DLP Math 8.4

Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 8
I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
1. define inductive and deductive reasoning.
2. differentiate inductive and deductive reasoning; and
3. apply inductive and deductive reasoning in an argument.
II. Subject Matter
` Topic: “Using Inductive or Deductive Reasoning in an Argument”
References: LM: Emmanuel P. Abuzo. et.al (2013). Mathematics 8
TG: Teacher’s Guide for Junior High School
Materials: Visual aids, calculator, laptop and LED Television
Value Focus: Cooperation
PPST: Domain 4 – Curriculum and Planning
Time Frame: 1 hour
III. Learning Activities

A. Preparatory Activities
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
1. Prayer
2. Checking of Attendance
3. Review
In order to refresh your memory from our past

lesson, answer the following questions.
Consider the table and the paragraph below. Fill

in the blanks or the missing values with the
correct answer
1. Jessa says that the converse of the

statement “If a number has 1 and itself
as factors, then it is prime” is “If a
number does not have 1 and itself as
factors, then it is not prime”. Which of the
following reasons would support her
statement?
A. To write the converse, negate both
hypothesis and conclusion.
B. To write the converse, interchange the
hypothesis and conclusion.
C. To write the converse, interchange the
hypothesis and conclusion of its
converse.
D. To write the converse, interchange
and negate both hypothesis and
conclusion
1. What do you call the statements having

the same corresponding truth values? Equivalent Sir.
2. What is the logically equivalent to an
inverse statement? Converse Sir.
3. What has the same truth value to an if-
then statement? Contrapositive Sir.
4. What should be the truth value of an if-
then statement if its equivalent statement True Sir.
is true?
5. What is the sequence of the four truth
values of the converse of the original T, T, T, F
statement using the truth table?
Very good!
4. Motivation
I will be posting pictures; you will try to guess

what comes next.
This kind of shape Sir.
Sir.
Very good! Thank you for answering.
B. Developmental Activity
1. Presentation
Reasoning is part and partial of daily life.

There is an involved reasoning in choosing
which music to play because we consider
the genre, singer, or lyrics. There is also
reasoning involved in the way we choose
which route to take in going to school, may
be because it is the shortest and the fastest
route, the most convenient, the safest, or
because a friend’s house is along the way.
In deciding to do certain things, our
decision is grounded in reasons.
Do you have difficulties in deciding? (Some students say yes, some students
say no.)
Please elaborate. (Students share their experiences.)
Thank you for sharing.
Here are the learning objectives that you

will attain after our discussion.
Please read the objectives:

At the end of the lesson the we will be able
to:
1. define inductive and deductive
reasoning.
2. differentiate inductive and deductive
reasoning; and
3. apply inductive and deductive
reasoning in an argument.
2. Discussion
Drawing a conclusion from events,

experiences and logical reasons are also
part of scientific methods among scientist
and mathematicians in order to formulate
general view and greater knowledge.
In mathematics, reasoning is the ability to

draw logical conclusions based on
evidences or stated assumptions.
What does this mean? This means that we draw assumptions from
what information we have.
Reasoning will be helpful in evaluating
situations, selecting problem-solving
strategies, drawing logical conclusions,
developing and describing and applying the
solutions.
Example: What comes next in the

sequence of figures below?
Sir.
The shaded part of the circle is going

What is your reason? clockwise sir.
You are correct.

There are two types of reasoning:
 Inductive Reasoning- Takes
specific examples to make general
rule.
 Deductive Reasoning- Takes
general rule and uses it to make a
more specific example.
More examples:
1. In the sequence, 10, 20, 30, …, the next

term is 40.
2. John, a math challenger is good in
mathematics. Joan, Josh, and Bea who are
also math challengers are good in
mathematics. Therefore, all math
challengers are good in mathematics.
3. The chair in the living room is red. The
chair in the dining room is red. Therefore,
the color of the chairs in the house is red.
Inductive reasoning allows you to make a

general rule from specific examples. Like in
example 1, you are given a sequence with
first three terms are 10, 20 and 30. From
these specific examples, you may then
generalize that the sequence is a sequence
of numbers that are divisible by or multiple
of 10. Hence, you conclude that the next
term is 40.
On the 2nd example, what can you infer? In example 2, there are given specific
names of math challengers, Jim, Jane,
Josh and Bea who are good in
mathematics. From these specific
examples, we can then generalize that all
math challengers are good in mathematics.
Yes!
Similarly, in example number 3, you

