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INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

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Unit(s) Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Assignment title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

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Higher Nationals – Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID
Unit Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Assignment Number 1 Assessor

Date Received
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1st submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.
Pass, Merit & P1 P2 M1 D1
Distinction Descripts
LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions.

Pass, Merit & P3 P4 M2 D2

Distinction Descripts

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods.
Pass, Merit & P5 P6 M3 D3
Distinction Descripts
LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

Pass, Merit & P7 P8 M4 D4

Distinction Descripts

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Assignment Brief

Student Name /ID Number

Unit Number and Title Unit 11 : Maths for Computing

Academic Year 2021/2022

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Importance of Maths in the Field of Computing

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IV Name & Date

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brief. The assignment can either be word-processed or completed in legible handwriting.

If the tasks are completed over multiple pages, ensure that your name and student number are present on
each sheet of paper.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.

LO2 Analyse events using probability theory and probability distributions.

LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods.

LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Activity 01

Part 1

1. A tailor wants to make square shaped towels. The required squared pieces of cloth will
be cut from a ream of cloth which is 20 meters in length and 16 meters in width.
a) Find the minimum number of squared pieces that can be cut from the ream of cloth
without wasting any cloth.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

2. On the first day of the month, 4 customers come to a restaurant. Afterwards, those 4
customers come to the same restaurant once in 2,4,6 and 8 days respectively.
a) On which day of the month, will all the four customers come back to the restaurant
together?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
Part 2

3. Logs are stacked in a pile with 24 logs on the bottom row and 10 on the top row. There
are 15 rows in all with each row having one more log than the one above it.
a) How many logs are in the stack?
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

4. A company is offering a job with a salary of Rs. 50,000.00 for the first year and a 4%
raise each year after that. If that 4% raise continues every year,
a) Find the total amount of money an employee would earn in a 10-years career.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).

Part 3

5. Define the multiplicative inverse in modular arithmetic and identify the multiplicative
inverse of 6 mod 13 while explaining the algorithm used.
 6. Prime numbers are important to many fields. In the computing field also prime numbers
are applied. Provide examples and in detail explain how prime numbers are important in
the field of computing.

Activity 02

Part 1

1. Define ‘Conditional Probability’ with a suitable example.

2. The manager of a supermarket collected the data of 25 customers on a certain date. Out
of them 5 purchased Biscuits, 10 purchased Milk, 8 purchased Fruits, 6 purchased both
Milk and Fruits.
Let B represents the randomly selected customer purchased Biscuits, M represents
the randomly selected customer purchased Milk and F represents the randomly
selected customer purchased Fruits.
Represent the given information in a Venn diagram. Use that Venn diagram to answer
the following questions.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected customer either purchased Biscuits
or Milk.
b) Show that the events “The randomly selected customer purchased Milk” and
“The randomly selected customer purchased Fruits” are independent.

3. Suppose a voter poll is taken in three states. Of the total population of the three states,
45% live in state A, 20% live in state B, and 35% live in state C. In state A, 40% of
voters support the liberal candidate, in state B, 30% of the voters support the liberal
candidate, and in state C, 60% of the voters support the liberal candidate.
Let A represents the event that voter is from state A, B represents the event that voter
is from state B and C represents the event that voter is from state C. Let L represents
the event that a voter supports the liberal candidate.
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter does not support the liberal
candidate and lives in state A.
b) Find the probability that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate.
c) Given that a randomly selected voter supports the liberal candidate, find the
probability that the selected voter is from state B.

4. In a box, there are 4 types [Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Scorpions] of cards. There are 6
 Hearts cards, 7 Clubs cards, 8 Diamonds cards and 5 Scorpions cards in the box. Two
cards are selected randomly without replacement.
a) Find the probability that the both selected cards are Hearts.
b) Find the probability that one card is Clubs and the other card is Diamonds.
c) Find the probability that the both selected cards are from the same type.

Part 2

5. Differentiate between ‘Discrete Random Variable’ and ‘Continuous Random

Variable”.

6. Two fair cubes are rolled. The random variable X represents the difference between the
values of the two cubes.

a) Find the mean of this probability distribution. (i.e. Find E[X] )

b) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
(i.e. Find V[X] and SD[X])
The random variables A and B are defined as follows:
A = X-10 and B = [(1/2)X]-5
c) Show that E[A] and E[B].
d) Find V[A] and V[B].
e) Arnold and Brian play a game using two fair cubes. The cubes are rolled, and
Arnold records his score using the random variable A and Brian uses the random
variable B. They repeat this for a large number of times and compare their scores.
Comment on any likely differences or similarities of their scores.

