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    Sampling BRM For

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    22MBA320-KOLANCHIYAMMAL R MBA
    Sampling is a process used in business research to select a subset of individuals or entities from a larger population that is representative of the population. There are two main types of sampling methods: probability sampling, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where some members may be more likely to be selected than others. Some common sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Careful consideration must be given to selecting the appropriate sampling method and sample size to ensure generalizable results.

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    Sampling BRM For

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    22MBA320-KOLANCHIYAMMAL R MBA
    16 views5 pages
    Sampling is a process used in business research to select a subset of individuals or entities from a larger population that is representative of the population. There are two main types of sampling methods: probability sampling, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where some members may be more likely to be selected than others. Some common sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Careful consideration must be given to selecting the appropriate sampling method and sample size to ensure generalizable results.

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    Sampling is a process used in business research to select a subset of individuals or entities from a larger population that is representative of the population. There are two main types of sampling methods: probability sampling, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where some members may be more likely to be selected than others. Some common sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Careful consideration must be given to selecting the appropriate sampling method and sample size to ensure generalizable results.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views5 pages

    Sampling BRM For

    Uploaded by

    22MBA320-KOLANCHIYAMMAL R MBA
    Sampling is a process used in business research to select a subset of individuals or entities from a larger population that is representative of the population. There are two main types of sampling methods: probability sampling, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and non-probability sampling, where some members may be more likely to be selected than others. Some common sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Careful consideration must be given to selecting the appropriate sampling method and sample size to ensure generalizable results.

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    of 5

    In business research, sampling refers to the process of selecting a subset of individuals or entities

    from a larger population that is representative of the population as a whole. Sampling is an


    essential aspect of research methodology as it allows researchers to gather data that is both
    accurate and reliable, while also minimizing costs and time involved in data collection.
    There are several sampling methods used in business research, including:
    Probability Sampling: Probability sampling is a method that involves selecting individuals or
    entities from a population using a random process. This ensures that every member of the
    population has an equal chance of being selected, and that the sample is representative of the
    population. Some common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling,
    stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling.
    Non-Probability Sampling: Non-probability sampling is a method that involves selecting
    individuals or entities from a population using a non-random process. This means that some
    members of the population may have a higher chance of being selected than others, which can
    affect the representativeness of the sample. Some common non-probability sampling methods
    include convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling.
    Quota Sampling: Quota sampling is a method that involves selecting individuals or entities from
    a population based on specific characteristics or quotas. For example, if a researcher wanted to
    sample a population based on age and gender, they would set quotas for each group and select
    individuals to meet those quotas.
    Cluster Sampling: Cluster sampling is a method that involves selecting groups or clusters of
    individuals or entities from a population, rather than selecting individual members. This method
    is often used when the population is geographically dispersed, and it can be more cost-effective
    than other sampling methods.
    In conclusion, sampling is an important aspect of business research, and researchers must
    carefully consider the sampling method that best fits their research objectives, population size,
    and available resources. By selecting a representative sample, researchers can gather data that
    accurately reflects the population, which can lead to more accurate and reliable research
    findings.

    Types of probability sampling


    Simple Random Sampling: Simple random sampling is a basic probability sampling method
    where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This
    method involves selecting individuals randomly from the population without any bias, making it
    an unbiased method of sampling.

    Systematic Sampling: Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method where the


    researcher selects a random starting point from the population and then selects every nth
    individual from the population to be included in the sample. This method is useful when the
    population is too large to select individuals randomly.
    Stratified Sampling: Stratified sampling is a probability sampling method where the population is
    divided into homogeneous subgroups or strata based on a characteristic of interest. Then, a
    simple random sample is drawn from each stratum. This method ensures that the sample is
    representative of the entire population.

    Cluster Sampling: Cluster sampling is a probability sampling method where the population is
    divided into clusters, and a random sample of clusters is selected. The researcher then collects
    data from all members of the selected clusters. This method is useful when the population is
    dispersed geographically.

    Types of non-probability sampling


    Convenience Sampling: Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where the
    researcher selects individuals who are most easily accessible or convenient to the researcher.
    This method is often used when time and resources are limited.

