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    Lect 22

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    Girish Roy
    1. Inductance is defined as the ratio of the induced voltage to the rate of change of current causing it. It represents the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. 2. Lenz's law states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it. This induced back emf opposes any change in current. 3. Energy is required to establish a current in a circuit due to the back emf from inductance. This energy is stored in the magnetic field and can be recovered when the current changes. The work done to build the current up to a value I is equal to 1/2

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    Lect 22

    Uploaded by

    Girish Roy
    27 views7 pages
    1. Inductance is defined as the ratio of the induced voltage to the rate of change of current causing it. It represents the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. 2. Lenz's law states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it. This induced back emf opposes any change in current. 3. Energy is required to establish a current in a circuit due to the back emf from inductance. This energy is stored in the magnetic field and can be recovered when the current changes. The work done to build the current up to a value I is equal to 1/2

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    lect 22

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    1. Inductance is defined as the ratio of the induced voltage to the rate of change of current causing it. It represents the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. 2. Lenz's law states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it. This induced back emf opposes any change in current. 3. Energy is required to establish a current in a circuit due to the back emf from inductance. This energy is stored in the magnetic field and can be recovered when the current changes. The work done to build the current up to a value I is equal to 1/2

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views7 pages

    Lect 22

    Uploaded by

    Girish Roy
    1. Inductance is defined as the ratio of the induced voltage to the rate of change of current causing it. It represents the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. 2. Lenz's law states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it. This induced back emf opposes any change in current. 3. Energy is required to establish a current in a circuit due to the back emf from inductance. This energy is stored in the magnetic field and can be recovered when the current changes. The work done to build the current up to a value I is equal to 1/2

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    2-8-2021

    10.30-11.30 AM

    Electrodynamics
    by
    Rajendra Singh
    rsingh1_2@yahoo.com
    ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

    In Faraday's first experiment it's the Lorentz force law at work; the emf is magnetic. But in the other two it's an
    electric field (induced by the changing magnetic field) that does the job. However, all three processes yield the
    same formula for the emf.
    Inductance
    Inductance is defined as the ratio of the induced voltage to the rate of change of current causing it.
    Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it.
    Suppose you have two loops of wire, at rest (Fig.).
    If a steady current I1 is run around loop 1, it produces a
    magnetic field B1. Some of the field lines pass through loop
    2; let φ2 be the flux of B1 through 2. As per Biot-Savart law,

    The flux through loop 2 is

    The mutual inductance can also be obtained by expressing the flux in terms of the vector potential and invoking Stokes' theorem:

    But,
    therefore,

    So This is the Neumann formula.


    Suppose now that you vary the current in loop 1. The flux through loop 2 will vary accordingly, and Faraday's law says this
    changing flux will induce an emf in loop 2:

    Every time you change the current in loop 1, an induced current flows
    in loop 2-even though there are no wires connecting them!
    A changing current not only induces an emf in any nearby loops, it also induces an emf
    in the source loop itself (Fig ). Once again, the field (and therefore
    also the flux) is proportional to the current:

    The constant of proportionality L is called the self-inductance (or simply the inductance)
    of the loop. As with M, it depends on the geometry (size and shape) of the loop. If the
    current changes, the emf induced in the loop is
    Lenz’s law: An induced electric current flows in a direction
    such that the current opposes the change that induced it.

    Lenz's law, which is enforced by the minus sign, dictates that the emf is in such a direction as to oppose any change in current.
    For this reason, it is called a back emf. Whenever you try to alter the current in a wire, you must fight against this back emf. Thus
    inductance plays somewhat the same role in electric circuits that mass plays in mechanical systems: The greater L is, the harder it
    is to change the current, just as the larger the mass, the harder it is to change an object's velocity.
    Energy in Magnetic Fields
    It takes a certain amount of energy to start a current flowing in a circuit. Some work is done against the back emf to get the
    current going. This is a fixed amount, and it is recoverable: you get it back when the current is turned off. In the meantime it
    represents energy latent in the circuit. It can be regarded as energy stored in the magnetic field.
    The work done on a unit charge, against the back emf, in one trip around the circuit is -Є (the minus sign records the fact that
    this is the work done by you against the emf, not the work done by the emf). The amount of charge per unit time passing down
    the wire is I. So the total work done per unit time is

    If we start with zero current and build it up to a final value I, the work done
    (integrating the last equation over time) is

    Another way to approach W in generalized form of surface and volume currents. Remember that the flux φ through
    the loop is equal to LI, while
    In particular, if we agree to integrate over all space, then the surface integral goes to zero, and we are left with

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