FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROPROCESSOR

UNIT 2
programming the 8085
(Date: 16-09-20 TO 21-10-20)
By:
ATIFA AQUEEL
Guest Teacher
Electronics Engg. Section
University Women’s Polytechnic, AMU
 Syllabus
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE INTEL 8085
• Definition of microprocessor, generations and types of microprocessors,
most popular microprocessors.
• Architecture of 8085, brief description of ALU, register section, data &
address buses. Bus time sharing 8085 CPU pins and associated signal.
II. PROGRAMMING THE 8085
• Instruction, Group of instruction, Addressing modes of Instruction, 8085
instruction set. Machine Language, Assembly Language comparison,
Assembly Language programming (Simple Problems).
III. TIMING INSTRUCTION & EXECUTION
• Machine, Instruction, Fetch, Read, Write(IO/MEM) cycle timing diagram,
Interruption: Types of 8085 interrupt system, 8085 SID and SOD lines.

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 Syllabus
IV. PERIPHERAL INTERFACING
• PPLD’S, Brief description of 8255, 8257-DMA Controller, Introduction to
Intel’s 8086 microprocessor, Popular applications of Microprocessor in
industry.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:-
1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming & Applications, by Goankar,
6th Edition 2013
2. Fundamentals of Microprocessor and Microcontrollers, by B.Ram,
Dhanpat Rai Publications, 9th edition 2019.
3. Microprocessor and Microcomputers by Rafiquzzaman, Universal Book
Stall (UBS Pub.) 1997
4. Introduction to Microprocessor, by Mathur, 3rd Edition 1997, Aditya P
Mathur (Tata McGraw Hill, Pub. Co.Ltd)

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 INSTRUCTION

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 Opcodes and Operands

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 Data Transfer Group

• For e.g.
1. MOV A,B : Move the content of reg B to reg A
2. MVI A, 25H : Move 25H to accumulator (Reg A)
3. LDA 2000H : Load the accumulator with the content present in memory
location 2000H.
4. LXI B, 2020H: Load the register pair BC with the content present in
memory location 2020H and 2021H. (X: Reg pair …16 bits)
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 Arithmetic Group

• For e.g.
1. ADD B:
2. SUB C:
3. INR A:
4. DCR C:

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 Other 3 Groups

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 Instruction Word Size

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 One Byte Instruction
• The instruction which has only one part i.e. opcodes is known as one byte
instruction. In other words one byte instructions include the opcode and
operand in the same byte and it is stored in only one memory location.

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 Two-Byte Instruction
• In two byte instruction , the first byte is in its operand and the second byte
is either 8-bit data or address. For Example:

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 Three Byte Instruction

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 Q: Write the size of the following
instructions
1. SUB B :1 BYTE
2. INR B : 1 BYTE
3. MVI B,25H : 2 BYTE
4. LXI D, 2500H : 3 BYTE
5. MOV M, A : 1 BYTE
6. SBI 38H :2 BYTE
7. INX H : 1 BYTE
8. DCR D : 1 BYTE
9. CMA :1 BYTE
10. RAL :1 BYTE
11. LHLD 3000H : 3 BYTE

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 Instruction and Data Formats
• The various techniques to specify data for instructions are:
1. 8-bit or 16-bit data may be directly given in the instruction itself.
2. The address of the memory location, I/O port or I/O device, where data
resides, may be given in the instruction itself.
3. In some instructions, only one register is specified. The content of the
specified register is one of the operands.
4. Some instructions specify two registers. The contents of the registers are
the required data.
5. In some instructions, data is implied. The most instructions of this type
operate on the content of the accumulator.
• Due to different ways of specifying data for instructions, the machine codes
of all instructions are not of the same length. It may 1-byte, 2-byte or 3-
byte instruction.

