Lecture Exam 1 – Bio 1210

Dr. Stein

Choose the best answer:

1. Regarding the organizational chart for living systems, organs are composed
of ___________

A. two or more types of organelles

B. multiple macromolecules
C. two or more types of cells
D. two or more types of tissues

2. Necessary life functions include the following except ___________

A. maintaining boundaries
B. energy transformations
C. respond to environmental changes
D. all of these are necessary functions

3. Water accounts for approximately _________percent of our body weight, as

per lecture

A.  10      B.  20          C.  50              D.  75

4. Normal body temperature is at _____ degrees Celsius

A.  97      B.  37          C.  40              D.  98.6

5. The balance or dynamic state of equilibrium in the body is referred to as

_______

A. autonomy
B. homeostasis
C. homogeneity
D. heterogeneity

6. Clotting in a damaged vessel in the bloodstream is an example of

______________.

A. negative feedback
B. positive feedback
C. effector mediated control
D. receptor mediated control
 7. The release of antidiuretic hormone or ADH by the pituitary is an
example of _______________

A. negative feedback
B. positive feedback
C. effector mediated control
D. receptor mediated control

8.   The vital signs are include all of the following except ___________.

A. pulse
B. blood pressure
C. respiration
D. heart rate
E. All of these are correct

Match the anatomical term to the system that it comes from, answers may be
used once, twice or not at all

A.  muscular B. endocrine C nervous D. lymphatic/immune E. digestive

9.. tendon
10. Pituitary gland
11. adrenals
12. duodenum
13. spleen

14. Which of the following structures is the first to demonstrate all of the
properties associated with life, as per lecture?

A. the cell B. Tissues C. mitochondria D. organs

 15. In negative feedback for temperature homeostasis, how is temperature
specifically lowered?

A. perspiration absorbs excess heat

B. generating moisture uses up excess ATP

C. Perspiration evaporates and heat is lost

D. Residual moisture on the skin cools the tissue

16. Which of the following is an emergent property?(answer C, all students

receive a correct score for this question)

A. Cells having multiple shapes

B. Mitochondria having the ability to generate ATP

C. Tendon and ligament composed of bundles of collagen fibers

D. Hydrogen bonds in playing a role in secondary structure of proteins

17. Which of these subatomic components have both charge and measurable
mass?

A. protons
B. protons and neutrons
C. electrons and neutrons
D. Neutrons
E. all of the above

18. In general, the number of _________ is an important determinant in

chemical bonding tendencies of atoms.

A. unpaired electrons in the outermost orbital

B. orbitals
C. neutrons
D. all of these are important to the above
19. The definition of valence or valence number is ______________

A. the number of electrons that must be lost or gained to empty of complete the
outermost orbital
B. the degree of instability associated with an atom
C. the number of orbitals that are filled
D. the total number of electrons less the number of neutrons in an atom
E. the total number of protons less the number of electrons

20. Carbon and hydrogen tend to form _______________ bonds with each other.

A. non polar hydrogen

B. polar hydrogen
C. polar covalent
D. non polar covalent

21. Oppositely charged atoms, that have either lost or gained electrons, often
form ___________ bonds that act via magnetic forces

A. polar covalent
B. non polar covalent
C. hydrogen
D. peptide
E. ionic

22. Hydrogen bonds are usually found when hydrogen is attached to 
_____________

A. Oxygen or sulfur
B. Nitrogen or phosphorus
C. methane and other carbons
D. A & B
E. A, B & C

23. The partial disassociation of water is often referred to as the __________

A. instability of the molecule

B. pH
C. surface tension
D. solvent characteristic E. electron instability
24.  ATP is considered a _________ and a ________________

A. small molecule, nucleotide

B. small molecule, polymer
C. large molecule, nucleotide
D. large molecule, polysaccharide

25. Macromolecules are usually ___________ formed by the process of

_____________

A. polymers, hydrolysis
B. polymers, protein synthesis
C. monomers, hydrolysis
D. polymers, dehydration synthesis E. dimers, dehydration synthesis

26. Which of the following is/are not characteristics of amino acids?

A. A central carbon bonded to four differ things

B. An amino and an acid group on opposite sides of that central carbon
C. R groups that have different composition
D. An OH group bonded to the central carbon
E. All of these are found in amino acids

27. There are ____________ essential amino acids, as per lecture

A. 20
B. 64
C. 8 or 9
D. 12

28. The peptide bond forms between the ____________

A. adjacent R groups
B. unpaired hydrogen electrons
C. adjacent acid units
D. adjacent amino groups
E. adjacent acid and amino groups
29. The secondary structure of a protein or polypeptide can be either
_________ or ________ and is related to _______________formation.

