Describe The Role of The TCP

1. Describe the role of the TCP, IP and UDP protocols on an enterprise network.
2. Describe the concept of IP addressing and subnet masks for the hospital's network.
3. Specify the network and subnet IDs and the IP addresses used for different devices
on the hospital's network.
4. Describe the difference between assigning static vs. dynamic IP addresses.
5. List the differences between private and public IP addresses used at the hospital for
the private network and access to the Internet.
6. Describe the role of the DHCP and DNS servers on the hospital's network.
TCP/IP is a large family of protocols that is named after its two most important
members. The below diagram TCP shows the TCP/IP protocols used by CICS® TCP/IP, in
terms of the layered Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely used to
describe data communication systems. For CICS users who might be more accustomed to
SNA, the left side of Figure 1 shows the SNA layers, which correspond very closely to the
OSI layers.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

In terms of the OSI model, TCP is a transport-layer protocol. It provides a reliable virtual-
circuit connection between applications; that is, a connection is established before data
transmission begins. Data is sent without errors or duplication and is received in the same
order as it is sent. No boundaries are imposed on the data; TCP treats the data as a stream
of bytes.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP is also a transport-layer protocol and is an alternative to TCP. It provides an unreliable
datagram connection between applications. Data is transmitted link by link; there is no end-
to-end connection. The service provides no guarantees. Data can be lost or duplicated, and
datagrams can arrive out of order.
Internet Protocol (IP)
In terms of the OSI model, IP is a network-layer protocol. It provides a datagram service
between applications, supporting both TCP and UDP.
An IP address is an address used in order to uniquely identify a device on an IP network.

The address is made up of 32 binary bits, which can be divisible into a network portion and
host portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1
octet = 8 bits). Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot). For this
reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal format (for example,
172.16.81.100). The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 -
11111111 binary.
Here is how binary octets convert to decimal: The right most bit, or least significant bit, of an
octet holds a value of 20. The bit just to the left of that holds a value of 2 1. This continues
until the left-most bit, or most significant bit, which holds a value of 2 7. So if all binary bits
are a one, the decimal equivalent would be 255 as shown here:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)
Here is a sample octet conversion when not all of the bits are set to 1.
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 64 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0+64+0+0+0+0+0+1=65)
And this sample shows an IP address represented in both binary and decimal.
10. 1. 23. 19 (decimal)
00001010.00000001.00010111.00010011 (binary)
class can be determined from the three high-order bits (the three left-most bits in the first
octet). Figure 1 shows the significance in the three high order bits and the range of
addresses that fall into each class.
n a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion, so the Class A example in Figure
1 has a major network address of 1.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255. Octets 2, 3, and 4 (the next 24
bits) are for the network manager to divide into subnets and hosts as he/she sees fit. Class
A addresses are used for networks that have more than 65,536 hosts (actually, up to
16777214 hosts!).
In a Class B address, the first two octets are the network portion, so the Class B example
in Figure 1 has a major network address of 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255. Octets 3 and 4 (16
bits) are for local subnets and hosts. Class B addresses are used for networks that have
between 256 and 65534 hosts.
In a Class C address, the first three octets are the network portion. The Class C example
in Figure 1 has a major network address of 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255. Octet 4 (8 bits) is
for local subnets and hosts - perfect for networks with less than 254 hosts.
Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A,
B, or C network. If you do not subnet, you are only able to use one network from your Class
A, B, or C network, which is unrealistic.
Each data link on a network must have a unique network ID, with every node on that link
being a member of the same network. If you break a major network (Class A, B, or C) into
smaller subnetworks, it allows you to create a network of interconnecting subnetworks.
Each data link on this network would then have a unique network/subnetwork ID. Any
device, or gateway, that connects n networks/subnetworks has n distinct IP addresses, one
for each network / subnetwork that it interconnects.
In order to subnet a network, extend the natural mask with some of the bits from the host ID
portion of the address in order to create a subnetwork ID. For example, given a Class C
network of 204.17.5.0 which has a natural mask of 255.255.255.0, you can create subnets
in this manner:
204.17.5.0 - 11001100.00010001.00000101.00000000
255.255.255.224 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
--------------------------|sub|----
By extending the mask to be 255.255.255.224, you have taken three bits (indicated by
"sub") from the original host portion of the address and used them to make subnets. With
these three bits, it is possible to create eight subnets. With the remaining five host ID bits,
each subnet can have up to 32 host addresses, 30 of which can actually be assigned to a
device since host ids of all zeros or all ones are not allowed (it is very important to
remember this). So, with this in mind, these subnets have been created.
204.17.5.0 255.255.255.224 host address range 1 to 30
An IP address is an address assigned to a device on the Internet. It is analogous to postal
address where a letter is delivered, and an IP address is computer's address where internet
traffic is delivered. An IP address is assigned to you by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
When you signup with your ISP, your ISP either assigns you a static IP address or a
dynamic IP address depending on the contract. If you need to setup a web server or an
email service, you'll need a static IP address. If you are just browsing an Internet, you may
just get by with a dynamic IP address
A static IP address is an address that is permanently assigned to you by your ISP (as long
as your contract is in good standing), and does not change even if your computer reboots. A
static IP address is usually assigned to a server hosting websites, and providing email,
database and FTP services. A static IP address is also assigned to a commercial leased
line, or public organization requiring same IP address each and every time. Since static IP
address is assigned to you, you'll have to manually configure your machine (router or
server) to use the static IP address assigned to you.
Static IP address Advantages
 Address does not change - good for web servers, email servers and other Internet
servers.
 Use DNS to map domain name to IP address, and use domain name to address the
static IP address. Similar can be achieved with Dynamic DNS for dynamic IP
address, but it's not as clean as the static IP address.
Static IP address Disadvantages
 Expensive than dynamic IP address - ISPs generally charge additional fee for static
IP addresses.
 Need additional security - Since same IP is assigned to a machine, hackers try brute
force attack on the machine over period of time.
A dynamic IP address is an IP address dynamically assigned to your computer by your ISP.

