FOREWORD

I am Val Daryl Anhao a student of graduate studies, taking up Master of Science Education
Major in Physics. This module focuses on the Three Laws of Motion also called as Newton’s Laws of
Motion. This Newton’s Laws of Motion module was developed in order to have new resources in
learning the said topic. It is also helpful for it composes of several real life examples, games, and
interactive activity that can boosts the students will to learn.

Val Daryl Anhao

 LAWS OF MOTION

Presented to:

ARIEL O. ELLARE, MSciEd

Presented by:

Val Daryl Anhao

December 05, 2019

DESCRIPTION
In this module, we will be tackling about the Three Laws of Motion together with its example
and application. This is a one-lesson module in which the learners will be able to learn through the
help of games, activities, and video clips.

The lesson Laws of Motion is an important and significant topic in physics. In this lesson, the
learners are expected to define and identify the three laws of motion. There will be a series of
examples and activity to be given to the learners in order for them to understand the topic easily. After
the lesson or discussion, the learners will be given an evaluation to test their understanding.

The lesson has the following features:

© Introduction – this is where to state the purpose and goals of this module.
© Key Concepts – to feature building blocks of the lesson
© Learning Goals – this serve as the guide of the lesson that will provide the reason for teaching.
© Lesson Proper
 Elicit – access prior knowledge.
 Engage – get the learners’ minds focused on the topic through a game.
 Explore – provide learners with a common experience.
 Explain – teach the concept. There should be an interaction between the learners and
the teacher.
 Elaborate – let the learners to apply their knowledge through an activity.
 Evaluate – performance assessment
 Extend – deepen the conceptual understanding of the learners.
© Lesson Map
© Summary of Tables and Activities
© Activity Sheets
© Summary of Figures
INTRODUCTION
The Three Laws of Motion or Newton’s Laws of Motion help us to understand how objects
behave when they are standing still; when they are moving, and when forces act upon them.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The learners should be able to:

© Identify the different laws of motion

© Understand the concepts of laws of motion
© Give an example about the laws of motion in a real life scenario
TOPIC HISTORY AND HIGHLIGHTS
A Brief History

Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727), an English scientist and mathematician, worked in many areas

of mathematics and physics. The three laws of motion describe the motion of massive bodies and

how they interact. He was one of the most influential scientists of all time. His ideas became the basis

for modern physics. He built upon ideas put forth from the works of previous scientists including

Galileo and Aristotle and was able to prove some ideas that had only been theories in the past. He

also studied optics, astronomy and math — he invented calculus. (German mathematician Gottfried

Leibniz is also credited with developing it independently at about the same time.) 

He developed the theories of gravitation in 1666, when he was only 23 years old. Some twenty

years later, in 1686, he presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia Mathematica Philosophiae

Naturalis." Today these laws are known as Newton’s Laws of Motion and describe the motion of all

objects on the scale we experience in our everyday lives.

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. An object in motion tends to stay in   motion and an object at rest tends to   stay at rest unless

acted upon by an   unbalanced force.

2. Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).

3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Lesson 1: LAWS OF MOTION
I. Introduction

Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object in motion tends to stay in motion

unless an external force acts upon it. Similarly, if the object is at rest, it will remain at rest

unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. Newton's First Law of Motion is also known as

the Law of Inertia.

Newton's Second Law of Motion states that when a force acts on an object, it will

cause the object to accelerate. The larger the mass of the object, the greater the force will

need to be to cause it to accelerate. This Law may be written as force = mass x

acceleration or:

F=m*a

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and

opposite reaction.

II. Key Concepts

Motion - Motion involves a change in the position of an object over time. Motion influences

when objects move and the forces necessary to make them move. Classical mechanics is

the branch of physics that studies motion.

III. Learning Goals

Content Standards: The learners demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s Three Laws

of Motion and uniform circular motion

 Learning Competency: The learners should be able to

 Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of

object to the amount of change in object’s motion

 Infer that when a body exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is

exerted back on it

 Demonstrate how body responds to changes in motion

IV. Lesson Proper

A. Elicit (Review 10 minutes)

Give an activity to the learners about their previous topic.

Activity 1. Pictionary with a twist

The class will be grouped into two groups. Each group will choose a representative to answer.

That members will draw a small piece of paper in a certain box and that piece of paper has a word

written on it. After reading the word or words in the paper, the members will then draw something that

is related to the word/s he get and the representative will be then guessing what word it is. However,

every member has only given a chance to draw for only 1-2 strokes.The representative is not allowed

to draw letters and numbers, only lines, shapes and objects.

