End of Unit Test

SB5 Higher

Name Class Date

1 The daily diet of an adult male should provide around 2500 kcal of energy in order to stay healthy.
It is recommended that the energy consumed in food is made up of:
4 parts carbohydrate : 3 parts protein : 3 parts fat
a Calculate the number of calories in the daily diet of an adult male that should come from protein.

number of calories from protein = ____________________ kcal

(2)
b Figure 1 shows the lifestyle choices of two adult males, X and Y.

Typical daily diet

Typical daily
Energy Carbohydrate (g) Protein (g) Fat (g) exercise (hours)
(kcal)

Male X 2600 540 37 140 0.25

Male Y 2650 310 60 90 2.5

Figure 1
State and explain which male has made lifestyle choices that are more likely to increase his risk of
heart disease.

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(3)
(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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SB5 Higher

2 Immunisation is a method used to prevent disease.

a Explain how vaccination can reduce your risk of catching a disease, even if you have not been
vaccinated against the disease.

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(3)
b Antibiotics are drugs used to treat certain diseases.
State one reason for carrying out preclinical testing during the development of new antibiotics.

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c Figure 2 gives information about the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating two different diseases.

Disease Antibiotics effective in treating disease?

Whooping cough yes

Sinus infection sometimes

Figure 2
i Explain how antibiotics work to treat whooping cough.

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(2)

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ii Suggest an explanation for why antibiotics are only sometimes effective in treating a sinus infection.

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(2)
(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

3 The World Health Organization defines health as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being'.
a Which of the following is the best definition of mental well-being?
Tick one box.

A taking medication prescribed by a doctor to treat a mental illness 

B not taking drugs or drinking alcohol

C having a busy social life and a good job

D feeling positive about yourself and being able to cope with stress

(1)
b Pathogens cause diseases that lead to ill health.
i Which row of Figure 3 gives correct information about diseases caused by pathogens?
Tick one box only.

Disease Pathogen Symptom of How the How spread of

that causes the disease pathogen is pathogen is
the disease spread reduced

stomach bacteria skin rash by eating infected wash hands before

A
ulcers food handling food

malaria protist coughing by an animal immunisation

B
vector

ebola virus internal bleeding through body full body protection

C
fluids

tuberculosis bacteria coughing up through water taking antibiotics

D
blood

Figure 3
(1)

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ii Explain why the spread of chlamydia can be reduced by using a condom.

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(2)
(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

4 Figure 4 shows the results of an investigation into the effectiveness of three antibiotics at preventing the
growth of bacteria.

Figure 4 (not to scale)

a The area of a circle is found using πr2, where r is the radius.
The clear zone around antibiotic disc C in Figure 4 is 11 mm wide.
Calculate the area of the clear zone around disc C.

area = mm2
(2)
b Explain how the area of each clear zone can be used to compare the effectiveness of the antibiotics.

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(2)

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SB5 Higher

c The following steps are taken from the method used to grow the bacteria on the Petri dish in Figure 4:
● Pass an inoculating loop through a Bunsen flame.
● Lift lid of Petri dish a little way and use the inoculating loop to spread the culture across the agar,
using a side-to-side motion. Close the lid.
i State why the inoculating loop is passed through a Bunsen flame.

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(1)
ii State why the lid of the Petri dish must be lifted only a little way.

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(1)
(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

5 The coronary arteries deliver blood to heart muscle cells.

a Figure 5 shows the average coronary blood flow per minute for two groups of volunteers.
Group 1 is made up of ten volunteers who do not smoke cigarettes.
Group 2 is made up of ten volunteers who do smoke cigarettes.

Coronary blood flow (cm3/min)

Group
At rest During exercise
1 0.90 3.37
2 0.93 2.22

Figure 5
i When Group 1 volunteers exercise their blood flow increases by 274%.
Calculate the percentage increase in coronary blood flow for the Group 2 volunteers.

percentage increase in coronary blood flow = ________________ %

(2)
ii Suggest an explanation for why the coronary blood flow at rest is slightly higher in Group 2.

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(2)

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b Fatty deposits can build up in the coronary arteries.

These fatty deposits can increase the risk of heart disease.
A heart bypass is one method used to treat heart disease.
Lifestyle changes, such as giving up smoking, can also be used to treat coronary heart disease.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of heart bypass surgery and a lifestyle change in the
treatment of coronary heart disease.

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(4)
(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

6 a Plants have physical and chemical defences to help prevent infection.

Which of the following is a correct example of a chemical plant defence?
Tick one box.

A laurel leaves have a thick, waxy cuticle 

B many trees have a thick layer of bark

C foxgloves contain a poison that affects the heart

D fungal pathogens of plants release enzymes to soften cell walls

(1)
b Many plant diseases are caused by viruses that invade plant cells.
Describe one difference between the lytic and lysogenic life cycle of a virus.

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(2)
(Total for Question 6 = 3 marks)

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SB5 Higher

7 Monoclonal antibodies can be produced to help treat disease.

Explain how the production of monoclonal antibodies can be used in the treatment of cancer.

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(6)
(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 40 MARKS

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