Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 20 views

    HE Lecture 19

    Uploaded by

    presidentisc nit-rourkela
    Dr. Ratnakar Swain of the Department of Civil Engineering at NIT Rourkela discusses energy losses in pipes. [1] Major energy losses are due to friction and are calculated using Darcy's-Weisbach formula or Chezy's formula. [2] Minor energy losses occur due to sudden enlargements, sudden contractions, entrance and exit effects, bends in pipes, obstructions, and pipe fittings. [3] The formulas provided allow calculating the head loss from these various sources based on flow velocity, pipe dimensions, and loss coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    HE Lecture 19

    Uploaded by

    presidentisc nit-rourkela
    20 views9 pages
    Dr. Ratnakar Swain of the Department of Civil Engineering at NIT Rourkela discusses energy losses in pipes. [1] Major energy losses are due to friction and are calculated using Darcy's-Weisbach formula or Chezy's formula. [2] Minor energy losses occur due to sudden enlargements, sudden contractions, entrance and exit effects, bends in pipes, obstructions, and pipe fittings. [3] The formulas provided allow calculating the head loss from these various sources based on flow velocity, pipe dimensions, and loss coefficients.

    Original Description:

    19

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Dr. Ratnakar Swain of the Department of Civil Engineering at NIT Rourkela discusses energy losses in pipes. [1] Major energy losses are due to friction and are calculated using Darcy's-Weisbach formula or Chezy's formula. [2] Minor energy losses occur due to sudden enlargements, sudden contractions, entrance and exit effects, bends in pipes, obstructions, and pipe fittings. [3] The formulas provided allow calculating the head loss from these various sources based on flow velocity, pipe dimensions, and loss coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views9 pages

    HE Lecture 19

    Uploaded by

    presidentisc nit-rourkela
    Dr. Ratnakar Swain of the Department of Civil Engineering at NIT Rourkela discusses energy losses in pipes. [1] Major energy losses are due to friction and are calculated using Darcy's-Weisbach formula or Chezy's formula. [2] Minor energy losses occur due to sudden enlargements, sudden contractions, entrance and exit effects, bends in pipes, obstructions, and pipe fittings. [3] The formulas provided allow calculating the head loss from these various sources based on flow velocity, pipe dimensions, and loss coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Dr.

    Ratnakar Swain
    (M. Tech. & Ph.D., IIT KGP)
    Asst. Professor
    Department of Civil Engineering
    NIT Rourkela
    Loss of energy head in pipes

    Sudden
    contraction

     Major energy loss→ Due to friction

     Minor energy loss→ Due to → Sudden enlargement


    → Sudden contraction
    → Entry loss and exit loss
    → Bend in pipe
    → An obstruction in pipe
    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL → Pipe fittings 3
    Major energy losses
    A. Darcy’s - Weisbach Formula:
    Equation of equilibrium:

    Propellers force due to pressure difference


    = frictional resistance

    𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 − 𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨 = 𝒇𝒇′ 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐


    𝑷𝑷 = 𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
    𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 −𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇′
    ⇒ 𝑨𝑨 = 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨
    = 𝑹𝑹 = 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝
    𝒘𝒘 𝒘𝒘 𝑷𝑷

    𝒇𝒇′ 𝑷𝑷 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐′
    ⇒𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 = 𝑳𝑳𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 𝒇𝒇 =
    𝒘𝒘
    = 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
    𝒘𝒘 𝑨𝑨
    𝒗𝒗 = 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐′ 𝟏𝟏 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    ⇒𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 = 𝑳𝑳 ⇒𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 =
    𝒘𝒘 𝑹𝑹 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
    4
    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
    A. Darcy’s - Weisbach Formula:
    𝝅𝝅 𝟐𝟐
    𝑨𝑨 𝟒𝟒 𝑫𝑫 𝑫𝑫
    𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑, 𝑹𝑹 = = =
    𝑷𝑷 𝝅𝝅𝝅𝝅 𝟒𝟒

    𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 = Darcy’s - Weisbach Formula
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

    𝒇𝒇𝟏𝟏 𝑳𝑳𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 = Where f1=Friction factor=4 x Co-efficient of friction (f)=4f
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

    Co-efficient of friction (f)


    𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔
    𝐟𝐟 = (for 𝑹𝑹𝒆𝒆 < 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐, 𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋 𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟)
    𝑹𝑹𝒆𝒆
    𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
    𝐟𝐟 = 𝟏𝟏 (for 𝑹𝑹𝒆𝒆 > 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒, 𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓 𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟𝐟) 5
    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL 𝑹𝑹𝒆𝒆 �𝟒𝟒
    B. Chezy’s Formula
    Equation of equilibrium:

    Propellers force due to pressure difference


    = frictional resistance
    𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 − 𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨 = 𝒇𝒇′ 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝑷𝑷𝟏𝟏 −𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇′
    ⇒ 𝑨𝑨 = 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒘𝒘 𝒘𝒘
    𝑨𝑨
    𝒇𝒇′ 𝑷𝑷 Where, = 𝑹𝑹 = 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦𝐦 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝
    ⇒𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 = 𝑳𝑳𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝑷𝑷
    𝒘𝒘 𝑨𝑨
    𝑾𝑾
    = 𝐂𝐂 = 𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂𝒚𝒚′ 𝐬𝐬 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜
    𝒘𝒘 𝑨𝑨 𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇
    ⇒ 𝒗𝒗 =
    𝒇𝒇′ 𝑷𝑷 𝑳𝑳 𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇
    = 𝒊𝒊 = 𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋𝐋 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 𝐩𝐩𝐩𝐩𝐩𝐩 𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥
    𝑳𝑳

    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL


    ⇒ 𝒗𝒗 = 𝑪𝑪 𝑹𝑹𝒊𝒊 Chezy’s Formula 6
    Minor energy losses

    Sudden Enlargement:
    𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
    𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 − 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟏𝟏 𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
    𝒉𝒉𝒆𝒆 = = 𝟏𝟏 −
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐

    Sudden Contraction:
    𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝑲𝑲
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

    𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
    𝑲𝑲 = 𝒇𝒇 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕
    𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏 7
    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
    Minor energy losses

    Loss of head at entrance of pipe:


    𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒏𝒏 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
    At exit of pipe:
    𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 =
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
    Due to bend in pipe:
    𝑲𝑲 = 𝒇𝒇 𝜽𝜽, 𝒌𝒌/𝑫𝑫, 𝑹𝑹𝒆𝒆
    𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒃𝒃 = 𝑲𝑲
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
    𝒌𝒌/𝑫𝑫 = 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 8
    Due to obstruction:
    𝟐𝟐
    𝑨𝑨 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 = ×
    𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 𝑨𝑨 − 𝒂𝒂 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

    𝑨𝑨 − 𝒂𝒂
    𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 = 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 =
    𝑨𝑨

    In pipe fitting:
    𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
    𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝑲𝑲 𝑲𝑲 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
    𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

    Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL 9

    You might also like