FORCE
ACCELERATION
SPEED
VELOCITY
DISTANCE
DISPLACEMENT
MOTION
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
GRAVITY
 B. Engage (15 minutes)

Give an activity to the learners before proceeding to the discussion

Activity 2. Message Relay

Group the class into two groups then let them fall in line. This message relay is not the ordinary
message relay. In this activity, the first person in line will be given a piece of paper with a question
attached to it. They will be given one minute to memorize the question and when they hear the signal
of the teacher they will then whisper the question to the next person and so on until the question will
reach to the last person in line. Then, the last person will go to the teacher and tell what are the
question and the answer. Each correct question and answer is equivalent to 2 points.

Questions:

1. A measurement of how quickly an object is changing speed. (Acceleration)

2. ___________________ came up with the Laws of Motion. (Isaac Newton)
3. How many Laws of Motion are there? (three)
4. What is the unit of measurement used in physics for force? (Newton)
5. __________ measures the quantity of matter of an object. (mass).

C. Explore (15 minutes)

Activity 3. Ball Activity

Objective: Students will be able to test Newton's 2nd Law of motion using ping pong balls and tennis
balls.

Materials:

Wooden Ruler
Ping Pong Ball
Tennis Ball

Directions:

There are two sets of directions to experience Newton's 2nd Law: 1) Constant Force, and 2) Constant
Acceleration.

Constant Acceleration Constant Force

1) Place a ping-pong ball in front 1) Place a ping-pong ball in

of the wooden ruler. front of the wooden ruler.

2) Carefully bend the ruler back 2) Carefully bend the ruler

and release it. back and release it.

3) Record your observations 3) Record your observations

 4) Place a golf ball in front of the 4) Place a golf ball in front of
wooden ruler. the wooden ruler.

5) Carefully bend the ruler back 5) Carefully bend the ruler

and release it. Be sure to bend back and release it. Be sure
the ruler back to the same to bend the ruler back to
spot (force needs to be achieve the same
constant). acceleration as the ping-
pong ball (acceleration
6) Record your observations. needs to be constant).

6) Record your observations.

Observations (constant acceleration)

Ping Pong Ball

Tennis Ball

Observations (Constant Force)

Ping Pong Ball

Tennis Ball

Questions:

1. When the ruler was bent to the same spot (constant force) which ball accelerated faster?
Why?
2. When the ruler was bent to achieve similar acceleration (constant acceleration) which ball went
faster? Why?
3. Explain the relationship between mass and acceleration.

Ask the learners to choose one representative to discuss and explain their observations and answers
in front.

D. Explain (30 minutes)

Present a video clips in class to introduce the lesson.

Sir Isaac Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. He developed the theories
of gravitation in 1666, when he was only 23 years old. Some twenty years later, in 1686, he
presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis."

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. An object in motion tends to stay in   motion and an object at rest tends to   stay at rest unless
acted upon by an   unbalanced force.
2. Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton’s First Law
 An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

What does this mean?

 Basically, an object will “keep doing what it was doing” unless acted on by an
unbalanced force.
 If the object was sitting still, it will remain stationary. If it was moving at a
constant velocity, it will keep moving.
 It takes force to change the motion of an object.

What is meant by unbalanced force?

If the forces on an object are equal and opposite, they are said to be balanced, and the object
experiences no change in motion. If they are not equal and opposite, then the forces are unbalanced
and the motion of the object changes.
Some Examples from Real Life

A soccer ball is sitting at rest. It takes an unbalanced force of a

kick to change its motion.

Two teams are playing tug of war. They are both exerting equal force on the rope in opposite
directions. This balanced force results in no change of motion.

Newton’s First Law is also called the Law of Inertia

Inertia: the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion

The First Law states that all objects have inertia. The more mass an object has, the
more inertia it has (and the harder it is to change its motion).

More Examples from Real Life

A powerful locomotive begins to pull a long line of

boxcars that were sitting at rest. Since the boxcars
are so massive, they have a great deal of inertia and it
takes a large force to change their motion. Once they
are moving, it takes a large force to stop them.

On your way to school, a bug flies into your windshield. Since the bug is so
small, it has very little inertia and exerts a very small force on your car (so small that you don’t even
feel it).
If objects in motion tend to stay in motion, why don’t moving objects keep moving forever?

Things don’t keep moving forever because there’s almost always an unbalanced force acting upon it.

A book sliding across a table slows down and stops because of the force of friction.

If you throw a ball upwards it will eventually slow down and fall
because of the force of gravity.

In outer space, away from gravity and any sources of friction, a rocket ship launched with a certain
speed and direction would keep going in that same direction and at that same speed forever.
 Newton’s Second Law
Force equals mass times acceleration.
F = ma

Acceleration: a measurement of how quickly an object is changing speed.

• An unbalanced force causes something to accelerate.
• A force can cause motion only if it is met with an unbalanced force.
• Forces can be balanced or unbalanced.
• Depends on the net force acting on the object
• Net force (Fnet): The sum total and direction of all forces acting on the object.
• Net forces: Always cause acceleration.

Balanced Versus Unbalanced

Balanced forces cause no acceleration.