Each time your computer (or router) is rebooted, your ISP dynamically assigns an IP
address to your networking device using DHCP protocol. Since your ISP dynamically
assigns an IP address to a computing device on reboot, your device may not always receive
the same IP address previous assigned to it. Even if your machine is always on and
permanently connected, some ISPs do change IP address on-the-fly even though this is
very rare. A sticky nature of DHCP generally reassigns same IP address to the same
machine, it is not guaranteed to receive same IP address as IP pool may exhaust at times
and lease time may expire. To find your dynamic IP address, you may visit What is my IP
address page.
Dynamic IP address Advantages
 Cheaper than static IP address.

 Changing IP address gives more privacy.
Dynamic IP address Disadvantages
 Requires DHCP server to obtain an IP address.

 Non-static. Each time IP address changes, you may have to find you IP address
again
A public IP address is the address that is assigned to a computing device to allow direct
access over the Internet. A web server, email server and any server device directly
accessible from the Internet are candidate for a public IP address. A public IP address is
globally unique, and can only be assigned to a unique device.
A private IP address is the address space allocated by InterNIC to allow organizations to

create their own private network. There are three IP blocks (1 class A, 1 class B and 1 class
C) reserved for a private use. The computers, tablets and smartphones sitting behind your
home, and the personal computers within an organizations are usually assigned private IP
addresses. A network printer residing in your home is assigned a private address so that
only your family can print to your local printer.
When a computer is assigned a private IP address, the local devices see this computer via
it's private IP address. However, the devices residing outside of your local network cannot
directly communicate via the private IP address, but uses your router's public IP address to
communicate. To allow direct access to a local device which is assigned a private IP
address, a Network Address Translator (NAT) should be used.

Describe The Role of The TCP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Describe The Role of The TCP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Describe The Role of The TCP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1. Describe the role of the TCP, IP and UDP protocols on an enterprise network.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

An IP address is an address used in order to uniquely identify a device on an IP network.

Static IP address Disadvantages

A dynamic IP address is an IP address dynamically assigned to your computer by your ISP.

 Cheaper than static IP address.

 Requires DHCP server to obtain an IP address.

A private IP address is the address space allocated by InterNIC to allow organizations to

You might also like