CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023

TOPIC 3: WEEK 4

Module 2: Solution of some First Ordered Differential Equation

INTRODUCTION

This module intends to discuss the different types of solution for First Ordered Differential Equation. Students
must also must apply their basic knowledge in differential and integral calculus, as long as the law of exponents
and etc. This chapter will cover the topics for week 3 to week 7.

LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Discuss and illustrate how to solve the homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients.

LEARNING CONTENT

Topic No. 3/4TH Week: Solution of First Order Differential Equation: Homogeneous Differential Equation

Solution of First Order Differential Equation

HOMOGENEUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Second Method of the of solving ordinary First-ordered Differential Equations. Polynomials are said to be
homogeneous if all terms are of the same degree, such as.
2 2
x −3 xy +4 y
3 3 Homogeneous
x +y
2 5 polynomials
x y +7 y
A. Homogeneous Functions

The function f (x, y) is said to be homogenous of degree n if there exists a constant n such that for every
quantity r (whether a constant or a variable).
Let: f ( x , y )=M ( x , y ) dx + N ( x , y ) dy=0
f (rx , ry)=r n f (x , y)

Example: Solve the ff equation and determine the degree.

a. x +3 y=0
Solution:
f ( x , y )=x +3 y
f (rx , ry)=rx +3 ry
therefore, x+ 3y=0 is homogeneous and its degree is 1
2 2
b. 5 x + 6 y =0
Solution:
f (x , y )=5 x 2+6 y 2
f (rx , ry)=5 ¿
f (rx , ry)=5 r 2 x 2+ 6 r 2 y2
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 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 3: WEEK 4

f (rx , ry)=r 2 f (x , y )
2 2
therefore, 5 x +6 y =0 is homogeneous and its degree is 2

B. Homogeneous Differential Equation

A first order Differential Equation is Homogeneous when it can be in this form:
dy
=F( y x)
dx
a. Standard Form
M ( x , y ) dx+ N ( X , y ) dy=0
b. General Solution:
Substitute y=vx or x=uy and the resulting DE becomes a variable separation type.
dy d (vx ) dx dv
And = =v + x  (by the Product Rule)
dx dx dx dx
dy dv
Which can be simplified to  =v + x  
dx dx
dy dv
Using  y=vx  and  =v + x  we can solve the Differential Equation.
dx dx
y
v=
x
Example:
dy x 2 + y 2
1. Solve =  
dx xy
Solution:

( )
−1
x2 y2 x y y y
Separate the terms:  + →  + → +
xy xy y x x x

()
−1
dy y y
= +
dx x x
dv −1 dv −1
v+ x =v + v → x =v
dx dx
dv 1 1 1
x = ; → vdv = dx →∫ vdv=∫ dx
dx v x x
2
v
=ln x +C , make C=ln k
2
v=± √ 2 ln x +ln k
y
v=± √ 2 ln(kx) then substitute v=
x
dy y ( x − y)
2. Solve =  
dx x
2

Solution:

()
yx y 2
Separate the terms: 2  - 2 →  -
x x
y y 2
x x

()
2
dy y y
=  -
dx x x

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 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 3: WEEK 4
dv 2 dv 2
v+ x =v−v → x =−v
dx dx
2
x −v 1 1 −1 1
= ; →− 2 dv= dx →∫ 2 dv=∫ dx
dx dv v x v x
1
=ln x +C , make C=ln k
v
1 1 1
=ln x +ln k → =ln (kx ) → v= Substitute v= y / x
v v ln (kx )
x
y=
ln (kx)

Teaching and Learning Activities

A. Determine in each exercise whether or not the function is homogeneous. If Homogeneous, state the
degree of the function.
1. 4 x2 −3 xy + 4 y 2
2. x 3−xy + y 3
3. √ x 2+ y 2
4. √ x 9+ y 2
5. tan x
B. Solve the following equation.
1. 3(3 x 2 + y 2) dx−2 xydy=0
2. x 2 y ' =4 x 2 +7 x +2 y 2

Recommended Learning Materials and Resources for Supplementary Reading.

Struthers A. and Potter M., 2019, Differential Equation: For Scientist and Engineers 2 nd Edition,
Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Strang G., 2014, Differential Equations and Linear Algebra 1 st Edition, Department of
Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Wellesley - Cambridge Press
Nagle, Kent R., Saff, E.B., Snider, David A., 2014, Fundamentals of Differential Equations 8 th
edition, Pearson Education Limited
https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/differential-equations-second-order.html
https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/differential-equations-bernoulli.html

Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM)adopted

Asynchronous (Module reading before discussion)- Module Uploaded Via Google Classroom
Synchronous Discussion thru Google Meet

Assessment Task
Perform TLA as Seatwork
Solve the following.

References

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Effectivity: August 1, 2020 ENGR. CHEZANIE MIYA S. ASUNCION _CE DEPT.
 CE 211_ DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
1ST SEMESTER 2022-2023
TOPIC 3: WEEK 4
Struthers A. and Potter M., 2019, Differential Equation: For Scientist and Engineers 2 nd Edition, Springer
Nature Switzerland AG.
Strang G., 2014, Differential Equations and Linear Algebra 1 st Edition, Department of Mathematics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Wellesley - Cambridge Press
Nagle, Kent R., Saff, E.B., Snider, David A., 2014, Fundamentals of Differential Equations 8 th edition,
Pearson Education Limited

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Effectivity: August 1, 2020 ENGR. CHEZANIE MIYA S. ASUNCION _CE DEPT.