 Balanced Versus Unbalanced

Unbalanced forces cause acceleration.

What does F = ma mean?

 Force is directly proportional to mass and acceleration. Imagine a ball of a

certain mass moving at a certain acceleration. This ball has a certain force.
 Now imagine we make the ball twice as big (double the mass) but keep the
acceleration constant. F = ma says that this new ball has twice the force of the
old ball.
 Now imagine the original ball moving at twice the original acceleration. F = ma
says that the ball will again have twice the force of the ball at the original
acceleration.

In Other Words…
Small Force = Small Acceleration
So….if you push twice as hard, it accelerates twice as much.
• Acceleration is INVERSELY related to the mass of the object.
LARGE MASS =small acceleration

More about F = ma

If you double the mass, you double the force. If you double the acceleration, you double
the force.

What if you double the mass and the acceleration?

(2m)(2a) = 4F

Doubling the mass and the acceleration quadruples the force.

What does F = ma say?

F = ma basically means that the force of an object comes from its mass and its
acceleration.

Force is measured in

Newtons (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2) Or kg m/s2

In Summary:

• The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force & inversely
proportional to its mass.

• F = ma

• Force = Mass x Acceleration

Solving Newton Second Law Problems

• 1.Draw a free body diagram

• 2.Break vectors into components if needed

• 3.Find the NET force by adding and subtracting forces that are on the same axis as the
acceleration.

• 4.Set net force equal to “ma” this is called writing an EQUATION OF MOTION.

• NOTE: To avoid negative numbers, always subtract the smaller forces from the larger
one. Be sure to remember which direction is larger.

Example:

• A 50 N applied force drags an 8.16 kg log to the right across a horizontal surface.
What is the acceleration of the log if the force of friction is 40.0 N?
• An elevator with a mass of 2000 kg rises with an acceleration of 1.0 m/s/s. What is
the tension in the supporting cable?
 Newton’s Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

For every force acting on an object, there is an equal

force acting in the opposite direction. Right
now, gravity is pulling you down in your seat,
but Newton’s Third Law says your seat is
pushing up against you with equal force. This
is why you are not moving. There is a balanced
force acting on you– gravity pulling down, your seat pushing up.

What happens if you are standing on a skateboard or a

slippery floor and push against a wall? You slide in the
opposite direction (away from the wall), because you
pushed on the wall but the wall pushed back on you with
equal and opposite force.

Why does it hurt so much when you stub your toe? When your toe exerts
a force on a rock, the rock exerts an equal force back on your toe. The
harder you hit your toe against it, the more force the rock exerts back on
your toe (and the more your toe hurts).
Forces and Interactions

Newton’s third law describes the relationship between two forces in an interaction.

• One force is called the action force.

• The other force is called the reaction force.

• Neither force exists without the other.

• They are equal in strength and opposite in direction.

• They occur at the same time (simultaneously).

When the girl jumps to shore, the boat moves backward.

 Identifying Action and Reaction Pairs

When action is A exerts force on B, the reaction is simply B exerts force on A.

Action and Reaction on Different Masses

Earth is pulled up by the boulder with just as much force

as the boulder is pulled down by Earth.

A. Elaborate (15 minutes)

Let the learners’ perform an activity.

Activity 4: Coin Activity

To perform this activity, students place an index card (or playing card) on top of a small
plastic cup, then stack several coins on top of the card. With a flick of the wrist, the
cards are pulled out from under the coins and the coins fall into the cup. 
 Objective
Students will be able to test Newton's 1st Law of Motion using coins, flash cards, and a
cup.

Big Idea
Newton's Law are learned through direct experience.

For this activity, only a few materials are needed: 

1. Index Cards
2. Coins (Nickels work well)
3. Plastic cup (preferably clear)

Directions
1. Place an index card on top of an empty cup
2. Place a coin on the card
3. Flick the card with your finger
4. Continue until the coin drops into the cup

Observations:

Questions:
1. Which of Newton’s Laws is demonstrated in this activity?

2. Why does the coin fall into the cup? 

B. Evaluate (15 minutes)

Give a 10 item multiple choice tests.

C. Extend (15 minutes)

Give an activity to the learners individually.

Activity 5: Newton’s Law of Motion Relay

The class will group into 2. The group will form a line and perform the activity 3 and 4
with additional activity. The group that ends the activities faster wins.

V. Lesson Map
 Time
Day Activities
(min.)
10 Elicit Review: Activity 1 “Pictionary”
20 Engage Activity 2: Message Relay
1 20 Explore Activity 3: Ball Activity
30 Explain Discussion
2 10 Elaborate Activity 4: Coin Activity
10 Evaluate Evaluation
10 Extend Activity 5: Lists all you can

References
https://betterlesson.com/lesson/634249/newton-s-2nd-law-ping-pong-ball-activity-newton-s-laws-expo-5-of-9

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-newtons-laws-of-motion-608324