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    Process Optimization of Lipid Extraction From Microalgae Aphanothece

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    ajithjkings
    This study optimized the process of extracting lipids from the microalgae Aphanothece halophytica for biofuel production. Mass cultivation of A. halophytica was performed in raceway ponds using organic and inorganic nutrients. An organic flocculant was used to harvest the biomass. Lipid extraction was done using solvents. The maximum lipid yield of 29.3% on a wet basis and 27.5% on a dry basis was obtained by maintaining reaction conditions of 68°C, 190 minutes, biomass:solvent ratio of 9:1 or 12:1, and mixing at 300 rpm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on the extracted lipids.

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    Process Optimization of Lipid Extraction From Microalgae Aphanothece

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    ajithjkings
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    This study optimized the process of extracting lipids from the microalgae Aphanothece halophytica for biofuel production. Mass cultivation of A. halophytica was performed in raceway ponds using organic and inorganic nutrients. An organic flocculant was used to harvest the biomass. Lipid extraction was done using solvents. The maximum lipid yield of 29.3% on a wet basis and 27.5% on a dry basis was obtained by maintaining reaction conditions of 68°C, 190 minutes, biomass:solvent ratio of 9:1 or 12:1, and mixing at 300 rpm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on the extracted lipids.

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    This study optimized the process of extracting lipids from the microalgae Aphanothece halophytica for biofuel production. Mass cultivation of A. halophytica was performed in raceway ponds using organic and inorganic nutrients. An organic flocculant was used to harvest the biomass. Lipid extraction was done using solvents. The maximum lipid yield of 29.3% on a wet basis and 27.5% on a dry basis was obtained by maintaining reaction conditions of 68°C, 190 minutes, biomass:solvent ratio of 9:1 or 12:1, and mixing at 300 rpm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on the extracted lipids.

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    17 views1 page

    Process Optimization of Lipid Extraction From Microalgae Aphanothece

    Uploaded by

    ajithjkings
    This study optimized the process of extracting lipids from the microalgae Aphanothece halophytica for biofuel production. Mass cultivation of A. halophytica was performed in raceway ponds using organic and inorganic nutrients. An organic flocculant was used to harvest the biomass. Lipid extraction was done using solvents. The maximum lipid yield of 29.3% on a wet basis and 27.5% on a dry basis was obtained by maintaining reaction conditions of 68°C, 190 minutes, biomass:solvent ratio of 9:1 or 12:1, and mixing at 300 rpm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on the extracted lipids.

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    of 1

    BioEnergy Research

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10464-8

    Process Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Microalgae Aphanothece


    halophytica in Wet and Dry Conditions
    L. R. Monisha Miriam1 · Ajith J. Kings2 · R. Edwin Raj3 · K. Prakash Shyam4 · M. Adhi Viswanathan5

    Received: 20 October 2021 / Accepted: 26 April 2022


    © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022

    Abstract
    Unearthing new sustainable and economically viable sources for biofuel production which do not affect the environment is
    a dire need of the hour. Microalgae is one such promising source due to its high lipid content, productivity, and carbon neu-
    trality. Identification of appropriate strain and process optimization decides the biomass productivity, nutrient value, and oil
    content which are the major factors for commercialization. In the present work, mass cultivation of halophilic Aphanothece
    halophytica in raceway ponds was optimized by using organic and inorganic nutrients by using design of experiments.
    Organic flocculant, neem plus was successfully adapted for harvesting the biomass and oil extraction was done with solvent
    methodology. A maximum lipid yield of 29.3% was obtained on wet basis, when the reaction temperature, reaction time,
    biomass-to-solvent ratio and mixing intensity were kept at 68 ºC, 190 min, 9:1, and 300 rpm respectively. Similarly, on dry
    basis, a lipid yield of 27.5% was reported when the reaction temperature, reaction time, biomass-to-solvent ratio and mix-
    ing intensity were maintained at 68 ºC, 190 min, 12:1, and 300 rpm respectively. GC–MS analysis of the lipid was done to
    appropriate the combination of fatty acid for enhancing the biofuel production.

    Keywords  Microalgae · Optimization · Oil extraction · Dry basis · Wet basis

    Introduction bodies. Additionally, they do not compete with food feed-


    stocks [1]. Despite many advantages, there are challenges
    Increasing fuel cost, depleting crude oil reserves, and envi- in utilizing them as a fuel source. Energy reduction and
    ronmental degradation associated with conventional fuels recovery are the necessary footsteps to enhance the sustain-
    urge the researchers to search for an alternative, clean, ability and improve the economic competitiveness. Releas-
    renewable, and sustainable biofuel. Microalgae are one of ing the lipids from the microalgal cell wall is a major and
    the promising alternatives to conventional fuel owing to tricky step in the extraction process [2]. Usually, for lipid
    its high lipid content and productivity. Microalgae has a extraction, microalgal biomass was subjected to mechanical
    very fast growth rate and can be cultivated in unused water pressing and organic solvents. In mechanical pressing, the
    yield of oil depends on the extraction technique employed
    such as screw / piston press, extruder and expander, and pul-
    * Ajith J. Kings
    ajith@sxcce.edu.in verization using mortar [3]. The organic solvent extraction
    employs ‘like dissolving like’ concept of basic chemistry to
    1
    Department of Biotechnology, Udaya School of Engineering, extract lipid from microalgae using solvents [4].
    Vellamodi 629204, India In the cell membrane of microalgae, neutral lipids are
    2
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic found as a complex with polar lipids and are strongly linked
    College of Engineering, Nagercoil 629003, India with the proteins through hydrogen bonds. Ideal solvent
    3
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Rail must be highly specific and volatile in order to ensure low
    and Transportation Institute, NAIR Campus, Lalbaug, energy distillation for extracting lipid from the solvent [5].
    Vadodara 390 004, India
    The polar solvents used are methanol, ethanol, acetone,
    4
    Research and Development Division, VVD and Sons Private ethyl acetate, and 2-propanol. Similarly, the non-polar sol-
    Limited, Thoothukudi 628003, India
    vents used for lipid extraction from microalgae biomass
    5
    Pinnacle Biosciences, Algae Research and Development include hexane, benzene, toluene, diethylether, chloroform,
    Center, South Thamaraikulam 629708, India

    13
    Vol.:(0123456789)

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