Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 11 views

    3.5 - Genetic Modification and Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    Julieta vazquez
    Genetic modification and biotechnology techniques allow for the manipulation of DNA and genes. Key techniques include gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene transfer. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA or protein fragments by size using an electric current through a gel. PCR artificially replicates DNA sequences. Gene transfer techniques like transfection introduce foreign genes into organisms using vectors like plasmids. These techniques enable applications such as producing genetically modified organisms, DNA profiling for forensics, and cloning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    3.5 - Genetic Modification and Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    Julieta vazquez
    11 views5 pages
    Genetic modification and biotechnology techniques allow for the manipulation of DNA and genes. Key techniques include gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene transfer. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA or protein fragments by size using an electric current through a gel. PCR artificially replicates DNA sequences. Gene transfer techniques like transfection introduce foreign genes into organisms using vectors like plasmids. These techniques enable applications such as producing genetically modified organisms, DNA profiling for forensics, and cloning.

    Original Title

    3.5 - Genetic modification and Biotechnology

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Genetic modification and biotechnology techniques allow for the manipulation of DNA and genes. Key techniques include gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene transfer. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA or protein fragments by size using an electric current through a gel. PCR artificially replicates DNA sequences. Gene transfer techniques like transfection introduce foreign genes into organisms using vectors like plasmids. These techniques enable applications such as producing genetically modified organisms, DNA profiling for forensics, and cloning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views5 pages

    3.5 - Genetic Modification and Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    Julieta vazquez
    Genetic modification and biotechnology techniques allow for the manipulation of DNA and genes. Key techniques include gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene transfer. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA or protein fragments by size using an electric current through a gel. PCR artificially replicates DNA sequences. Gene transfer techniques like transfection introduce foreign genes into organisms using vectors like plasmids. These techniques enable applications such as producing genetically modified organisms, DNA profiling for forensics, and cloning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    3 5 Genetic Modification Gelelectrophoresis 10

    Lab technique used to separate and isolate


    and Biotechnology protein or DNA
    fragments into mass size
    sampler are placed in block ofget and an electric
    Polymerase chain reaction V 1 current is
    applied sampler move through gel
    PCR artificial method for DNA replication small sampler move fatter samplerseparate by size
    mass
    stages 1
    Agarre Gel Electrophoresis DNA
    1 Denaturation DNA sample is heated to DNA is cut into fragments by restriction endonuclease
    be separated into 2 strands enzyme separating them into diff lengths
    2 DNA primers attach DNA sampler are placed in agarre get and fragment
    Annealing
    3 Elongation
    Taq Cheat tolerant DNA size is calculated
    polymerase binds to primer and copier strand southern blotting specific sequencer are identified by
    radio labelling then transferring them to a membrane to vinalize via
    auto radiography in 3 2

    2
    Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Protein
    Proteins are treated with anionic detergent SDS linearise and make a
    uniform negative charge
    protein sampler are placed in polyacrylamide gel and sizes are compared
    western Blotting separated proteins are transferred into membrane and target
    protein are identified with specific monoclonal antibodies
    DNA profiling IV 3 Gene Transfertgere modification V4
    Technique by which individuals are identified and Gere determines specific trait by encoding in a
    compared via their DNA profiler protein
    In non coding DNA regions DNA not activated by since genetic code is Almost universal an organism
    body satellite DNA made of STR's con express a new trait if appropriate gene is induced
    people have dif STR repetition this creates Newly genetic modified organism transgenic
    unique DNA profile
    vector D NA
    Steps A 1 molecule wed to
    DNA sample blood saliva semen is taken and carry intrez gene
    amplified by PCR into foreign cell
    satellite DNA is Cut with restriction enzymes o Ex plasmids vives
    generate fragments separated by gel electro
    profiles are compared Process A 2
    Forensics murder weapon matches killer 1
    Isolating gene and vector
    Paternity test fragments from child are Gene of interest is amplified via PCR
    either from mom or dad Vector wed Bacterial plasmids 13.2 autonomos
    5 2 el f replication and
    expresio es

    aman

    amo
    2 Digestion with restriction enzymes Selection and expression
    TO incorporate rector into gere both matte cat with Recomb construct is introduced into into organism
    restriction enzymes at recognition sites plasmid vector contain antibiotic resistance gene only
    Restriction enzymes cut the DNA to make blunt transgenic cells will grow new gene will start expressing
    or sticky ends better
    GMO Debate A 3
    amo genetically modified organism
    AMO s are beneficial and
    harmful to
    Human health
    Agriculture
    Environment

    3 Ligationof rector and INEA


    Gene is inserted into plasmid rector
    that her been cut with same retriction
    endonuclease enzyme clones U s
    sticky end of gene and vector overlap clones genetically identical organisms group of cells derived from single
    by complementary bare pairing clones asexual reproduction
    parent cell
    Gene and vector ave ligared by sexual reproduction identical twin
    DNA ligare enzyme to clone multicellular organisms
    stem cells somatic cell Nuclear Transfer SINT
    requires

    SCNT method which cloned embryos con be produced


    by wing
    differentiated adult cells

    recombinant construct
    Cloned embryos via MNT A 4 3 Fragmentation starfish annelid worm
    somatic cells are removed from adult and cultured New organism grow from separated fragment of parent
    Un fertilised
    egg is removed from adult female its organism
    haploid nuclear is removed e nucleated
    egg cell
    E c c is fired with adult donor nuclear diploid with 4 Parthenogenesis Irme insects fin reptiles amphibians
    donor DNA Embryos formed from un fertilised egg
    An electric current stimulates the egg to develop
    into an embryo implanted into surrogate and
    will grow into adult donor genetic clone

    plant cloning method


    plants have capacity of vegetative propagation small
    pieces con be induced to grow independently
    Natural Cloning v 6
    Species with asexual reproduction natural All roots and shoots are capable of L
    bacteria fungi some plants animals cloning garlic onion bulbs underground stems runner
    some plants reproduce asexually via pores
    Animal cloning methods algae fem
    1 Binary fission bacteria protists
    parent organism divider equally in 2 2 genetically
    identical daughter
    2 Budding
    year
    cells split from parent organism smaller
    daughter organism which split from parent
    Human cloning method
    Identical twin monozygotic Zygote splits into 2
    identical cells
    Non identical twin dizygotic un fertilised
    egg
    splits into 2 cells

    stem cutting 5 1
    separated portion of plant cell that
    regrow into an independent clone
    This is a common method to
    rapidly
    propagate plant species

    You might also like