INTRODUCTION

A multimeter was a device that can measure a variety of electrical

properties. Voltage, resistance, and current can all be measured with a standard

multimeter. We may measure and check numerous values with the help of a

multimeter, which was widely used in every measuring technique. A multimeter

may also have many capabilities, such as diode testing, coherence testing, and

transistor testing. Ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter are just few of the

functions of a multimeter. A hand-held instrument with positive and negative

indicator needles were typically used. It can be used to test batteries, household

wiring, electric motors, and power supply, among other things. Before connecting

the test probes to the equipment to be tested, the correct range must be selected;

otherwise, the meter may be damaged. When the meter was not in use, it should

be turned off to save battery life .

Today multimeter was widely used either analog or digital multimeter, it

has different features, but the same purpose that it usually checks voltage,

resistance, current and checking the continuity of a circuit. Multimeter was one

of the basic tools used in all courses such as physics laboratory, electronics

laboratory, electrical laboratory and even chemistry laboratory which are

practiced in the fields of science and engineering. In electronics technology

multimeter was usually used as instructional device of the teachers to check

student’s knowledge about reading circuit connections, they commonly used

analog multimeter, but this scenario usually take time to do during class activities.
 2

Teachers have difficulties on how they can check accurately the learning

of their student without consuming so much time, this can be usually observed in

the subject electronics and they commonly used an analog multimeter, it was for

teaching the students how to read resistance, voltage, and current manually, but

during the checking, the teacher had to look directly to the device that the

students were using and see if the student really know how to read the given

component using an analog multimeter and give the correct values. This scenario

triggered the mind of the researcher to create this project called Hybrid

Instructional Multimeter, this was the combination of the two types of Multimeters

the analog and the digital multimeter that would help the teachers to easily check

if the student really knows how to read an analog multimeter without directly

looking in the student while using the device. While the student were using the

analog multimeter, the teacher at the same time could check the value by looking

to the opposite side which was a digital multimeter that gives directly the exact

value of a given component.

Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study was to develop the Hybrid Instructional

multimeter. Specifically the study aimed to:

1. To design and construct Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

2. Test the functionality of the Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

 3

Significance of the Study

This study was to provide a device that could help an individual, especially

those who deal with teaching electronics technology, to be more efficient and

lessen the time consumed in doing the activity. This device was a combination of

both analog and digital multimeter, it was controlled by the switch that would

automatically changed depending on the teacher and student’s usage. This

project may assist teachers in evaluating their student’s performance in testing

components.This device can be used by anyone and anytime without consuming

so much time.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was delimited on the design, construction and functionality of

the Hybrid Instructional Multimeter. The Hybrid Instructional Multimeter consists

of an analog and digital multimeter in one device, and uses a double pole double

throw (DPDT) switch. The Researcher was encouraged, to come up with this

study to create a device that could help especially, electronics and electrical

technology teachers to evaluate their students activity in terms of testing the

components and measuring voltages. This device was delimited only on using

any of the analog and digital multimeter, one at a time. The study employed

count, percentage distribution and weighted mean to analyze the data.

 4

Operational Definition of Terms

To facilitate better understanding of this study, the following terminologies

are defined as follows:

12V Battery – refers to the battery used in the study that serves as the power

source of the device.

Ammeter – refers to a measuring instrument that was used to measure the

current in a circuit.

Analog Multimeter – refers to the tester that uses needle to show the value.

Case – refers to a case that serve as protection of the sensitive electronic parts

from the elements of the device.

Digital Multimeter – refers to the tester that shows numbers as a result.

Hybrid Instructional Multimeter – refers to the combination of analog

multimeter and digital multimeter used in the study.

Resistance – refers to a measure of the opposition of a current flow in an

electrical circuit.

Switch (DPDT) – refers to an electronic device that was used to control the

device functionality.

Test Probe – refers to the positive and negative wires that was attached on the

multimeter.

Voltmeter – refers to an instrument that was used for measuring electric

potential difference two points in an electric circuit.

 5

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the different studies that are related to the Hybrid

Instructional Multimeter. This study was designed to be convenient with the used

of both Analog and Digital multimeter.

