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Assignment 1

This document contains 10 problems related to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The problems involve: 1) showing functions satisfy the Lipschitz condition, 2) computing Picard iterations to approximate solutions to initial value problems, 3) proving existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems, and 4) classifying solutions based on initial conditions.

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JOHN
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36 views

Assignment 1

This document contains 10 problems related to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The problems involve: 1) showing functions satisfy the Lipschitz condition, 2) computing Picard iterations to approximate solutions to initial value problems, 3) proving existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems, and 4) classifying solutions based on initial conditions.

Uploaded by

JOHN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH 421A

Assignment - 1
1. Compute a Lipschitz constant K and then show that f (x, y) = p(x) cos y + q(x) sin y,
satisfies Lipschitz condition within {(x, y) : |x| ≤ 10, |y| ≤ ∞}, where p(x) an q(x) are
continuous functions on −10 ≤ x ≤ 10.

2. Show that f (x, y) = x|y| satisfies Lipschitz condition in the region {(x, y) : |x| ≤
1, |y| ≤ ∞}.

3. Let K1 and K2 be positive constants and let f be a continuous


Z x nonnegative function
on α ≤ x ≤ β satisfying inequality f (x) ≤ K1 + K2 f (s)ds. Show that f (x) ≤
α
K1 exp (K2 (x − α)).

4. For each of the following problems compute the first four successive approximations
y0 (x), y1 (x), y2 (x), y3 (x)
′
(i) y = x2 + y 2 , y(0) = 0,
′
(ii) y = 1 + xy, y(0) = 1,
′
(iii) y = y 2 , y(0) = 0,
′
(iv) y = y 2 , y(0) = 1.
′
5. Construct the Picard iterates for the initial-value problem y = 2x(y + 1), y(0) = 0
2
and show that they converge to the solution y(x) = ex − 1.

6. For each of the following problems show that the solution y(x) of the given IVP exists
on the specified interval:
′
(i) y = y 2 + cos x2 , y(0) = 0; 0 ≤ x ≤ 21 ,
′
(ii) y = 1 + y + y 2 cos x, y(0) = 0; 0 ≤ x ≤ 13 ,
′ 2
(iii) y = e−x + y 2 , y(0) = 0; 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 .
′′ ′
7. Prove that the initial value problem y + g(x, y) = 0, y(0) = y0 , y (0) = z0 where g is
continuous in someZ region D containing (0, y0 ), is equivalent to the integral equation
x
y(x) = y0 + z0 x − (x − s)g(s, y(s))ds.
0

dy √
8. Find all solutions of dx
= 2 y, y(0) = 1. Which of them does Picard’s iteration
approximate?
dy
9. Find all initial conditions such that (x2 − 4x) dx = (2x − 4)y has no solution, precisely
one solution and more than one solution.
dy
10. If p(x) and r(x) in equation dx + p(x)y = r(x) are continuous for all x in an interval
|x − x0 | ≤ a, show that f (x, y) in this ODE satisfies the conditions of Existence
Theorem, so that a corresponding initial value problem has a unique solution.

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