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 8085 Addressing Modes
• Each instruction requires certain data on which it has to operate.
• The different technique by which the microprocessor specifies the operand
in an instruction is known as addressing mode.
• Intel 8085 supports the following addressing modes:

1. Immediate Addressing Modes

2. Register Addressing Modes
3. Direct Addressing Modes
4. Indirect Addressing Modes
5. Implicit Addressing Modes

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 Immediate Addressing Mode
• In this mode, the 8/16-bit operand (data/address) is specified in the
instruction itself as one of its operand.
• In this mode, the number directly given by the programmer is moved into
the location specified. This location could be a register or an address in the
memory.
• In other words, we can understand the Immediate Addressing Mode as a
mode in which an immediate value is given to operate on.
• For Example:
1. MVI A, 25H ; Save 25H into the Accumulator
2. MVI C, 62H ; Save 62H into the C register
3. LXI B, 3050H ;Load B-C pair with value 3050H.
4. ADI 20H ;The value 20H is added to the contents of the accumulator.
5. SUI 22H ;The value 22H is subtracted from the contents of the
accumulator
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 Immediate Addressing Mode
• Some other examples are:
1. LXI H, 3050H ;Load H-L pair with value 3050H. Higher byte 30H goes
in H while lower byte 50H goes in L
2. LXI SP, 4050H ;Load value 4050H in stack pointer register
3. JMP 9000H ;Jump to address 9000H.

• Note: These instructions may seem to be too many. But you can simply
remember them as “The instructions ending with the letter I, which stands
for immediate, are the instructions for immediate addressing mode” with
one exception though: the JMP instruction.

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 Register Addressing Mode
• In register addressing mode the operand is in one of the general purpose
registers.
• The opcode specifies the address of the register in addition to the operation
to be performed.
• In this mode, the data to be accessed and operated upon is present in a
register and is accessed by specifying the name of the register.
• For Example:
1. MOV A, B ;Save contents of B in Accumulator
• This command moves the contents stored inside the B register to the
Accumulator.
2. ADD B ;Adds the value stored in B to the value in Accum.
3. SUB E ;Subtracts the value stored in E to that in Accum.
4. INR C ;Increments the contents of register C by 1
5. INX B ;Increments the contents of register pair BC by 1

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 Direct Addressing Mode
• In this mode, the address of the operand is specified in the instruction itself.
• For example LDA 3000H: means the data at address 3000H is copied to
register A.
• In other words, we access the data stored in a memory location using its
address. Consider the example
1. LDA 2034H ;Load the content at memory location 2034H into the
Accumulator
2. LHLD 2040H ;Load the content at 2040H into register L and contents at
the next location 2041H into register H
3. STA 3030H ;Load the content at memory location 3030H into the
Accumulator
4. SHLD 2040H ;Load the contents of the register L into memory location
with address 2040H and load the ;contents of register H at the next
memory location 2041H
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 Program 1
• Write a program to add two numbers present in memory locations 2000H
and 2001H and add 25H to the result and store the final result in memory
location 4000H.
Memory
Address Data
2000H 20H
2001H 30H
…
…
4000H ……………..

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 Solution
• LDA 2000H : Load Acc with the content of mem location
2000H (A = 20H)
• MOV B,A (B=A=20H)
• LDA 2001H (A=30H)
• ADD B (A+B) AND RESULT WILL BE STORED IN ACC
• ADI, 25H (A+25)
• STA 4000H ( 4000H= A)
• HLT

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 Register Indirect Addressing Mode
• In this mode, the register(s) holds the address of the location from which
data is to be retrieved.
• Here the address of the operand is specified in a register pair, Hence this
type of instructions indirectly point to the operand.
• MOV A, M ;move contents of the memory location whose address is held
by HL pair into the Accumulator.

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 Example
• Consider the following lines of instructions.
• Suppose it is known that the number 25H is stored at memory location with
address 2030H and the programmer wants to transfer that data to
accumulator.
• MVI H, 20H
OR LXI H, 2030H
• MVI L, 30H
• MOV A, M ;M stands for memory (i.e HL pair)
• MVI M, 92H
• After running the above code, register A will hold the value 25H.