A Laboratory Kit for Multimeter Design

The multimeter was an important electrical tool that combines a number of

different instruments into one. In practice, most multimeter designs are digital

and use a single set of probes to detect voltage, current, resistance, capacitance,

and other variables. The world relied on analog displays before the digital

revolution. Some believe that analog screens are a relic of the past. However,

this overlooks one of the analog display's most important features, which is its

capacity to deliver immediate visual perception. The analog display of a

multimeter was based on an electromechanical device known as a galvanometer.

The galvanometer has an incrementally marked face and a needle indicator on

the outside, similar to a clock or tachometer. The intensity of the flow of a very

modest direct current passing through the gadget is shown by the deflection of a

needle (Percy & Seth 2018).

Computer Vision-based Approach for Reading Analog Multimeter

Electronic parameters can be measured with the use of a multimeter.

Despite the fact that the digital multimeter is more often used in our daily lives
 6

due to its efficiency and high cost, the analog multimeter is still preferred in many

applications due to its ease of use and ability to monitor rapidly changing results.

Multimeters are important devices for detecting or measuring electrical

properties (such as voltage, current, and resistance) and are essential in science

and technology. Furthermore, they are frequently encountered in our daily lives,

such as in a workplace, a school laboratory, or household tools. Regardless of

the fact that the digital multimeter has been widely utilized for decades due to

cost and precise considerations, the analog multimeter is still preferred in many

applications, particularly for monitoring rapidly changing results and easy

comprehension The traditional analog multimeter's (abbreviated as A-meter for

short) disadvantage is that it lacks a data connection link to allow for additional

data processing. As a result, reading an A-meter mainly relies on human eyes,

which has two clear drawbacks: inefficiency and tiredness, especially when

visual inspection of an A-meter is required for a long time (Chen & Wang 2018).

Electronic Design

A multimeter is a device that can measure a variety of electrical properties.

Voltage, resistance, and current can all be measured with a standard multimeter.

We may measure and check numerous values with the help of a multimeter,

which is widely used in every measuring technique. A multimeter may also have

many capabilities, such as diode testing, coherence testing, and transistor testing.

Ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter are just few of the functions of a multimeter.

A hand-held instrument with positive and negative indicator needles is typically

 7

used. It can be used to test batteries, household wiring, electric motors, and

power supply, among other things. Before connecting the test probes to the

equipment to be tested, the correct range must be selected; otherwise, the meter

may be damaged. When the meter is not in use, it should be turned off to save

battery life (Pickering, 2016).

General Studies Paper I

A VOM (Volt-Ohm meter) was an electronic measuring equipment that

integrates numerous measurement operations in one unit. A standard multimeter

might have characteristics like voltage, current, and resistance measurement.

Analog Multimeters (AMM) and digital Multimeters (commonly abbreviated DMM

or DVOM) use analog or digital circuits. A multimeter can be a hand-held device

for simple fault finding and field service work, or a bench instrument that can

measure to a very high degree of accuracy. They can be used to diagnose

electrical issues in a variety of industrial and home devices, including electronic

equipment, motor controllers, domestic appliances, power supply, and wiring

systems.

The statement; the device measures the resistance correctly rated 4.53

(highly functional). (Guzan & Feher 2019) stated that the prospect of more

accurate resistance standard measuring using a notional value 20 to 60 times

smaller than the multimeter's smallest ohmic range. The indirect measurement

approach, which uses several measurements by multiple multimeters, was far

more accurate than direct or indirect one-time readings. It allows for relative

measurement errors of one hundredth to thousandth of one percent, much

 8

exceeding the capabilities of a single measurement with a standard multimeter.

This approach can be used to test other resistors, not just resistance standards,

in practice without the use of specialized and expensive measuring equipment.

Analog Multimeters

The most significant disadvantage of Analog Multimeters is their lack of

accuracy. The device's mechanics make it incorrect; the instructions that come

with an analog multimeter recommend calibrating the scale such that the needle

registers on the right-hand side of the scale, where the error is only 1 or 2

percent. As you travel left on the scale, the inaccuracy increases. It's simple to

make mistakes when counting the designated graduations, especially if your

observation angle is incorrect. When the needle falls between two graduations,

you must additionally interpolate the last digit.