7. A discrete random variable Y has the following probability distribution.

Y=y 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y=y) 1/3 1/6 1/4 k 1/6
where k is a constant.
a) Find the value of k.
b) Find P(Y≤3).
c) Find P(Y>2).

Part 3
10. The “Titans” cricket team has a winning rate of 75%. The team is planning to play 10
matches in the next season.

a) Let X be the number of matches that will be won by the team. What are the
possible values of X?
b) What is the probability that the team will win exactly 6 matches?
c) What is the probability that the team will lose 2 or less matches?
d) What is the mean number of matches that the team will win?
e) What are the variance and the standard deviation of the number of matches that
the team will win?

11. In a boys’ school, there are 45 students in grade 10. The height of the students was
measured. The mean height of the students was 154 cm and the standard deviation was
2 cm. Alex’s height was 163 cm. Would his height be considered an outlier, if the
height of the students were normally distributed? Explain your answer.

12. The battery life of a certain battery is normally distributed with a mean of 90 days and
a standard deviation of 3 days.
For each of the following questions, construct a normal distribution curve and provide
the answer.
a) About what percent of the products last between 87 and 93 days?
b) About what percent of the products last 84 or less days?
For each of the following questions, use the standard normal table and provide the
answer.
c) About what percent of the products last between 89 and 94 days?
d) About what percent of the products last 95 or more days?

13. In the computing field, there are many applications of Probability theories. Hashing
and Load Balancing are also included to those. Provide an example for an application
of Probability in Hashing and an example for an application of Probability in Load
Balancing. Then, evaluate in detail how Probability is used for each application while
assessing the importance of using Probability to those applications.
Activity 03

Part 1

1. Find the equation (formula) of a circle with radius r and center C(h,k) and if the Center
of a circle is at (3,-1) and a point on the circle is (-2,1) find the formula of the circle.

2. Find the equation (formula) of a sphere with radius r and center C(h, k, l) and show that
x2 + y2 + z2 - 6x + 2y + 8z - 4 = 0 is an equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and
radius.

3. Following figure shows a Parallelogram.

If a=(i+3j-k) , b=(7i-2j+4k), find the area of the Parallelogram.

Part 2

4. If 2x - 4y =3, 5y = (-3)x + 10 are two functions. Evaluate the x, y values using

graphical method.

5. Evaluate the surfaces in R 3 that are represented by the following equations.

i. y = 4
 ii. z = 5

6. Following figure shows a Tetrahedron.

Construct an equation to find the volume of the given Tetrahedron using vector methods
and if the vectors of the Tetrahedron are a=(i+4j-2k) , b=(3i-5j+k) and c=(-4i+3j+6k),
find the volume of the Tetrahedron using the above constructed equation..

Activity 04

Part 1
1. Determine the slope of the following functions.
i. f(x) = 2x – 3x4 + 5x + 8
ii. f(x) = cos(2x) + 4x2 – 3

2. Let the displacement function of a moving object is S(t) = 5t 3 – 3t2 + 6t. What is the
function for the velocity of the object at time t.
Part 2

3. Find the area between the two curves f(x) = 2x2 + 1 and g(x) = 8 – 2x on the interval
(-2) ≤ x ≤ 1 .

4. It is estimated that t years from now the tree plantation of a certain forest will be
increasing at the rate of 3t 2 + 5t + 6 hundred trees per year. Environmentalists have
found that the level of Oxygen in the forest increases at the rate of approximately 4
units per 100 trees. By how much will the Oxygen level in the forest increase during the
next 3 years?

Part 3

5. Sketch the graph of f(x) = x5- 6x3 + 3 by applying differentiation methods for analyzing
where the graph is increasing/decreasing, local maximum/minimum points [Using the
 second derivative test], concave up/down intervals with inflection points.

6. Identify the maximum and minimum points of the function f(x)= 2x 3 - 4x4 + 5x2 by
further differentiation. [i.e Justify your answer using both first derivative test and
second derivative test.]
Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achievement Feedback

(Yes/No)
LO1 : Use applied number theory in practical computing scenarios.

P1 : Calculate the greatest common divisor and least common multiple

of a given pair of numbers.