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 Explanation
1. After the execution of the first line, register H will have value 20H stored in it.
2. After the execution of the second line, register L will have value 30H stored in
it. So, now we have 2030H stored in register pair HL.
3. The instruction in the third line tells the microprocessor to look at the address
(in the memory) given by the HL pair which is now 2030H. So, the
microprocessor looks at the location with address 2030H and loads the content
stored there into the accumulator. As we assumed, the memory location with
address 2030H had the number 25H stored in it. So, the microprocessor will
copy it and paste it in the accumulator. And hence, the accumulator will
contain 25H.
4. In the fourth line of instruction, we tell the microprocessor to move the value
given by us, i.e. 92H to the memory location. And the address of the memory
location is read from the HL register pair. HL pair still holds the value 2030H.
So, the microprocessor will store 25H at the memory location with address
2030H.
5. So, in the end, the Accumulator will hold the value 25H and the memory
location with address 2030H will hold the value 92H.
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 Register Indirect Addressing Mode
• A very important point to note here is that the address of a memory location
is of 16-bit size but the data stored in a single memory location is 8 bits.
• Some more instructions which use this mode of addressing.
1. ADD M ;Add contents of the memory location whose address is held by HL
pair to the contents of theAccumulator
2. INR M ;Add contents of the memory location whose address is held by HL
pair is incremented by 1
3. CMP M ;16 bit number from HL pair is picked up. Then, contents at the
address given by picked up number is ;compared with those of the
accumulator.
• The result of the comparison is shown by setting the flags of ;the PSW as
follows: ;
• * if (A) < (reg/mem): carry flag is set ;
• * if (A) = (reg/mem): zero flag is set ;
• * if (A) > (reg/mem): carry and zero flags are reset

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 Implied Addressing Mode
• In this mode of addressing, the microprocessor already knows the location
of data to process and the programmer does not need to define it explicitly.
That information is already contained in the opcode.
• For example,
1. CMA ; Each bit of the 8 bit number stored in Accumulator is
complemented. Note that in this case, it is implied ; that the data to be
processed is in the accumulator and we don't need to specify it.
2. RLC ; the 8 bits of the number stored in the Accumulator are manipulated
in such a way that each bit is moved ; left by 1 place and the most
significant bit is moved to the least significant position.
3. CMC ; The carry flag is complemented
4. STA ; The carry flag is set to 1
• The address of data to be manipulated is the register A which is not stated
in the instruction. It is already understood by the microprocessor when such
instructions (instructions with implied addressing mode) are used.

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 Symbols and Abbreviations
• The symbols and abbreviation used in INTEL 8085 programming are:

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 Symbols and Abbreviations

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 DATA TRANSFER GROUP
• Instructions which are used to transfer the data from a register to another
register from memory to register or register to memory come under this
group.

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 Examples
Q.1: Place 28H in register C.

Q.2: Place 05H in accumulator and transfer it in register C.

Q.3: Load the content of memory location 4050 directly to the accumulator
and transfer it to register B. The content of memory location 4050H is 25H.

Q.4: Move the content of memory location 2010H in register B indirectly, the
content of memory location 2010H is 1AH.

Q.5: Place 05H in accumulator. Increment it by one and store the result in
memory location 2400H.

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 Arithmetic Group
• The instructions of this group perform arithmetic operations such as
addition, subtraction, increment or decrement of the content of a register or
a memory.
•