Insidious inaccuracies can be introduced by scales. The most noticeable

of them is being on the wrong scale, such as AC instead of DC. Additionally,

most measurements need some basic calculations, which is typically an error

waiting to happen. It's simple to accomplish in your brain if the meter shows 4.7

and the scale is set to "times 10,000," but it's also simple to do incorrect. A lapse

in concentration can result in a major mistake.

A magnetic field triggers the needle in an analog multimeter, causing it to

rotate. Dropping the multimeter or simply using it for years can cause it to break.

Scaling errors or inaccurate estimations can also cause the needle to "peg the

meter," which occurs when the needle swings rapidly until it bangs into the post
 9

at the scale's end. Pegging the multimeter repeatedly might harm the mechanism

and render it inaccurate. To avoid pegging the meter, make it a habit to always

start on the highest scale and work your way down until you get a good reading

(Dezeil, 2022).

Digital Popularity

The multimeter has evolved along with technology. What began as a

rudimentary instrument with a difficult-to-read needle scale has evolved into the

digital multimeter: an equipment that accurately displays test findings on an LCD

display. This reduces the guesswork associated with testing and allows

electricians to see the precise answer they require rather than a shifting scale

result. Because digital Multimeters are generally more accurate than their

analogue counterparts, demand for digital Multimeters has increased, while

demand for analogue Multimeters has decreased.

Digital Multimeters, on the other hand, are typically far more expensive

than analogue counterparts. Digital Multimeters appear to make the most sense

if you have more money to invest and require very accurate results – but keep in

mind that, while not as accurate, analogue Multimeters can still provide a

reasonable test reading and cost substantially less than digital models (Stephen,

2014).
 10

Prior Art

Fig. 1. Hybrid Multimeter

Description

This will allow a learner to fully utilized all aspects of the application,

allowing them to improve their technical skills and simplify testing and

troubleshooting. This device was also less expensive than the most basic mobile

phone. The goal of "Hybrid Multimeter (H.M.M)" was to create a cost-effective

and portable hybrid device with capabilities such as a digital storage oscilloscope,

a function generator, a multimeter, and a logic probe. People today want smaller

electronics, and our idea meets that desire to a large extent. Various tools are

required for circuit diagnosis. Students cannot afford to acquire expensive

oscilloscopes and other expensive testing gear on an individual basis. As a result,

this project could be a wonderful option for a low-cost testing and debugging tool.
 11

Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 2 shows the three steps of the conceptual framework of the project,

the input, process and output of the Hybrid Instructional Multimeter. The input

shows the researcher's, other technicians', and adviser's opposing views. The

supplies and materials and the tools and equipment. There are also several

ideas obtained from books, material on the internet, and other sources relevant

to the research.

The process consists of different steps such as planning, designing,

constructing, testing and revising if some failure in the operation occurs in order

to attain to the objectives of the project.

Lastly, the researcher conceptualized all ideas and data for the completed

function of the output Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Ideas Planning

References Designing

Supplies and Constructing Hybrid

Instructional
Materials Testing
Multimeter
Tools and Revising

Equipment Evaluating

Fig. 2. Conceptual Framework of the Study

 12

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the bill of materials, tools and equipment, total cost

of the project, labor cost, design and lay-out of the study, construction schedule,

procedure of construction, testing and revising, operating procedure, safety

control measures, maintenance.

Bill of Materials

Table 1 shows the bill of materials used in the project. It contains the item,

quantity, unit, unit description, unit price and its total price amounting to one

thousand one hundred twenty-one pesos (Php 1,121.00).

Table 1. Bill of Materials

Item Quantity Unit Description Unit Price Total Price
(Php) (Php)
1 1 Pc Analog Multimeter 350.00 350.00
2 1 Pc Digital Multimeter 385.00 385.00
4 1 Meter Soldering Lead 10.00 40.00
5 1 Pc DPDT Switch 110.00 110.00
6 4 Pc Super glue 9.00 36.00
7 1 Pc Case 5” x 8.5” 200.00 200.00
Total 1,121.00
 13

Tools and Equipment Needed

Table 2 shows the tools and equipment used in the construction of the

project with its function.

Table 2. Tools and Equipment

Tools Function
Screwdriver Used for pasting materials, loosening and
tightening screws.
Soldering Iron Used for heating or melting solders joints.
Equipment
Mini Electric Drill Used for drilling holes.
Angle Grinder Used to cut the metal casing.