P2 : Use relevant theory to sum arithmetic and geometric progressions.

M1 : Identify multiplicative inverses in modular arithmetic.

D1 : Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime

numbers within the field of computing.
LO2 : Analyse events using probability theory and
probability distributions.
P3 : Deduce the conditional probability of different events occurring
within independent trials.
P4 : Identify the expectation of an event occurring from a discrete,
random variable.

M2 : Calculate probabilities within both binomially distributed and

normally distributed random variables.

D2 : Evaluate probability theory to an example involving hashing and

load balancing.
LO3 : Determine solutions of graphical examples using
geometry and vector methods.
P5 : Identify simple shapes using co-ordinate geometry.

P6 : Determine shape parameters using appropriate vector methods.

M3 : Evaluate the coordinate system used in programming a simple

output device.
D3 : Construct the scaling of simple shapes that are described by vector
coordinates.
LO4 : Evaluate problems concerning differential and
integral calculus.
P7 : Determine the rate of change within an algebraic function.

P8 : Use integral calculus to solve practical problems involving area.

M4 : Analyse maxima and minima of increasing and decreasing

functions using higher order derivatives.
D4 : Justify, by further differentiation, that a value is a minimum.
Activity 01
Part 01
1.

a) Total of 20 Towels

b) To solve this problem, use the Greatest Common Factor to find the length of one side of a square. Of
which 4 and 5 are not divisible by the same integer. Then there is number two, which is by far the most
common element. Then by multiplying the length and width of the fabric, one side of a square is 4
meters long, the area of the fabric group can be calculated...
Data - Length - 20m, Width -16m
Because the tailor needs square shaped napkins at least
Total area of fabric = length × width
= 20m × 16m
= 320m2
Therefore, the area of square shaped towels,
= 4m × 4m
= 16m2
Total Area
Number of towels =
Single SquareTowel

320 m2
=
20 m2

= 20
2.
a) All four customers come to the restaurant together on the 25th of the month.

b) By multiplication of the prime number factors.

2 2, 4, 6, 8 =2x2x2x3+1
= 25
2 1, 2, 3, 4
2 1, 1, 3, 2
3 1, 1, 3, 1
1 1, 1, 1, 1
 Part 02
3
a) Total number of logs in stock is 255 logs

b) There are 10 rows, each having one additional log than the previous row.
The total of the n groups in a parallel sequence, or an arithmetic progression, was used for solve the
problem.
n
. Sn=∑ a
i=1

n = The number of rows in the table.

a = Represent the number of logs in the top row
1 = The number of logs in the bottom row is represented by this number.

S=
[ n
2
( 2a+ ( n-1 ) d ) ]
15
S=[ (2×10 + (15-1) 1)]
2
15
S=[ (2 + 14) × 1]
2
15
S=[ × 34 × 1]
2
S = [ 15× 17]
S = 255 logs.

Total number of logs in stock is 255 logs

4.
a) An employee can earn Rs.600, 305.35 in 10 years.

b) For 1st year salary =50000 ( )

104 0
100
= 50000 x 1.04(1-1)

= 50000 (
100 )
1
104
For 2nd year salary = 50000 x 1.04(2-1)

= 50000 (
100 )
2
104
For 3rd year salary = 50000 x 1.04 (3-1)
 For nth year salary = 50000 x 1.041(n-1)

For 10 years - S10 = A1 ((1 + r)10) - 1

1 – (1 + r)
50,000 ((1 + 0.04)10) - 1
1 – (1 + r)
50,000 ((1.04)10) - 1
1 – (1 + r)
50,000 (1.4802442849 - 1)
0.04
50,000 (0.4802442849)
0.04
= Rs.600, 305.35

Part 03

5.
The multiplicative inverse occurs when a number is multiplied by the original number and the
result is 1.

The multiplicative inverse of 'a' is a-1 or 1/a. It basically indicates that the product of two integers is
1 and that they multiply in the opposite direction. When the modular multiplicative inverse of an
integer 'p' is another integer 'x', the product px is congruent to 1 in terms of modulus "m." px 1 is
the symbol for it (mod m). m will essentially split px-1 in half.

Furthermore, if GCD (p.m.) =1, the multiplicative inverse of an integer 'p' in terms of modulus 'm'
can exist in modular arithmetic.
 To find the modular inverse for 6 mod 13, we must first compute A * B
mod C for B values 0 through C-1. In this case, A = 6, B = 11, and the
ultimate number is 66, which equals C = 1. The modular inverse, as a result, is 11.