ADD B

ADD M

ADC B

ADC M

ADI 20H
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 ADI 20H

ACI 20H

DAD B

SUB B

SUB M

SBB r/SBB M
SBB B
/SBB M

SUI 55H

SBI 25H

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 INR B

INR M

DCR B

DCR M

INX B

DCX B

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 DAA Instruction
• DAA: Decimal Adjust Acumulator
• The instruction DAA is used in the program after ADD, ADC, ADI, ACI
etc.
• After ADD, ADC etc. the result is in hexadecimal form and it is placed in
accumulator.
• The DAA instruction operates on this result and gives the final result in
decimal system.
• It uses carry and auxiliary carry for decimal adjustment.
• When the sum lies between 10 to 15 (or A to F hexadecimal) a correction of
+6 is made by DAA instruction. 6 is added to both LSBs and MSBs.
• 6 is added to 4 LSBs of the content of accumulator if the values lie in
between A and F or the auxiliary carry flag is set to 1.
• Similarly,6 is added to 4 MSBs of the content of accumulator if the values
lie in between A and F or the carry flag is set to 1.
• Thus DAA instruction checks whether there is a carry, auxiliary flag or the
sum lies between A to F and makes corrections accordingly.
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 Example
• Let us consider we want to add two decimal numbers 38 and 45. They will
be represented in BCD as 0011 1000 and 0100 0101. The addition results in
0111 1101. But the answer will be incorrect if we want to interpret this
result as a BCD number. The result will be not only incorrect but also
illegal as 1101, which we obtained as the last nibble in the answer is not a
valid BCD number. Here, in such situations, we can use DAA to have the
BCD sum as outcome. All that is required to be done is to add the BCD
numbers and store the result in A, and then execute the DAA instruction.

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• The illustration of the remedial actions against the previous example −

Q.1: ADD 96D and 69D, 84D and 92D, 98D and 99D
• 96D: 1001 0110 (BCD)
• 69D: 0110 1001 (BCD)
• 165D: 1111 1111 (FF IN HEX)
• DAA : 0110 0110 (+6 correction to LSBs AND +6 correction to MSBs)
01,65: 1, 0110 0101 (BCD)
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 Examples
Q.1: Multiply 1245H by 2 .
Ans: LXI H, 1245H
DAD H
HLT

Q.2: ADD 1245H & 1345H using DAD instruction.

Ans: LXI H, 1245H
LXI B, 1345H
DAD B
HLT
Q.3: ADD two numbers present in memory locations 2501H and 2502H
respectively and store the 8-bit result in 2503H (Use indirect addressing
mode)

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 Indirect Addressing

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 Logical Group
• The instructions in this group perform logical operation such as AND, OR,
compare, rotate, etc.

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 CS A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

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 RLC AND RAL

RLC

RAL

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 RRC AND RAR

RRC

RAR

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 Application of Rotate Instructions
• The rotate instructions can also be used for quick multiplication and
division. The 8085 does not have special instructions for multiply and
divide.

• Take a binary number. 0100. That’s 4 in decimal. Shift the ‘1’ towards left
by one position. You get 1000. That’s 8. There you go, you just multiplied
it by 2. Shift the ‘1’ in 0100 towards the right, and you get 2.

• To check whether the number is positive or negative.

• To check whether the number is even or odd.

• To find the number of 1’s and 0’s in a given number.

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 PROGRAMS
1. WAP to find one’s complement of an 8-bit number present in memory
location 2501H and store the result in 2502H.
2. WAP to mask off the least significant 4 bits of an 8-bit number. Assume
the no is present in memory location 2504H.
3. WAP to set the lower nibble without affecting the higher nibble.
4. WAP to complement the higher nibble without affecting the lower nibble.

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 Solutions
1. LDA 2501H 3. LDA 2504H
• CMA • ORI 0FH
• STA 2502H • STA 2505H
• HLT • HLT

2. LDA 2504H 4. LDA 2504H

• ANI 0FH • XRI F0H
• STA 2505H • STA 2505H
• HLT • HLT

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 Branch and Control Group
• The instructions of this group change the normal sequence of programs.
• There are two types of branch instructions:
• Conditional and Unconditional branch.
• The conditional branch instructions transfer the program to the specified
label or memory location when certain conditions are satisfied.
• The unconditional branch instructions transfer the program
unconditionally to the specified label or memory location.

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 Unconditional Jump

• In this instruction, the second and third byte instruction byte give the
address of the label where the program jumps.
• Address of the label is the address of the next instruction to be executed.
The program jumps to that location unconditionally.

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 Conditional Jump
• After the execution of conditional jump instruction the
program jumps to the instruction specified by the addresses or
label if the specified conditions are true.
• The program proceeds further in normal sequence if the
specified condition is not fulfilled.