Labor Cost

The labor cost of the study was 50% of the total supplies and materials

that was amounting to Five hundred Sixty pesos and fifty centavos only (Php

560.50), as the agreement between the laborer and the researcher, for the time

and effort allotted in creating the project.

Project Cost

During the construction of the project, the researcher came up with the

total cost of the project, comprising the cost of materials, labor cost and the

miscellaneous expenses amounting to two thousand one hundred eighty-one

pesos and fifty centavos only (Php 2, 181.50).

 14

Table 3 shows the total cost of the project used in the study.

Table 3. Cost of the Project

Item Amount (Php)
Total Cost of Supplies and Materials 1, 121.00
Labor Cost 560.50
Miscellaneous Expenses 500.00
Total 2, 181.50
 15

Project Design

Isometric View of the Project

Figure 3 shows the Isometric view of the Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

Fig. 3. Isometric View

 16

Orthographic Drawing

Figure 4 shows the front view of Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

Fig. 4. Front View

Figure 5 shows the left view of Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

Fig. 5. Left View

 17

Figure 6 shows the right view of Hybrid Instructional Multimeter

Fig. 6. Right view

Figure 7 shows the top view of the hybrid instructional multimeter.

Fig. 7. Top view

 18

Figure 8 Shows the parts and components of Hybrid Instructional

Multimeter.

Fig. 8. Parts and Components of the device

Legend:

1. Digital Multimeter 11. Plane Sheet

2. DPDT switch 12. Range Selector
3. Pointer 13. Display
4. Zero Ohm Adjuster
5. Negative Probe
6. Positive Probe
7. Range
8. Analog Multimeter
9. Infinity Knob
10. Scale
 19

Functional Block Diagram

The Hybrid Instructional Multimeter was a device that was useful for

testing components and checking voltages both analog and digital multimeter.

The functional block diagram of Hybrid Instructional Multimeter was explained in

Figure 9. It shows the battery which provides current to the Analog and Digital

Multimeter, it serves as a power source in the circuit, the Analog Multimeter

which can be used by the students and the digital which can be used by the

teacher for checking, it has a switch to control which multimeter to be used and

the positive/negative test probes used for testing a voltage and resistance.

Battery

Analog Multimeter Digital Multimeter

Switch

Test Probe

Fig. 9. Functional Block Diagram of the study

 20

Construction Schedule

Table 4 shows the construction schedule/time frame of the study that

consists of twelve (12) weeks. It includes the operation of its corresponding

number of weeks. Planning took one (1) week, designing took one (1) week,

preparation of materials took two (2) weeks, constructing and assembling took

three (3) weeks, testing took two (2) weeks and revising took three (3) weeks.

Table 4. Construction Schedule

Number of Weeks
Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
B
C
D
E
F

Legend:

A. Planning

B. Designing

C. Preparation of Materials

D. Constructing and Assembling

E. Testing

F. Revising
 21

Procedure of Construction

These are the following construction procedures of Hybrid Instructional

Multimeter.

1. Complete first all the materials needed for the project study.

2. Connect all connections, Positive probes, Negative probes and DPDT

switch connections.

3. Put all the components in the casing.

4. Glued all the corners of the casing.

Testing and Revising

Along the process of construction of the device the researcher

encountered the following and done several revisions for the completeness of the

structure of the device. Table 5 shows the testing and revisions made by the

researcher upon construction of the Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

Table 5. Defects and Revision of the Study

Defect Revision
When the test probe touches each Made it switchable to analog and
other, they don’t give accurate value digital multimeter by putting DPDT
and they just read each other. switch to display an accurate value.
 22

Operating Procedures

The steps to be followed when operating the Device Hybrid instructional

multimeter:

1. Turn on both Multimeter with black and red probes already attached in

their respective input jacks.

2. Turn on switch to your desired measuring mode either analog or digital

multimeter,

3. Test the meter by touching both ends of probes together. You should

get a measurement of zero (0).

4. Now you’re ready to take a reading.

Safety and Control Measures

In operating the device, safety and control measures must be considered:

1. Guarantee that the best leads for turning the switch are in the perfect

location for the ideal estimation.

2. Do not use the meter if the meter or test drives appear to be damaged.

3. Never measure a circuit's blockage while the power is on.

4. When a test lead is attached to the 10 A 300 mA input jack, never

connect the voltage source test probes.

