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Lesson 2 - Kinematics Part 1

1) Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of motion without considering the causes of motion. It describes how objects move. 2) There are two types of kinematics - translational motion which is motion with a change in position, and rotational motion which is motion as an object rotates. 3) Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to the total length traveled, while displacement is a vector quantity referring to the net change in position from starting point.

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Jonathan Villapana
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32 views

Lesson 2 - Kinematics Part 1

1) Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of motion without considering the causes of motion. It describes how objects move. 2) There are two types of kinematics - translational motion which is motion with a change in position, and rotational motion which is motion as an object rotates. 3) Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to the total length traveled, while displacement is a vector quantity referring to the net change in position from starting point.

Uploaded by

Jonathan Villapana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engr. Jonathan P.

Villapaña
Kinematics
Mechanics Physics

 Branch of physics that


deals with the study of
motion of objects and the Electricity Mechanics Thermodynamics

related concepts of force


and energy
Statics Dynamics
Kinematics – how object
move, pure motion.
Kinematics
Kinetics – why object
move, motion due to
applied force Kinetics
Kinematics
Rotational Motion – motion as an Kinematics
object rotate
Translational Motion – Motion in Rotational Translational
which all points of a moving body Motion Motion
move uniformly in one point to
another Curvilinear
Rectilinear Motion – object moves Motion
in straight-line path.
Curvilinear Motion object moves Rectilinear
in curve path. Motion
Distance vs. Displacement
Distance is defined to
be the magnitude or
size of displacement
between two positions.

Displacement is
described in terms of
direction, change in
position
𝐸𝑞. 1
Problem
A cyclist rides 3km west and then turns around and rides 2km east. (a) What is her displacement?
(b) what distance does she ride? (c) What is the magnitude of her displacement?
Speed vs. Velocity
Speed is a scalar quantity. If object takes a time interval t
to travel a distance d, then,

Velocity is vector quantity. If an object undergoes a


vector displacement x in a time interval t.
Problem
A commuter Jeep travel from Tacloban to Carigara, and back in 1 hour and 45
minutes. The distance between the two station is approximately 40 miles. What is
(a) the average velocity of the jeep? (b) the average speed of the jeep in m/s.
a. Average velocity is equal to ZERO.
b. 20.44m/s

20.44m/s
Acceleration
Acceleration - measures the rate of change of the velocity.
Acceleration
Problem
A racehorse coming out of the gate accelerates from rest to a velocity of 15.0
m/s due west in 1.80 s. What is its average acceleration?

Solution:
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
A motion with constant change in velocity or of
uniform acceleration:

𝑬𝒒. 𝟒 𝑬𝒒. 𝟔

𝑬𝒒. 𝟓
𝑬𝒒. 𝟕
Problem
A manned rocket accelerates at a rate of 20 m/ during launch. How long
does it take the rocket reach a velocity of 400 m/s?
Falling Bodies
A free-falling object is an object that is falling under the
sole influence of gravity. Any object that is being acted
upon only by the force of gravity is said to be in a state
of free fall.
Falling Bodies
Formulas : 𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝒎/𝒔^𝟐

𝑬𝒒. 𝟖 𝑬𝒒. 𝟏𝟎

𝑬𝒒. 𝟗
𝑬𝒒. 𝟏𝟏
Problem
A chunk of ice breaks off a glacier and falls 30.0 meters before it hits the
water. Assuming it falls freely (there is no air resistance), how long does it
take to hit the water?
Graphical Analysis of Linear Motion

1. Displacement vs. Time (a = 0,


so v is constant)
2. Velocity vs. Time (a is
constant but a ≠ 0)
Displacement vs. Time
If we get the Slope of the line, we can get the velocity of the object.
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑
Δ𝑥
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
Δ𝑡
Δ𝑥
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
Δ𝑥 Δ𝑡

Δ𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝐹(𝑥)
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
Displacement vs. Time
The position of the bike from rest increases by 4 m every second. Find the velocity of the bike.

Δ𝑥
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
Δ𝑡

12𝑚 − 4𝑚
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = +4𝑚/𝑠
3 sec −1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Velocity vs. Time
If we get the Slope of the line, we can get the acceleration of the object.

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑
Δ𝑥
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
Δ𝑡
Δ𝑣
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
Δ𝑡

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝐹(𝑥)
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
Velocity vs. Time Graph
A bicyclist maintains a constant velocity on the outgoing leg of a trip, zero velocity while stopped, and another
constant velocity on the way back. shows the corresponding position-time graph. Using the time and position
intervals indicated in the drawing, obtain the velocities for each segment of the trip.

Δ𝑥
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
Δ𝑡

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