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 Program 5
Q: Write an assembly language program to perform addition of two
hexadecimal numbers (99H and 98H) by immediate addressing mode. Store
the result and carry in memory locations 2503H and 2504H respectively.
Memory Label Mnemonics/ Comments
Address Opcodes
2000H MVI C, 00H Clear Register C
2002H MVI A, 99H Move 99H in Accumulator
2004H MVI B, 98H Move 98H in Register B
2006H ADD B Add the content of A and B and store the
result in A
2007H JNC AHEAD Jump to AHEAD if CY = 0
200AH INRC If CY=1, increment Reg C by 1, C=1
200BH AHEAD: STA 2503H Store the result (Accum) in 2503H
200EH MOV A,C Move content of C (i.e. Carry) in Accum.
200FH STA 2504H Store the Carry (Accum) in 2504H
2012H HLT End the program
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 Q: Write an assembly language programs to perform addition of two hexadecimal
numbers stored at memory location 2501H and 2502H by direct addressing mode.
Store the result and carry in memory locations 2503H and 2504H respectively.
Memory Label Mnemonics/ Comments
Address Opcodes
2000 LDA 2500H Load the content of 2500H (i.e. 00H) to Accumulator

2003 MOV C,A Move Accumulator content (i.e. 00H) to reg C

2004 LDA 2501H Load the content of 2501H (i.e. one operand) to Accumulator

2007 MOV B,A Move Accumulator content (i.eone operand) to reg B

2008 LDA 2502H Load the content of 2501H (i.e. other operand) to Accumulator

200B ADD B Add the content of A and B and store the result in A

200C JNC AHEAD Jump to AHEAD if CY = 0

200F INRC If CY=1, increment Reg C by 1, C=1

2010 AHEAD: STA 2503H Store the result (Accum) in 2503H

2013 MOV A,C Move content of C (i.e. Carry) in Accum.

2014 STA 2504H Store the Carry (Accum) in 2504H

201721-10-2020 HLT EndBy:the program

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 Addition (Indirect Addressing)
Memory Label Mnemonics/ Comments
Address Opcodes
2000 LXI H, Load the value 2500H in HL pair (HL =2500H)
2500H
2003 MOV C,M Move the content of memory location whose address is in HL
pair to register C. (C=00H)
2004 INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2501H)
2005 MOV A,M The value of 2501H will be moved to Accumulator
2006 INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2502H)
2007 ADD M [A] [A] + [[H-L]]
2008 JNC AHEAD Jump to AHEAD if CY = 0
200B INR C If CY=1, increment Reg C by 1, C=1
200C AHEAD: INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2503H)
200D MOV M,A Move the value of Acc (Result) to memory location2503H
200E INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2504H)
200F MOV M, C Move the value of Reg C(carry) to memory location2504H
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2010 HLT Stop By:
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program 54
 Program 6
Q. WAP to Add the 16-bit number in memory locations 2501H and 2502H to
the 16-bit number in memory locations 2503H and 2504H. Store the result in
memory locations 2505H and 2506H with the most significant byte in memory
location 2506H.

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 Solution (without carry)

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 Solution (with carry)
Memory Label Mnemonics/ Comments
Address Opcodes

2000H XRA A Clear the accumulator by xoring its value. A=00H

2001H LHLD 2501H Load HL pair with the value of 2501H AND 2502h
2004 XCHG Exchange HL pair with DE pair
2005 LHLD 2503H Load HL pair with the value of 2503H AND 2504h
2008 DAD D Add HL and DE pair and store the result in HL pair
2009 JNC AHEAD Jump to AHEAD if CY = 0

200C INR A If CY=1, increment Reg A by 1, A=1

200D AHEAD: SHLD 2505H Store the value of HL pair (Result) in 2505H and
2506H.
2010 STA 2507H Store the carry (Accumulator content) in 2507H
2013 HLT Stop the program
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 CALL Instruction

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 RETURN Instruction

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 RESTART Instruction

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Stack, I/O and Machine Control Group
• This group contains the instructions for input/output ports, stack and
machine control.