5. To keep a safe distance from danger or damage.

6. Never exceed the specified voltage between any input and the earth or

ground connections.
 23

7. During the measurement, keep your fingers hidden behind the finger

protectors.

8. Before replacing the batteries or the fuse, remove the best probes from

the circuit.

Maintenance

To maintain the good condition of the device these things should be

followed:

1. At regular intervals, calibrate the multimeter.

2. Dust, fumes, humidity, and heat should all be avoided.

3. Replace the batteries.

4. When testing the circuit's resistance, make sure the circuit's power was

turned off.

5. Before connecting the circuit, double-check the polarity.

6. Make all of your resistance readings on the scale's uncluttered side.

7. Choose a range that places the deflection in the upper half of the scale.

It will provide a great level of accuracy.

 24

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discussed the results and discussion about the construction

of the device.

The hybrid instructional multimeter was useful in terms of checking the

learner’s knowledge, about testing components and checking the voltage. The

electrical wiring connection of the device was secured. The device can measure

resistance and voltage correctly. It can be used every time, without worrying of

bringing two multimeters. This device was made up of plain sheet to form a case.

The device consists of two batteries that supplies the two multimeters inside. The

DPDT switch control the usage of the device whether analog or digital multimeter.

The device has analog multimeter which was the traditional tool for checking

resistance, voltage and current and a digital multimeter that will automatically

give the value in a number form. The two test probes that was used to point on

the component that needs checking and gives an accurate value.

Fig. 10. Actual Photo of the Device.

 25

Functionality of Hybrid Instructional Multimeter

The electrical wiring of the device was secured gained a mean of 4.47

(highly functional). The Analog and Digital Multimeter gives value rated 5 (highly

functional), the switch can turn device ON/OFF rated 5 (highly functional), the

device can provide fast reading rated 4.8 (highly functional), the reading

continuity rated 4.93 (highly functional), the reading of analog and digital voltages

rated 4.93 9highly functional), the reading of different resistance value rated 4.93

(highly functional), the shared probe of the Analog and Digital continuity rated 4.8

(highly functional), The device frame was fit to both Analog and Digital multimeter

rated 5 (highly functional).

The statement; the device measures the resistance correctly rated 4.53

(highly functional). (Guzan & Feher 2019) stated that the prospect of more

accurate resistance standard measuring using a notional value 20 to 60 times

smaller than the multimeter's smallest ohmic range. The indirect measurement

approach, which uses several measurements by multiple multimeters, was far

more accurate than direct or indirect one-time readings. It allows for relative

measurement errors of one hundredth to thousandth of one percent, much

exceeding the capabilities of a single measurement with a standard multimeter.

This approach can be used to test other resistors, not just resistance standards,

in practice without the use of specialized and expensive measuring equipment.

As an overall mean for functionality of the project it was rated by the

respondents of 4.84 with the equivalent description of highly functional.

 26

Table 6 shows the results and discussion of its statement about the

functionality of the Hybrid Instructional Multimeter weighted mean and its verbal

description.

Table 6. Functionality of Hybrid Instructional Multimeter.

Weighted Verbal
Statement
Mean Description
1. The electrical wiring connection of the 4.47 Highly Functional
device is secured.
2. Both Analog and Digital Multimeter gives 5.00 Highly Functional
the value.
3. The switch can turn the device ON/OFF. 5.00 Highly Functional
4. The device can provide fast reading. 4.80 Highly Functional
5. The device measures the resistance 4.53 Highly Functional
correctly.
6. The reading of continuity. 4.93 Highly Functional
7. The reading of Analog and Digital voltages. 4.93 Highly Functional
8. The reading of different resistance value. 4.93 Highly Functional
9. The shared probe of the Analog and Digital 4.80 Highly Functional
continuity.
10.The device frame is fit to both Analog and 5.00 Highly Functional
Digital multimeter.
Highly
Overall Mean 4.84
Functional
Legend:

Scale Range Equivalent Description

5 4.21-5.00 Highly Functional
4 3.41-4.20 Functional
3 3.61-3.40 Moderately Functional
2 1.80-2.60 Slightly Functional
1 1.00-1.80 Not Functional
 27

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendation

based on the result of the study.