A. globular, fibrous, hydrogen bond

B. globular, fibrous, magnetic attraction and polar to non-polar forces
C. spiral, pleated, hydrogen bond
D. spiral, pleated, magnetic attraction and polar to non-polar forces
E. complex or simple, as determined by whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic

30. When a protein is denatured, the following occurs ____________

A. the primary structure, the amino acid sequence is ultimately degraded

B. the secondary structure remains, not the tertiary or quarternary
C. only free floating amino acids remain
D. varies with the protein or polypeptide affected
E. all structure except the primary, the amino acid sequence, is lost

31. Common table sugar is known as ____________, and it is composed of

____________________.

A. Fructose, sucrose & glucose

B. Sucrose, glucose & fructose
C. Maltose, glucose only
D. Maltose, glucose & fructose
E. None of these answer the question

32. Glucose is an example of a _______________________

A.  hexose
B.  pentose
C.  ribose
D.  disaccharide
E.  A & D

33. Lactose contains which monosaccharides?

A.  glucose only

B.  galactose only
C.  fructose only
D.  glucose and fructose
E.  glucose and galactose
34. Cellulose is an example of  a _______________

A.  complex carbohydrate molecule

B.  non-digestible polysaccharide
C.  alternating glucose and fructose subunits
D.  A & C
E. A & B

35. A nucleotide contains all of the following components except

______________

A.  pentose
B.  phosphate
C.  nitrogen and carbon containing base
D.  hexose
E. covalent bonds

36. High energy bonds, such as those found in ATP are related to
A. that many nucleotides have high energy bonds
B. the extra energy needed to hold similarly charged particles together
C. the energy that is released when any phosphate group is removed from a
compound
D. the combining of adenine and ribose
E. none of these is correct

37. Enzymes, specifically, act by ______________________

A. holding two or more molecules rigidly for them to react

B. contributing additional energy to begin a reaction
C. eliminating energy requirements for a reaction
D. lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

38. Triglycerides are composed of ____________________

A.  a 3 carbon alcohol

B.  3 long chain fatty acids
C.  phosphate groups
D.  A & B
E.  A, B& C
39. When a long chain fatty acid has the maximum number of hydrogens
possible surrounding its carbon atoms, it is known as a ______________-.

A.  saturated fatty acid

B.  unsaturated fatty acid
C.  neutral fatty acid
D.  complex fatty acid
E. lipopolysaccharide

40. A phospholipd consists of _____________________________

A.  a triglyceride that has been additionally attached to a phosphate group

B.  a triglyceride with a phosphate group replacing a fatty acid
C.  a  triglyceride with both a phosphate group and a cholesterol molecule
attached
D.  a phosphate group attached to the acidic site of a long chain fatty acid

41. The phospholipid bilayer is characterized by_______________

A.  hydrophobic groups attracting each other on the outer aspects of the bilayer
B.  hydrophilic groups attracting each other on the interior of the bilayer
C.  Hydrophobic groups on the interior of the phospholipid
D.  acid to base neutralization
E. A & B

Answer the next set of question using the following key: (answers may be used
more than once or not at all)

A. DNA only B. RNA Only C. Both DNA & RNA D. Neither DNA or RNA

Where are the following chemical entities found?

42. Adenine
43. Ribose
44. Uracil
45. Thymine
46. Phosphates
47. Glycerol
48. DNA differs from RNA in which of the following ways?

A. It is double stranded
B. It contains Guanine and Cytosine
C. It has hydrogen bonds securing the strands
D. A and B
E. A and C

49. Which of these is not a kind of RNA?

A. Transfer RNA
B. Ribosomal RNA
C. Messenger RNA
D. All of these are kinds of RNA
E. There is only one kind of RNA

50. Sodium and Potassium have one electron in their outermost orbitals. How
are these substances usually found in nature?

A. cations
B. anions
C. polar covalently bonded
D. non-polar covalently bonded
E. in hydrogen bonds

51. A compound that is physically stable and chemically active when placed
in water best describes a _____________.

A. lipid
B. protein
C. salt
D. nucleotide
E. cellulose

52. The normal pH of the bloodstream is ______________.

A. neutral 7
B. slightly Acidic when metabolically active
C. varies genetically
D. ranges from 7.35 – 7.45
E. none of these is correct
 53. Acids are defined as a substance that cause what to occur in solution?

A. Substance that absorb available protons

B. Substances that lead to a release protons
C. Substances that speed up reactions
D. Substances that lower activation energy

54. The R groups of amino acids significantly impact what aspect of

polypeptide or protein structure, as per lecture?

A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quarternary

55. In DNA, which of the following is not correct

A. Purines have two carbon nitrogen rings

B. Thymine is a pyrimidine
C. Adenine bonds to uracil
D. Guanine bonds to cytosine
E. All of these are correct

Answer the following either A (true) or B (false

____56. Energy transformations are an essential property of living things

____57. There are 20 amino acids all of which are essential

____58. Cholesterol is a fat composed of 3 identical carbon rings

____59 Vitamins and Minerals are both cofactors and needed for enzyme
funciton

____60. Enzymes are catalysts and made of proteins

Use the following key to answer the next set of questions, answers may be used once,
twice or not at all.

A. Enzymatic proteins
B. Cell - Cell Recognition proteins
C. Attachment proteins
D. Channel proteins
E. Signaling proteins

61. Carbohydrates protrude from these proteins and may trigger immune reactions
62. Fibrous proteins frequently link with these proteins and may be found both extra
and intracellularly
63. Water or small charge particles may enter the cell through these passages
64. Ligand is the name we give to these chemicals which vary in compositions that
cause changes in these proteins
65. These proteins structurally modify compounds to enable their entry into cells,
frequently by splitting them into their components