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 PROGRAM 7
Ques: WAP to find larger of two numbers and store it in 2503H
Assume the first no. 98H is placed in the memory location 2501H
And the second no. 87H is placed in the memory location 2502H
Address Label Mnemonics & Comments
Operands
2000H LXI H 2501 Address of 1st no in HL pair

2003H MOV A,M 1st no in accumulator

2004H INX H Address of 2nd no in HL pair

2005H CMP M Compare 2nd no with 1st no (Is A> M)

2006H JNC AHEAD Yes, large no is in accumulator, goto ahead

2009H MOV A,M No, get second no in accumulator

200AH AHEAD: STA 2503H Store large no in 2503H

200DH
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HLT stop
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 PROGRAM 8
Ques: WAP to find the largest number in a data array. Assume the numbers are
98H, 75H, 88H, 99H stored in the memory locations 2501H to 2504H and
store the result in 2505H.
Address Label Mnemonics & Comments
Operands
2000 MVI C,04H Take count in Reg C
2002 MVI A,00H Get 00H in accumulator
2004 LXI H 2501H Address of 1st no in HL pair (M=98H)
2007 LOOP: CMP M Compare the no present in memory with the no present
in accumulator. Is A>M ?
2008 JNC AHEAD Yes, large no is in accumulator, goto ahead
200B MOV A,M No, get second no in accumulator
200C AHEAD: INX H Get address of 2nd no in HL pair
200D DCR C Decrement Count (C=C - 1)
200E JNZ LOOP If C ≠ 0, Jump to LOOP
2011 STA 2505H If C = 0, Store the result in 2505
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StopAqueel 68
 PROGRAM (H.W)
Ques: WAP to find the smallest number in a data array. Assume the numbers
are 98H, 75H, 88H, 99H stored in the memory locations 2501H to 2504H and
store the result in 2505H.

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 PROGRAM 9
Q: WAP to count the number of one’s present in a byte.
Reg D Cy Number Reg C
RAL
Initial
Conditions
00H 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 08H

00 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 07

01 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 06

01 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 05

02 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 04

02 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 03

02 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 02

02 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 01

03 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 00
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 Solution
Address Label Mnemonics Comments
& Operands
2000H MVI D,00H Initialize reg D for storing the result (D=00H)
2002H MVI C, 08H Take count in Reg C (C=08H)
2004H LDA 2501H Load the 8 bit number in accumulator from [2501H]
2007H LOOP: RAL Rotate the content of accumulator left with carry
2008H JNC AHEAD Check carry flag. If CY=0, goto AHEAD
200BH INR D If CY=1, Increment register D by 1
200CH AHEAD DCR C Decrement the count (Register C) by 1
:
200DH JNZ LOOP If C ≠ 0, Jump to LOOP
2010H MOV A,D If C = 0, Move the result (content of Reg D) to Accumulator
2011H STA 2502H Store the result in 2502H
2014H HLT Stop the program

21-10-2020 By: Atifa Aqueel 71

 PROGRAM (H.W)
• Ques : WAP to find the number of zeroes present in a byte
stored in memory location 2505H and store the result in
memory location 2506H.

21-10-2020 By: Atifa Aqueel 72

 PROGRAM 10
Q: WAP to perform decimal addition of two 8-bit no. present in memory location 2501H and 2502H and
store the result in 2503H and 2504H.

Address Label Mnemonics & Op Comments

2000H XRA A Clear Accumulator
2001H MOV C,A Move Accumulator content (i.e. 00H) to reg C
2002H LDA 2501H Load the content of 2501H (i.e. one operand) to Accumulator
2005H MOV B,A Move Accumulator content (i.eone operand) to reg B
2006H LDA 2502H Load the content of 2501H (i.e. other operand) to Accumulator
2009H ADD B Add the content of A and B and store the result in A
200AH DAA Convert the result in decimal form
200BH JNC AHEAD Jump to AHEAD if CY = 0
200EH INR C If CY=1, increment Reg C by 1, C=1
200FH AHEAD STA 2503H Store the result (Accum) in 2503H
:
2012H MOV A,C Move content of C (i.e. Carry) in Accum.
2013H STA 2504H Store the Carry (Accum) in 2504H
2016H
21-10-2020
HLT Stop the program
By: Atifa Aqueel 73
 PROGRAM 11

Ques: WAP to multiply two 8-bit number by successive addition method.