Summary

The researcher aimed a technical study to construct and designed a

project entitled Hybrid Instructional Multimeter. This research develops a gadget

that allows anyone, particularly those involved in teaching electronics technology,

to be more efficient and save time. This device was a hybrid of an analog and

digital multimeter, and it was operated by a switch that changed automatically

based on the teacher's and students' preferences. This will greatly assist

teachers in evaluating their students in the testing components. Anyone, at any

moment, can utilize this equipment without wasting a lot of time. The project was

done according to its design and functionality; the project came up with an overall

weighted mean of 4.84 with an equivalent description of highly functional. It

means that the project was truly functional.

Conclusion

The researcher concluded that "Hybrid Instructional Multimeter" was a

useful device for students and even the teachers. Teachers find difficulties in

measuring the students learning especially in testing components using an

analog multimeter. It was difficult to know if students read the correct values
 28

accurately. This project indeed could help the students and teachers. Since the

project study is functioning well, the device was therefore efficient and so much

useful in terms of checking of learner’s knowledge about checking or reading

resistances, voltages and current in a multimeter.

Recommendations

Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends the

following:

1. Synchronize reading of Analog and Digital Multimeter.

2. Detachable test probe.

3. Put a handle for portability.

 29

LITERATURE CITED

Ferrero, A., Petri, D., Carbone,P. & Catelani, M. (2015). Modern measurements.
Google
Books. https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=yRYFCAAAQBAJ&dq=ana
log+multimeter+has+no+exact+reading&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Chen, Y.-S., & Wang, J.-Y. (2018, July 31). Computer vision-based approach for
reading analog multimeter. MDPI. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081268

Deziel, C. (2022). What are the applications of a

multimeter? Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/applications-multimeter-
12002701.html

Guzan M. & Feher A. (2019). Improvement of the measurement accuracy of

resistance standard with UNI-T UT 805 and UT 803 multimeters. IEEE
Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8883872

Panchal, J. R., Dhage, P., Panchal, P. M., Dembla, K. S., & FS, A. C.
(2012). Foundation for advancement of education and research motorola
scholar awards : 2012-2013. Google
Scholar. https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:Uf0tAW
ugd2YJ:scholar.google.com/+hybrid+multimeter&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5

Perry, J., & Percy, S. (n.d.). A laboratory kit for multimeter design. USM Digital
Commons. https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/thinking_matters/228/

Pickering, J. (2016). Multifunction digital voltmeters. IEEE

Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5184086

Stephen, D. A. (n.d.). Wiley survey of instrumentation and measurement. Google

Books. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Wr6l42rEizUC&
oi=fnd&pg=PA286&dq=analog+multimeter

V&S Publishers. (2015). General studies paper I. Google

Books. https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=b915DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7
09&dq=multimeter+studies&hl=en&sa=X&
 30

APPENDICES
 31

Appendix A

Letter Request

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kidapawan City Campus

September 09 2021

Dear Respondent:

The undersigned is a fourth-year student of University of Southern Mindanao,

Kidapawan City Campus pursuing a degree in Bachelor of Technical Vocational
Teacher Education (BTVTEd) major in Electronics Technology enrolled in TTE
400B which is the undergraduate thesis.

The researcher is humbly asking to formally evaluate her project study entitled
“Hybrid Instructional Multimeter”. She believed that your knowledge will help
her study for improvement.

Rest assured that the data gathered will remain confidential between the
researcher and the respondents.

Hoping for your favorable response on this matter.

Thank you and God bless.

Sincerely yours,

(Sgd.) KATHE MARIZ P. AMORA

Researcher

Noted:

(Sgd.) DHEALYN DECEE V. SABIT, PhD.

