agreed.

4. The flask was filled with the equilibrated distilled water up to the mark. I used a dropper toward
the end. The flask was weighed again accurately.

5. The weight of water in the flask was converted into volume using the data provided in the table
below. This was the actual volume of the volumetric flask at the temperature of the lab room.

6. If the volume in 5 was less than the standard volume i.e. 100 mL, a new mark was made on the
tape, 5 mm above the present mark of the volumetric flask, so that adjustment can be done later.
Conversely, if the volume was more than the standard volume, a new mark was made on the
tape, 5 mm below the present mark of the volumetric flask.

7. Water was added or reduced to the new mark which has just been made. The flask was weighed
again and the new volume was calculated.

8. The exact distance for the new mark was determined to be so that the volume of the flask was
accurate using the ratio the volume and distance.

Table 1: The Volume for 1.00 g of Water at Various Temperatures

Temperature ℃ Volume 1.00 g water, Temperature ℃ Volume 1.00 g water,

mL mL

20 1.0028 27 1.0043
21 1.0030 28 1.0046
22 1.0032 29 1.0048
23 1.0034 30 1.0051
24 1.0036 31 1.0051
25 1.0038 32 1.0067
26 1.0041 33 1.0060
JOTTER
DATA, RESULTS AND CALCULATION
DISCUSSION

The purpose of this experiment is to calibrate any 100 mL volumetric flasks that are presented in the
laboratory to ensure that the apparatuses can contain or deliver good, accurate volume. The calibration
was done by measuring the mass of water contained in or delivered by the volumetric flasks. As I had
explained in the introduction, I used the table provided in my calculation for calibration. This table has
already incorporated the buoyancy error for stainless steel or brass weights (the density difference
between the two is very small that they can be neglected) and for the volume change of water and of
glass containers. I choose the factor at the 27 ℃ which was 1.0043 g/mL and multiply it with the mass
of water at 27 ℃, 96.2352 g to convert it to the corresponding volume at that temperature. The volume
that I got was 96.6490 mL, which was below the standard volume, 100 mL. Because of that, I made a
new mark on the tape above the present mark for about 5 mm. Next, I filled the volumetric flask again
with distilled water using a dropper until the new mark and weighed it once again. I calculated the new
volume using the new weight and I got the volume at 97.2833 mL. After several calculations, the new
calibration mark for the volumetric flask was determined. It was 6.1679 mm above the present mark.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the two objectives stated have been reached throughout the whole
experiment. I managed to calibrate a used volumetric flask at 27℃ for both the temperature of the room
and the equilibrated liquid (water) and the new calibration mark for the volumetric flask was determined
as it was 6.1679 mm above the present mark.

QUESTION

1. Explain why do the volumetric flask need to be clean and dry before filling it with equilibrated
distilled water and weigh it.
- The volumetric flask needs to be clean and dry before using it to avoid any other undesired
substances presents during the weighing process which will affect the mass of the water that
will be obtained. If the mass of the water not accurate, the volume of the water will also be
affected. Then, the actual volume of water and the exact distance for the new mark will be
wrong.

REFERENCES

1. The Importance of Volumetric Glassware Calibration, May 28, 2021, National

Weighing
https://nwiweighing.com.au/the-importance-of-volumetric-glassware-calibration/