    Purposive Sampling: Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method where the


    researcher selects individuals based on specific characteristics that are important to the research.
    This method is useful when the researcher wants to target a specific population or subgroup.

    Quota Sampling: Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method where the researcher
    selects individuals based on pre-determined quotas for certain characteristics, such as age,
    gender, or race. This method is useful when the researcher wants to ensure that the sample is
    representative of certain characteristics of the population.

    Snowball Sampling: Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling method where the


    researcher initially selects a small group of individuals who meet the criteria for the study, and
    then asks them to refer other individuals who meet the criteria. This method is useful when the
    population is hard to access or identify.

    The following are the general steps involved in sampling in research:


    Define the Population: The first step in sampling is to define the population of interest. The
    population should be clearly defined based on the research question or problem.
    Determine the Sampling Frame: The sampling frame is a list of all individuals or units in the
    population from which the sample will be drawn. The sampling frame should be accurate, up-to-
    date, and accessible.

    Choose the Sampling Method: The sampling method should be selected based on the research
    question, available resources, and level of accuracy required. Probability sampling methods, such
    as simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling, are
    commonly used in research.

    Determine the Sample Size: The sample size should be determined based on the research
    question, population size, desired level of accuracy, and available resources. The larger the
    sample size, the more representative the sample will be of the population.

    Select the Sample: Once the sampling method and sample size are determined, the sample can be
    selected. The sample should be selected using the chosen sampling method and should be
    representative of the population.

    Collect Data from the Sample: Data can be collected from the sample using various data
    collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, observations, and secondary data sources.

    Analyze the Data: The data collected from the sample should be analyzed using appropriate
    statistical methods. The results can be used to draw conclusions and make inferences about the
    population.

    Here are some key questions that should be asked when designing a sampling strategy:

    What is the research question or problem?


    The research question or problem should be clearly defined to determine the population of
    interest.
    Who is the population of interest?
    The population should be defined based on the research question or problem.
    What is the sampling frame?
    The sampling frame is a list of all individuals or units in the population from which the sample
    will be drawn. It should be accurate, up-to-date, and accessible.
    What is the sampling method?
    The sampling method should be chosen based on the research question, available resources, and
    level of accuracy required.
    What is the sample size?
    The sample size should be determined based on the research question, population size, desired
    level of accuracy, and available resources.
    What is the sampling interval or selection criteria?
    The sampling interval or selection criteria should be determined based on the chosen sampling
    method.
    What is the level of precision or confidence desired?
    The level of precision or confidence desired should be determined based on the research question
    and available resources.
    What is the margin of error?
    The margin of error should be determined based on the sample size and level of precision
    desired.
    What is the response rate?
    The response rate is the percentage of individuals or units that respond to the survey or
    questionnaire.
    What are the ethical considerations?
    Ethical considerations should be taken into account when selecting the sample and collecting
    data from the sample.
    Advantages of Sampling:
    Cost-effective: Sampling is generally less expensive and time-consuming than collecting data
    from the entire population. This is because it requires fewer resources, such as manpower,
    materials, and finances.
    Time-saving: Sampling enables researchers to collect data within a shorter period of time, as it
    only involves a subset of the population.
    Convenience: Sampling is more convenient than collecting data from the entire population, as it
    requires less effort and resources.
    Accuracy: Sampling can be as accurate as collecting data from the entire population if the
    sample is representative of the population and the sample size is sufficient.
    Disadvantages of Sampling:
    Sampling error: Sampling error occurs when the sample is not representative of the population or
    the sample size is too small. This can result in biased or inaccurate results.
    Bias: Sampling bias occurs when the sample is not randomly selected or is not representative of
    the population. This can result in inaccurate or skewed results.
    Difficulty in selecting an appropriate sample: It can be challenging to select an appropriate
    sample that is representative of the population, especially when the population is large and
    diverse.
    Generalizability: The results obtained from a sample may not be generalizable to the entire
    population. This is because the sample is only a subset of the population, and there may be
    differences between the sample and the population.

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