Adviser
 32

Appendix B

Research Instrument

“Hybrid Instructional Multimeter”

Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kidapawan City Campus

Objectives of the Study

This project study aims to:

1. To design and construct hybrid multimeter.
2. To test the functionality of the device.
Name: (Optional) ___________________________________________
Direction: Rate the project according to its functionality. Please check (√) the box
that corresponds to your answer.
Legend:
Scale Equivalent Description
5 Highly Functional
4 Functional
3 Moderately Functional
2 Least Functional
1 Not Functional

Statement SCALE
5 4 3 2 1
1. The electrical wiring connection of the device is
secured.
2. Both Analog and Digital Multimeter gives the same
value.
3. The switch can turn the device ON/OFF.
4. The device can provide fast reading.
5. The device measures the resistance correctly.
6. The reading of continuity.
7. The reading of analog and digital voltages.
8. The reading of different resistance value.
9. The shared probe of the analog and digital
continuity.
10. The device frame is fit for both analog and digital
multimeter.
 33

Appendix C

Ethics Participant Comment form

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kidapawan City Campus
 34

Appendix D

Operational Manual
Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kidapawan City Campus

Technical Specification

Parts and Components of the device

Legend:

1. Digital Multimeter 11. Plane Sheet

2. DPDT switch 12. Range Selector
3. Pointer 13. Display
4. Zero Ohm Adjuster
5. Negative Probe
6. Positive Probe
7. Range
8. Analog Multimeter
9. Infinity Knob
10. Scale
 35

Operating Procedures

The steps to be followed when operating the Device Hybrid instructional

multimeter:

1. Turn On both Multimeter with black and red probes already attached in

their respective input jacks.

2. Turn on switch to your desired measuring mode either analog or digital

multimeter,

3. Test the meter by touching both ends of probes together. You should

get a measurement of 0.

4. Now you’re ready to take a reading.

Safety Precautions

In operating the device, safety and control measures must be considered:

1. Guarantee that the best leads for turning the switch are in the perfect

location for the ideal estimation.

2. Do not use the meter if the meter or test drives appear to be damaged.

3. Never measure a circuit's blockage while the power is on.

4. When a test lead is attached to the 10 A 300 mA input jack, never

connect the voltage source test probes.

5. To keep a safe distance from danger or damage.

6. Never exceed the specified voltage between any input and the earth or

ground connections.
 36

7. During the measurement, keep your fingers hidden behind the finger

protectors.

8. Before replacing the batteries or the fuse, remove the best probes from

the circuit.

Maintenance

To maintain the good condition of the device these things should be

followed:

1. At regular intervals, calibrate the multimeter.

2. Dust, fumes, humidity, and heat should all be avoided.

3. Replace the batteries.

4. When testing the circuit's resistance, make sure the circuit's power was

turned off.

5. Before connecting the circuit, double-check the polarity.

6. Make all of your resistance readings on the scale's uncluttered side.

7. Choose a range that places the deflection in the upper half of the scale.

It will provide a great level of accuracy.

 37

Image of the Project (Perspective)

Front View

Left View
 38

Right view

Top view
 39

Appendix E

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kidapawan City Campus

Documentation of Project Construction

Measuring of the casing Cutting of the casing

Checking of the wiring Actual picture of the project

 40

Appendix F

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kidapawan City Campus

Documentation of Testing
 41

Curriculum Vitae

A. PERSONAL DATA

Name Kathe Mariz P. Amora

Address Libo o, Mlang, North Cotabato

Sex Female

Date of Birth April 22,2000

Place of Birth Gabi, Ubay Bohol

Civil Status Single

Religion Roman Catholic

Father’s Name Volter N. Amora

Mother’s Name Jonna P. Amora

B. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary University of Southern Mindanao-Kidapawan City

Campus
Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education
S.Y 2021-2022

Secondary Calunasan High School

Calunsan, Mlang, North Cotabato
S.Y 2015-2016

Senior High School Mlang National High School

Rizal St., Mlang, North Cotabato
S.Y 2017-2018

Primary Libo o Elementary School

Barangay Libo o Mlang, North Cotabato
S.Y 2011-2012
 42

C. SEMINARS ATTENDED

July 23, 2021 Servicing Digital Television and Domestic Electronics

Products and Equipment
USM-KCC, Sudapin, Kidapawan City

August 2, 2021 Computer Servicing and Maintenance and CCTV

Installation
USM-KCC, Sudapin, Kidapawan City

August 3, 2021 EPAS NCII Orientation, Enrichment and Practice

USM-KCC, Sudapin, Kidapawan City

August 9, 2021 Mechatronics Programs Installation and Servicing

Procedure, and Broadband Servicing Set-up
USM-KCC, Sudapin, Kidapawan City

CERTIFIED TRUE AND CORRECT:

KATHE MARIZ P. AMORA

kathemarizplatonamora@gmail.com
09513150150