Lecture 6
Lecture 6
1
Constraints of Optical Intensity Channel
In the transmitter with LED or LD, linear portion of the characteristics
is used for linear conversion between the input drive current, x(t) and
the output optical power, Pt(t).
The light detector is a square law device which integrates the square of
the amplitude of the EM radiation and generate the detector current.
Schematic of optical wireless system is shown below [Chadha 2012]
2
The electro-optical conversion at the transmitter can be modeled as
Amp
Pt (t ) mx(t )
-
↳
gain (W/A)
optical
-
W
where m is the optical gain of the device with units of W/A.
-> A/W
3
The value of m and R0 are constant, and we can assume their product to
be unity.
The constraints on the power level leads to non-negativity of constraint
on channel input as
①firstconstraints
The second constraint is that the average transmitted optical power Pt is
limited to P (average power fixed due to eye-safety consideration)
② 2nd constraint: =
mm Jnctds
Linear Time-Varying System Model of the Channel
Let αi(λ,t) be the overall attenuation of the path i from the transmitter to
the receiver at optical wavelength λ and τi(λ,t) their respective delay.
Assume that αi(λ,t) and τi(λ,t) do not depend on λ, but are rather
constant over the waveband once the transmission waveband is selected.
4
I pRx
1
T v-> y(t) x(X,A)x(t) y(t)52i(*)x(t
8(t 7i))
- -
=
=
Y y(t) 5xix(t
ii)
-
-
- =
850nm bi(X,t)
particular window
For
Attenuation and propagation delay are slowly varying function of
wavelength so the assumption is valid.
attenuation of
its
path
By superposition principle,
<
↳ delay of its
path
The impulse response of the baseband equivalent optical channel is
In special case, when the transmitter, receiver and the environment are
all stationary i.e., αi(t) and τi(t) are independent of time. The time-
invariant channel impulse response is
5
The frequency response of the channel is obtained by its Fourier
Transform (FT) and is given by
It is usually appropriate to model the channel h(t) H(f) as fixed since it
changes only when the transmitter or receiver in the terrestrial link or
the objects for the indoor system are moved by tens of centimeters.
6
Channel Transfer Function in Optical Domain
At the optical intensity level, the Optical Transfer Function (OTF) is
defined in terms of spatial frequency (lines per unit width).
Channel OTF is normalized FT of the average light intensity distribution
in the image plane as caused by a point object at the object plane.
The OTF model is as shown below [Chadha 2012]
7
The OTF is defined as follows :
where
S(fx, fy): 2-D FT function of the Point Spreading Function s(x’,y’)
S(0, 0): Maximum value of OTF
(fx , fy): Spatial frequencies in the x and y direction