6 x 0 mod 13 = 0
6 x 1 mod 13 = 6
6 x 2 mod 13 = 12
6 x 3 mod 13 = 5
6 x 4 mod 13 = 11
6 x 5 mod 13 = 4
6 x 6 mod 13 = 10
6 x 7 mod 13 = 3
6 x 8 mod 13 = 9
6 x 9 mod 13 = 2
6 x 10 mod 13 = 8
6 x 11 mod 13 = 1

6 mod 13 = 11
The multiplicative inverse is 6 mod 13 is 11.

6. Prime Numbers

What is the Prime Numbers

A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 with only two factors. A prime number cannot be
divided by any other positive integers without leaving a remainder, decimal or fraction.

An example of a prime number is 13. Its only divisors are 1 and 13. Dividing a prime number by another
natural number results in numbers leftover e.g. 13 ÷ 6 = 2 remainder 1.

10 is not an example of a prime number because it can be divided by 5 and 2 as well as by itself and 1.
Importance of Prime Numbers for Computing

An initial integer that can only be divided by one has no divisor. Half of all possible three, four, and five-
digit numbers are necessary, however there is also a prime infinite number. Prime numbers are essential in
the computing world. Prime refers to the entire set of numbers that remains after rewriting the numbers.
When the remaining numbers can no longer be factorized, they are referred to as primes. Modern
computers process cryptography using many primers. Others can see the enormous number that was used
to encrypt the data, and encryption may be used to decode the file using a variety of key factors. Quantum
computers can also quickly find the key component in large quantities, effectively breaking the current
global code. Computers are protected by simple numbers.

Communications are made possible by prime numbers, and most computer cryptography works through
them. The encryption of files also works through prime numbers, not only this. All of these methods use
encryption, whether it is sending your billing information, logging into an account, or even sending an
email.

A prime number is often used in cryptography, and it can be used to generate random numbers in some
cases. A public encryption key is generated by multiplying two large, arbitrary prime numbers to generate
a semi prime, which is the result of RSA encryption.
Activity 02
Part 01
1. Conditional Probability

What is Conditional Probability?

Conditional probability is defined as the likelihood of an event or outcome occurring, based on the
occurrence of a previous event or outcome. Conditional probability is calculated by multiplying the
probability of the preceding event by the updated probability of the succeeding, or conditional, event.
Conditional probability can be contrasted with unconditional probability. Unconditional probability refers
to the likelihood that an event will take place irrespective of whether any other events have taken place or
any other conditions are present.

Conditional Probability Formula

 Example of Conditional Probability

In a group of 90 sports car buyers, 40 bought alarm systems, 30 purchased bucket seats, and 20 purchased
an alarm system and bucket seats. If a car buyer chosen at random bought an alarm system, what is the
probability they also bought bucket seats?

Step 1:
Figure out P (A)
40 = 0.4

Step 2:
Figure out P (A∩B).
This is the intersection of A and B
20 = 0.2

Step 3:
Insert your answers into the formula:
P (B|A) = P(A∩B) / P(A)
= 0.2 / 0.4
= 0.5.

The probability that a buyer bought bucket seats, given that they purchased an alarm system, is 50%.
2.
25
10 8

M 4 6 2 F

B 5

M =Milk biscuits
F = Fruits

5 10
a) P (B∩M) = 25 + 25
15
= 25
3
=5
= 0.6
10 2
b) P(M) = =
25 5
8
P(F) = 25

P(M) P(F) = 5 25
2
(8 )
16
= 125
6 16
P(M∩F) = 25 ≠ 125 P(M) P(F)
3.

40
Library
100
45
A
100
60
Not support
100
20 30
Library
100 100
Population B
70
100% Not support
100
35
100
60
Library
100
C
40
Not support
100

45 60
a) = 100 × 100
9 3
= 20 × 5
27
= 100

= 0.27%
b)

= (100
45
×
40
100 ) +(
20
100
×
30
100 ) +(
35
100
×
100 )
60

= (95 × 110 ) + (15 ×

3
10) (
+
7
20
×
3
5 )
= 0.18 + 0.06 + 0.21
= 0.45
= 0.45 × 100%
= 45%

c)
Conditional probability = P (L | B)
= P(L∩B) / P(B)
( 0.2 × 0.3 )
=
0.45
= 0.1333333…
Therefore,
0.1333 × 100% = 13.333%
= 13%
4.

