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Answers - Exercise 1 Functions

This document contains a mathematics exercise on functions with two main questions. The first question defines two functions f(x) and g(x) and asks to find their composition fg(x), sketch related graphs, and deduce relationships between the graphs. The second question defines a function f(x)=2x+1 and asks to find higher iterations f^n(x), deduce a general formula for f^n(x), and prove the formula using mathematical induction.

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Michael Myambo
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46 views

Answers - Exercise 1 Functions

This document contains a mathematics exercise on functions with two main questions. The first question defines two functions f(x) and g(x) and asks to find their composition fg(x), sketch related graphs, and deduce relationships between the graphs. The second question defines a function f(x)=2x+1 and asks to find higher iterations f^n(x), deduce a general formula for f^n(x), and prove the formula using mathematical induction.

Uploaded by

Michael Myambo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TROCKERS ONLINE REVISION

Upper 6th TERM 3 2020

Wednesday 04 November 2020

EXERCISE 1: FUNCTIONS

Answers-20 Marks

1. Functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined by


𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑥−3
𝑔(𝑥) = √ + 1, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≥ 𝑝
2

(i) State the value of 𝑝. [1]


𝑝=3
𝑥−3
𝑁𝐵: ≥0
2
𝑥−3≥0
𝑥≥3
(ii) Find 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) and sketch the graph of 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4. [5]
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 2[𝑔(𝑥) − 1]2 + 3
2
𝑥−3
= 2 (√ + 1 − 1) + 3
2

2
𝑥−3
= 2 (√ ) +3
2

𝑥−3
= 2( )+3
2
=𝑥−3+3
=𝑥
𝑦

𝑥
0 4

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© Tarakino N.P. 0772978155/0717267175
(iii) Hence, deduce the relationship between
a) 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥), [1]
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔−1 (𝑥)
𝑁𝐵: 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

b) the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) and the graph of 𝑔(𝑥). [1]


They reflect along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥

(iv) Sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) for 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 11 and clearly state its range. [3]

𝑥−3
𝑔(𝑥) = √ +1
2
𝑦

1
𝑥
0 3 11

Range: 𝑦 ∈ ℝ: 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 3

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ .
(i) Find
a) 𝑓 2 (𝑥), where 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥), [1]
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
⇒ 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥) + 1
= 2(2𝑥 + 1) + 1
= 4𝑥 + 2 + 1
= 4𝑥 + 3

b) 𝑓 3 (𝑥). [1]

𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3
⇒ 𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑓 2 (𝑥)] = 2𝑓(𝑥) + 1
= 2(4𝑥 + 3) + 1
= 8𝑥 + 6 + 1
= 8𝑥 + 7

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© Tarakino N.P. 0772978155/0717267175
(ii) Deduce the result for 𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥). [2]
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 = 21 𝑥 + (21 − 1)
𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 = 22 𝑥 + (22 − 1)
𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 7 = 23 𝑥 + (23 − 1)
⇒ 𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 2𝑛 𝑥 + (2𝑛 − 1)

(iii) Hence, prove by mathematical induction the result in 2(ii). [5]


𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 2𝑛 𝑥 + (2𝑛 − 1)
When 𝑛 = 1:
LHS
𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
RHS
2𝑛 𝑥 + (2𝑛 − 1) = 21 𝑥 + (21 − 1)
= 2𝑥 + (2 − 1)
= 2𝑥 + 1
Since 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆 ÷ the statement holds for 𝑛 = 1

Assuming true for 𝐧 = 𝐤:


𝑓 𝑘 (𝑥) = 2𝑘 𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1)

Then for 𝒏 = 𝒌 + 𝟏:
𝑓 𝑘+1 (𝑥) = 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 1)

Proof
𝑓 𝑘+1 (𝑥) = 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 1)
LHS:
𝑓 𝑘+1 (𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑓 𝑘 (𝑥)]
= 2𝑓 𝑘 (𝑥) + 1
= 2[2𝑘 𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1) ] + 1
= 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 2) + 1
= 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 1) 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
∴The statement holds for 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
Since the statement is true for 𝑛 = 1, 𝑛 = 𝑘 and 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 ∴ by induction the statement
holds for all 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ .
Psalms 145:14-16 ~ Tarakino N.P. (Trockers)

Falling down is an accident. Staying down is a choice Page 3


© Tarakino N.P. 0772978155/0717267175

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