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Design and Construction of 1KW (1000VA) Power Inverter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
Design and Construction of 1KW (1000VA) Power Inverter
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to design and construct a 1000 Watts (1KW) 220 Volts Inverter at a
frequency of 50Hz. This device is constructed with locally sourced components and materials of
regulated standards. The basic principle of its operation is a simple conversion of 12V DC from a battery
using integrated circuits and semiconductors at a frequency of 50Hz, to a 220V AC across the windings
of a transformer. An additional power supply to the public power supply with the same power output is
thus provided at an affordable price.
Introduction
In this modern society, electricity has great control over the most daily activities for instance in domestic
and industrial utilization of electric power for operations. Electricity can be generated from public supply
to consumers in different ways including the use of water, wind or steam energy to drive the turbine as
well as more recently the use of gas. Generators, solar energy and nuclear energy are also sources of
electricity [1].
In Nigeria, there is inconsistency supply of electricity by the power supplying company to the consumers.
Hence the use of additional electric power source such as electric power generators and most recently the
use of semiconductor power devices such as the Bipolar Transistor, Thyristors and particularly MOSFET
to generate electric power in conjunction with a DC battery in few kilowatts. An Inverter offers a better
additional power source to Generators as well as UPS considering its long duration, cost effectiveness and
maintainability.
The Electronic Power Generator and the Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
The electronic power generator can be simply described as an engine which burns fuel to generate
electricity at a desired frequency in alternating current (AC) form [4]. The limitation of using generator as
alternative or additional source of electricity includes:
Noisy: Most of the power generators are noisy during its operation, which causes disturbances to the
neighborhood.
Environmental threat: The smoke and the black oil from the generator pose threats to the environment as
air and soil or water pollutants.
Bulky: Most generators are big and planted. Therefore, generation of power at remote places is not too easy.
Expensive: Cost of maintenance is high compared to an Inverter. This makes it quite unaffordable by
people with low income.
UPS on the other hand only serves as a back up and does not retain or provide power for a longer duration.
Inverter
An inverter is used to provide uninterrupted 220V AC supply to the load connected to its output socket. It
provides constant AC supply at its output socket, even when the AC mains supply is not available [4].
It is a combination of inverter circuit, charger circuit and a battery. The charger circuit keeps the battery
charged when the mains supply is available and when the mains AC fails, the inverter circuit takes the
DC power stored in the battery and converts it into 220V/50Hz AC supply, which can be used to power
any common electronic equipment or computer systems. It performs the reverse role of a rectifier where
the AC power is converted into DC power and functions by chopping DC voltage through various means.
Most of the electrical equipment works with the 220V AC supply but internally, their circuit works on the
DC supply. Hence the external AC supply is converted into DC supply by the power supply unit on these
equipment. Any device that works on DC supply can be used during the mains power breakdown by
connecting them to batteries. But batteries have a fixed life and running power consuming equipment
using the battery could be very expensive [9]. Hence, rechargeable batteries can be used in this type of
situation to reduce the cost. An inverter is used to power a device that does not have the facility to
connect to a DC power source or device that requires an AC power source for its operation.
The use of semiconductor power devices such as bipolar transistors, thyristors for voltage amplification,
particularly the MOSFET as the power switches, makes the inverter a better additional power supply. The
inverter is less noisy, provides complete automatic switchover function, possesses no environmental
threats, is less bulky and less expensive to maintain.
Components used in the design
For this project to be complete, there is a need to know the components used in the design. In electronics,
the power system is designed in such a way that the equipment always has power so that it can function
effectively. These components include:
Integrated Circuit(IC) SG 3524 PWM

IC NE 555 Timer
IC LM 393 (LM 324) Comparator
Transistor
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
Transformer
Relay Switch
Rectifier
Capacitor
Diode, Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
Resistor
Breakers
Opto•Isolator
Operational Amplifier
Calculation analysis
This section deals with the actual calculation used to obtain parameters for the design. All components
used in the construction were sourced locally and adequate adjustments were made on all available
substitute components in order to achieve the best result of the device under construction.
Determination of the Oscillating Frequency
By supplying a constant 12Volt DC through a voltage regulator to the IC SG 3524 PWM, the frequency
of the oscillating signal was determined using a 10KΩ variable resistor connected in series with another
56KΩ resistor and both connected in parallel with 0.22µF to form the RC time constant network.
Frequency, f = 1 1.1 C RT F where Time Capacitor (CT) = 0.22µF Fixed Resistor (RF) = 56KΩ Variable
Resistor (VR) = 10KΩ Time Resistor (RT)=56KΩ+10KΩ = 66KΩ Therefore, f = 6 3 1 1.1 0.22 10 66 10
f = 62.6Hz It should be noted that the variable resistor was varied until the frequency of the signal was
50Hz.

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Design and Construction of 1KW (1000VA) Power Inverter

Components used in the design

Integrated Circuit(IC) SG 3524 PWM

Determination of the Oscillating Frequency

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