5
h
25
7
c
25
8
h d
25
6 5
26
s 25

6
h
25
6
c c
25
7 8
d
26 25
5
Cards s 25

8 6
h
26 25
7
c
25
7
d d
25
5 5
26
s 25

6
h
25
7
S c
25
 8
d
25
4
s
25
a)
6 5
The probability that the both selected cards are Hearts = ×
26 25
3
=
65
= 0.04615

b) The probability that one card is Clubs and the other card is Diamonds

=(726 × 825 ) + (826 × 725 )

=( ) +(
25 )
7 4 7 4
× ×
13 25 13
56
=
325
= 0.172307
c) The probability that the both selected cards are from the same type
6
( 5 7
) (
6 8 7 5
) (4
= 26 × 25 + 26 × 25 + 26 × 25 + 26 × 25 ) ( )
= (15325 ) + (21325 ) + (28325 )+ (10325 )
74
=
325
= 0.22769
 Part 02

5. Differentiate between Discrete Random Variable and Continuous Random Variable.

Definition of Discrete Variable

A discrete variable is a type of statistical variable that can assume only fixed number of distinct values and
lacks an inherent order. Also known as a categorical variable, because it has separate, invisible categories.
However no values can exist in-between two categories, i.e. it does not attain all the values within the
limits of the variable. So, the number of permitted values that it can suppose is either finite or countably
infinite. Hence if you are able to count the set of items, then the variable is said to be discrete. (Surbhi,
2017)

Examples for Discrete Variable

 Number of printing mistakes in a book.

 Number of road accidents in Colombo.
 Number of siblings of an individual.

Definition of Continuous Variable

Continuous variable, as the name suggest is a random variable that assumes all the possible values in a
continuum. Simply put, it can take any value within the given range. So, if a variable can take an infinite
and uncountable set of values, then the variable is referred as a continuous variable. A continuous variable
is one that is defined over an interval of values, meaning that it can suppose any values in between the
minimum and maximum value. It can be understood as the function for the interval and for each function,
the range for the variable may vary. (Surbhi, 2017)

Examples for Continuous Variable

 Height of a person
 Age of a person
  Profit earned by the company.

Difference of between a “Discrete Random Variable” and a “Continuous Random variable."

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2
5 4 3 2 1 0 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable

Discrete variable refers to the variable that Continuous variable alludes to the variable
assumes a finite number of isolated values. which assumes infinite number of different
values.
Complete Incomplete

Values are obtained by counting. Values are obtained by measuring.

Distinct or separate values. Any value between the two values.

Non-overlapping Overlapping

6.

x's P(x)
6
0
36
 10
1
36
8
2
36
6
3
36
4
4
36
2
5
36

a) P(x)
µ = ∑ P(x)

(
µ = 0×
6
36) (
+ 1×
10
36
+ 2×) (
8
36
+ 3×
6
36 ) (
+ 4×
4
36) (
+ 5×
2
36 ) ( )
70
µ=
36
35
µ=
18
µ = 1.944444

b)

E(x2) = ∑ x2 × P(x) = 0 × ( 6
36 ) ( ) + ( 4 × 29 ) + (9 × 16 ) +(16 × 19 ) + (25 × 118 )
+ 1×
5
18

x × P(x) = 0 + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) +( ) + ( )
5 8 3 16 25
E(x2) = ∑ 2
18 9 2 9 18

E(x2) = ∑ x2 × P(x) = 5.8333

𝜎 2 = 𝛴 (𝑋 2 × (𝑋) − 𝜇2)
 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
6 2 10 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 2 35
𝜎 2
= 0× + 1 × + 2 × + 3 × + 4 × 5 × −
36 36 36 36 36 36 18

= (1 × ) + (4 × ) + ( 9 × ) + (16 × ) ( 25 × ) −( )
2
10 8 6 4 2 35
𝜎 2
36 36 36 36 36 18

=( )+( )+( )+( )+( )−( )

2
50 32 54 64 50 35
𝜎 2
36 36 36 36 36 18

=( ) -(
324 )
210 1225
𝜎2
36
𝜎 2 = 5.833333333 - 3.780861975
𝜎 2 = 2.05246

𝜎 = √ ( ∑ x2 × P (X ) - µ)
𝜎 = √ 2.05246
𝜎 =1.4326409

c)
E(A) = E(X-10)
E(A) =E(X) -10
E(A) = 1.944444 - 10
E(A) = (- 8.055556)