generalize that all chairs in the house are
red as you observed that the chairs in the
living and dining rooms are red.
In this statement:
Determine the next number: 3,6,9,12, __,
__. 15 and 18 Sir.
What comes next?
The numbers are multiple of 3 Sir.
Very good. What did you observe?
Good. However necessary precaution

should be done before making a
generalization or conclusion. We have to
be careful in making conclusion specially in
using the word “All”. In inductive reasoning,
a single case that is not true will invalidate
the general conclusion. Thus, analysis and
investigation of different cases are
important.
In deductive reasoning, this logical

reasoning, allows you to make a specific
conclusion based on a general truth or fact.
It uses acceptable facts, proven theorem
as proof to draw a specific case or
situation.
Examples:
1. Sally does not drink soft drinks. Then, it
follows that she does not drink Cola.
2. All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible
by 5. Number 35 ends with 5. Therefore, it
must be divisible by 5.
Deductive reasoning starts from a general

statement or fact to conclude into specific
example or claim. For instance, in example
1, you are given that Sally does not drink
soft drinks. Since a cola is a specific
example of a soft drink, then it follows that
Sally does not drink cola. In example 2, it is a fact that all numbers
ending with 0 or 5 are divisible by 5. Since
In example #2, what can you imply? 35 is a number ending with 5, you then
conclude that number 35 must be divisible
by 5.
Very good.
3. Generalization
To sum up our lesson for today, what have

you learned from our discussion? We learn about inductive and deductive
reasoning.
Very good. Who can give other realization?
We must comprehend the statements
before formulating a conclusion.
Do you have questions and clarifications

regarding to our topic? None Sir.
If there’s none, prepare for a quiz.

IV. Evaluation

Directions: Identify the type of reasoning
used in each of the following situations.
Write IR if the statement is inductive
reasoning and DR if it is deductive
reasoning. Write your answer on a ¼ sheet
of paper.
1. IR
1. Today, Sam notices that the city alarm 2. DR
sounds at 9:00 P.M. The next day of the 3. IR
same time, she notices that the city alarm 4. DR
sound again. She remembers that the city 5. DR
alarm did sound at the same time the other
day. She then concludes that the city alarm
sounds every 9:00 P.M.
2. No foreigner can be elected senator in our

country. Peter is a foreigner. Therefore,
Peter cannot be elected senator in our
country.
3. Grade 11 students at Javier NHS

conducted an experiment on tomatoes by
applying Ferrous Sulfate. After three weeks,
they observed the number of tomatoes
produced increased. They concluded that
the use of Ferrous Sulfate
as organic fertilizer can increase the
production of tomatoes.
4. A student who gets a perfect score in

mathematics 10 will be given extra credits.
Ann got a perfect score in mathematics 10.
Thus, Ann will be given extra credit.
5. All the residents of Barangay Guinhalinan

are exempted from paying taxes. The
parents of Melanie reside in Barangay
Guinhalinan. Therefore, Melanie’s parents
are exempted from paying taxes.
Directions: Complete the table by filling in

the conclusion. Item 1 is done for you.
V. Assignment
Direction: Complete the table below by

listing some situations on how each type of
reasoning is used in different subjects.
Prepared by: Checked by:
VAL DARYL ANHAO LEILANIE T. ABEDEJOS

Substitute Teacher Department Head

DLP Math 8.4

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Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics 8

III. Learning Activities

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

In order to refresh your memory from our past

Consider the table and the paragraph below. Fill

1. Jessa says that the converse of the

1. What do you call the statements having

I will be posting pictures; you will try to guess

This kind of shape Sir.

Very good! Thank you for answering.

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Reasoning is part and partial of daily life.

Thank you for sharing.

Here are the learning objectives that you

Please read the objectives:

Drawing a conclusion from events,

In mathematics, reasoning is the ability to

Example: What comes next in the

The shaded part of the circle is going

You are correct.

1. In the sequence, 10, 20, 30, …, the next

Inductive reasoning allows you to make a

Similarly, in example number 3, you

Good. However necessary precaution

In deductive reasoning, this logical

Deductive reasoning starts from a general

To sum up our lesson for today, what have

Do you have questions and clarifications

If there’s none, prepare for a quiz.

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

2. No foreigner can be elected senator in our

3. Grade 11 students at Javier NHS

4. A student who gets a perfect score in

5. All the residents of Barangay Guinhalinan

Directions: Complete the table by filling in

Direction: Complete the table below by

Prepared by: Checked by:

VAL DARYL ANHAO LEILANIE T. ABEDEJOS

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