C3-Concrete Mix Design

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
KNS 1451
CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 1
LABORATORY REPORT
Code & Title KNS 1451 Civil Engineering Laboratory 1

Date of Experiment 24 October 2022
Lecturer Prof Madya Dr Mohammad Ibrahim Safawi
Group Group 1E
Group Members 1. Kenny Nolan Anak Daniel 84224
2. Allister Mancha Anak Jackson Bara 82394
3. Daniel Irvine Anak Ritchie 83585
4. Muhammad Khairin Bin Kaslan 82740
5. Sapira Lagin 85604
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. Description Page

1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objective
3.0 Material and Apparatus
4.0 Procedures
5.0 Calculation and Result
6.0 Discussion
7.0 Conclusion
8.0 Appendix
9.0 Reference
Titles
C3- Concrete Design Mix
1.0 Introduction
Concrete mix design is the process of selecting suitable ingredients to produces

concrete and determining their relatives proportion as it involves a process of preparation in
which a mix of ingredients to produce concrete with the required strength and durability for
the structure in an economical way. The compressive strength of the concrete generally
depends upon many factors like the quantity and quality of water, cement and aggregates,
batching and mixing and curing. This is why concrete mix design is important to produce a
concrete. Besides, every ingredient in the mix consists of different properties. The all
ingredients must be tested to determine their physical properties and the bearing capacity of
project location. Water, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and cement are the ingredients that
must be tested. That values after testing will be used as the bests for the concrete mix design
considerations too to make sure the structure will be prevented from failure.
2.0 Objectives
1. To understand and learn about the materials and ingredients used in concrete mix design
and the implication on the workability and strength of concrete.
2. To design concrete mix to a strength at 28 days
3. To calculate and measure the properties of the ingredients needed based on concrete mix
design form.
4.To list the workability and cube strength of the mix design by mixing, casting and crushing
a test cube.
3.0 Apparatus and Materials
a) Mixer
b) Sump test apparatus
c) Compaction factor apparatus
d) Cube and beam/prism mould
e) Compacting rod
f) Trowel
1
4.0 Procedures
1. The concrete mix was prepared using method for designing ordinary concrete mixture.
2. The quantity of cement, sand, coarse aggregates and water needed to till the amount of
specimens (cube and beam/prism) was calculated.
3. The ingredients weighted carefully.
4. The mould prepared and was clean and the inner surface was wiped using grease. All the
mould nuts was tighten.
5. Coarse aggregates mixed together with the sand.
6. The water was poured half and blend with the mix.
7. The cement was put in and the mixture was mixing perfectly. The remaining water was
added and thoroughly blended.
8. The slump test and compacting factor test was did on the fresh concrete.
9. The concrete
2 was put into
2 the mould in 3 layers and each layer was compacted at least 35
times.
10. The next2 day, the concrete
2 was take off from the mould and on the concrete, the mixing
date, tests date and any relevant data on curing was written.
11. The cubes was put inside the curing tank.
5.0 Results
Characteristics strength, fc=25 N /mm2 at 28 days.