E(B) = E ((12 ) × X - 5)
E(B) =(12 )× E(X) – 5
E(B) = (( ) × 1.944444) – 5
1
2
E(B) = - 4.027778

Therefore, E (A) and E (B) are (-8.055556) and (-4.027778), respectively.

 d)

𝜎 2 = 𝛴 (𝐴2 × (𝐴) − 𝜇2)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
2 6 2 10 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 2 35
𝜎 2 = -10 × + -9 × + -8 × + -7 × + -6 × -5 × −
36 36 36 36 36 36 18

= ( 100 × ) + ( 81 × ) + ( 64 × ) + ( 49 × ) + ( 36 × ) + ( 25 × ) -( )
2
6 10 8 6 4 2 35
𝜎 2
36 36 36 36 36 36 18

=(
36 ) (36 ) ( 36 ) ( 36 ) ( 36 ) ( 36 ) ( 18 )
2
600 810 512 294 144 50 35
𝜎 2
+ + + + + -

=(
36 ) ( 36 )
2
2410 290
𝜎2 -

=( ) -(
1296 )
86760 84100
𝜎2
1296
𝜎 2 = 66.94444444 – 64.891975309
𝜎 2 = 2.0534

Since the variance of a constant is zero.

V (B) =V [( ) ]
1
2
X-5

( ) V(X) – V (5)
2
1
=
2

= ( ) × 2.053 – 0
1
4
= 0.513

Therefore, V (A) and V (B) are 2.053469 and 0.5131178, respectively.

e)
 When Arnold records his score using a random variable A and Brian uses
the random variable B, then A ∼ Binom (n, p), where n is the number of
times Arnold rolls the pair of fair cubes and p is the probability of success at each of the values that
A can take.
The probability distribution for rolling fair cubes is the Binom (n, p), where n is the number of times
Brian rolls the pair of fair cubes and p is the probability of success at each of the values that the
random variable B can take. The same Binom (n, p), for both fair cubes have the same binomial
distribution with parameters n and p. 

7.
a)
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + k + = P(s)
3 6 4 3 6
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +k+ =1
3 6 4 3 6
4+2+3+2
+k=1
12
11
+k=1
12
11
k=1-
12
1
k=
12
k = 0.0833333
b)
P (Y≤ 3) = “1" /"3” + "1" /"6” + "1" /"4"
P (Y≤ 3) = “4 + 2 + 3" /"12"
P (Y≤ 3) = “9 “/"12"
P (Y≤ 3) = “3 “/"4"
P (Y≤ 3) = 0.75
c)
 P (Y > 2) = "1" /"4” + "1" /"6” + "1" /"12"
P (Y > 2) = "3 + 2 + 1" /"12"
P (Y > 2) = “6" /"12"
P (Y > 2) = "1" /"2"
P (Y > 2) = 0.5

Part 03
10.
a) x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

b) P(x = 6) = n Cx Px (Q)n – x
10
C 6 x (0.75)6 x (1-0.75)10-6
0.145996

c)
P(x = 8) = 10C 8 x (0.75)8 x (1-0.75)10-8
=0.2816
P(x = 9) = 10C 9 x (0.75)9 x (1-0.75)10-9
=0.1877
P(x = 10) = 10C 101 x (0.75)10 x (1-0.75)10-10
=0.0563
P(x ≥ 8) = P(x = 8) + P(x = 4) + P(x = 10)
=0.2816 + 0.1877 + 0.0563
=0.5256
d) E(x) = n x p
=10 x 0.75
 = 7.5
e)
Standard deviation = √ var ( x )
=√ 1.875
=1.3693

11.
Height = 154cm
2cm = SD
A = 163cm

163−154
Alex’s Z core =
2
=4.5

12.

a) Let x ~ n = (90, 9)
Normal distribution
P (87 ≤ x ≤ 93)
87 - 90 93 - 90
=P ≤z≤
3 3
= P (-1 ≤ z ≤ 1)
= 0.841 – 0.159
= 0.682
= 68.2%
81 84 87 93 96 99

b)
% Of items with a shelf life of 84 days or less.
P (84 ≤ x) = P (z ≤ -2)
2
= × 100%
84
50
=
21
= 2.32%