Assume :
2501H : 1st number (03H)
2502H: 2nd number (F2H)
2503H: LSB of result
2504H: MSB of result

21-10-2020 By: Atifa Aqueel 74

 SOLUTION
Address Label Mnemonics Comments
& Operands
MVI C,00H Initialize Register C for storing MSB of result

LDA 2501 Load the content of 2501H (i.e. one operand) to Accumulator

MOV B,A Move Accumulator content (i.e first operand) to reg B

LDA 2502H Load the content of 2501H (i.e. other operand) to Accumulator

MOV D,A Move Accumulator content (i.e second operand) to reg D

MVI A,00H Initialize Accumulaor (A=00H)

LOOP: ADD D Add the content of A and D and store the result in A

JNC AHEAD Jump to AHEAD if CY = 0

INR C If CY=1, increment Reg C by 1

AHEAD: DCR B Decrement the count (Register B or First no.) by 1

JNZ LOOP If C ≠ 0, Jump to LOOP

STA 2503H If C = 0, Store the LSB of result (Acc. content) in 2503H

MOV A, C Move the MSB of result (content of Reg C) to Accumulator

STA 2504H Store the MSB of result (Acc. content) in 2504H

21-10-2020 HLT Stop the

By:Program
Atifa Aqueel 75
 PROGRAM 12
• Ques: WAP to perform division of two 8-bit number by successive
subtraction method.
• 2501H– Divisor (03H)
• 2502H– Dividend (08H)
• 2503H– Quoient
• 2504H– Remainder
Initialize Reg C (C=00H)
1. CMP B : A>B, Cy flag=0
A – B =08 – 03 =05H, C=00+01 = 01H and A = 05H
2. CMP B : A>B, Cy flag=0
A – B =05 – 03 =02H, C=01+02 = 02H and A = 02H
3. CMP B : A<B, Cy flag=1
store the result
Quotient = Reg C and Remainder = Reg A

21-10-2020 By: Atifa Aqueel 76

Address Label Mnemonics & Comments
Operands
2000 MVI C,00H Initialize Register C for storing quotient
2002 LXI H 2501H Load the value 2501H in HL pair (HL =2501H)
2005 MOV B,M Move the content of memory location whose address is in HL pair to
register B. (B=03H: Divisor)
2006 INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2502H)
2007 MOV A,M The value of 2501H will be moved to Accumulator (A=08H:
Dividend)
2008 BACK: CMP B Compare the content of Reg A and Reg B (Is A> B?)
2009 JC AHEAD If No (A<B) then Cy flag is 1 , goto AHEAD
200C SUB B If No (A>B) then Cy flag is 0, Subtract A and B
200D INR C Increment the value of Reg C y 1 (C = C+1)
200E JMP BACK Jump to the label BACK
2011 AHEAD INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2503H)
:
2012 MOV M,C Store the value of C (Quotient) in 2503H
2013 INX H Increment HL pair by 1 (i.e, HL=2504H)
2014 MOV M,A Store the value of A (Remainder) in 2504H
2015 21-10-2020 HLT By: Atifa Aqueel
Stop the program 77
HOME ASSIGNMENT (Programs)
1. WAP to find one’s complement of a 16 bit number stored at
memory locations 2501H and 2502H.
2. WAP to find two’s complement of an 8 bit number stored at
memory location 2501H
3. WAP to shift an 8 bit no. left by one bit.
4. WAP to shift a 16 bit no. left by one bit.
5. Write an assembly language program to subtract two 8- bit
hexadecimal number.
6. Write an assembly language to replace all bytes from memory
location 2051H to 205AH by 00H.
7. Write an assembly language to perform addition of a series of 8-bit
numbers stored in the memory location 2051H to 2055H and store
the results in memory location 2056H and 2057H.
21-10-2020 By: Atifa Aqueel 78
 Thank you

21-10-2020 By: Atifa Aqueel 79