Standard Deviation, s ¿ 8 N /mm2
Percentage of defectives, k = 1.28
Margin, M = 1.28 ×8=10.24 N /mm2 / Use nearest value, 10 N /mm2
Target mean strength, fm = characteristic strength (fc) + margin (M)
25 N /mm2 +10 N /mm2=35 N /mm 2
Cement type = OPC
Aggregate type,
Coarse = Crushed
Fine = Uncrushed
Free-Water / cement ratio = 0.64
Use value 0.64
Slump = 10-30mm
Maximum aggregate size = 10mm
Free-water content ¿ 205 kg /m3
2
3
Free−water content 205 kg /m 3
Cement content, C3 : =320 kg /m
Free−water /cement ratio 0.64
Relative density of aggregate (SSD) = 2.7
Concrete density = 2410 kg /m3
Total aggregate content, C4 = Concrete density - Cement content - free water content
3 3 3 3
2410 kg / m −320 kg/m −205 kg /m =1885 kg /m
Grading of fine aggregate = 70% passing 600 µm sieve
Fine aggregate content, C5 = 0.37 ×1885=697 kg /m3
Course aggregate content, C5 = Total aggregate - Fine aggregate content
= 1885 kg / m3 −697 kg /m3=1188 kg /m3
Per trial mix of 0.017 m3
Cement (kg) = 0.017 m3 × 320 kg /m3=5.4 kg /m3
Water (kg or L) = 0.017 m3 × 205 kg / m3=3.5 kg/m3
Fine aggregate (kg) = 0.017 m3 × 695 kg /m3=11.8 kg/m3
Course aggregate (kg) = 0.017 m3 × 1190 kg /m 3=20.2 kg /m3
Type of slump = 10-30mm
Slump distance= 10.4cm
The volume of cube:
150mm × 150mm × 150mm = 3.375 × 10 m
The volume of 3 cubes:
3.375 × 10m × 3 = 0.010 m
The volume of beam/prism:
300mm × 100mm × 100mm = 3x10 m
3
The volume of 1 beam: 3x10 m x 1 = 3x10 m
Total volume = 0.01 m + 3x10 m= 0.013 m
6.0 Discussions
Concrete mix design is a complicated process where is needed to select suitable ingredient to
produce concrete with good standard of strength and durability. From the results, cement
used is OPC type which is 5.4kg/ m3 , water with 3.5kg/m3 , fine aggregates is 11.kg/m3
and course aggregates that used is 20.2kg/m3. The slump height obtained is 10.4 cm, and
total volume from 3 cubes, 0.010m^3 and beam , 5m^3 is 5.010m^3. In this experiment,
amount of water is high factor in production of cement because strength of cement depend
with water amount in cement . Too much water cause the slump collapse or too dry cause
slump become harsh.
7.0 Conclusion
In order to properly mix the water, Portland cement, sand, and stone aggregates for
our concrete mix, we had to follow the right stages and procedures. We also discovered that
adding water to the mix makes the concrete easier to deal with. For the slump test, the
mixture is prepared.
4
8.0 Appendix
5
9.0 References

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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

Code & Title KNS 1451 Civil Engineering Laboratory 1

No. Description Page

3.0 Material and Apparatus

5.0 Calculation and Result

C3- Concrete Design Mix

Concrete mix design is the process of selecting suitable ingredients to produces

3.0 Apparatus and Materials

Characteristics strength, fc=25 N /mm2 at 28 days.

Percentage of defectives, k = 1.28

Margin, M = 1.28 ×8=10.24 N /mm2 / Use nearest value, 10 N /mm2

Target mean strength, fm = characteristic strength (fc) + margin (M)

25 N /mm2 +10 N /mm2=35 N /mm 2

Cement type = OPC

Free-Water / cement ratio = 0.64

Use value 0.64

Maximum aggregate size = 10mm

Free-water content ¿ 205 kg /m3

Relative density of aggregate (SSD) = 2.7

Concrete density = 2410 kg /m3

Grading of fine aggregate = 70% passing 600 µm sieve

Fine aggregate content, C5 = 0.37 ×1885=697 kg /m3

Course aggregate content, C5 = Total aggregate - Fine aggregate content

= 1885 kg / m3 −697 kg /m3=1188 kg /m3

Per trial mix of 0.017 m3

Cement (kg) = 0.017 m3 × 320 kg /m3=5.4 kg /m3

Water (kg or L) = 0.017 m3 × 205 kg / m3=3.5 kg/m3

Fine aggregate (kg) = 0.017 m3 × 695 kg /m3=11.8 kg/m3

Course aggregate (kg) = 0.017 m3 × 1190 kg /m 3=20.2 kg /m3

Type of slump = 10-30mm

Slump distance= 10.4cm

The volume of cube:

150mm × 150mm × 150mm = 3.375 × 10 m

The volume of 3 cubes:

3.375 × 10m × 3 = 0.010 m

The volume of beam/prism:

300mm × 100mm × 100mm = 3x10 m

Total volume = 0.01 m + 3x10 m= 0.013 m

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