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    Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Monique Oruga
    1) The document provides several equations for converting between Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K) temperatures. 2) Equations are given for calculating pressure (P), volume (V), mass (m), density (ρ), specific gravity (SG), and velocity (v). 3) Formulas are shown for calculating heat (Q), change in temperature (ΔT), enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), work (W), and efficiency (e) for thermodynamic processes. Latent heats of fusion and vaporization are defined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Monique Oruga
    35 views13 pages
    1) The document provides several equations for converting between Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K) temperatures. 2) Equations are given for calculating pressure (P), volume (V), mass (m), density (ρ), specific gravity (SG), and velocity (v). 3) Formulas are shown for calculating heat (Q), change in temperature (ΔT), enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), work (W), and efficiency (e) for thermodynamic processes. Latent heats of fusion and vaporization are defined.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    1) The document provides several equations for converting between Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K) temperatures. 2) Equations are given for calculating pressure (P), volume (V), mass (m), density (ρ), specific gravity (SG), and velocity (v). 3) Formulas are shown for calculating heat (Q), change in temperature (ΔT), enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), work (W), and efficiency (e) for thermodynamic processes. Latent heats of fusion and vaporization are defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    35 views13 pages

    Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Monique Oruga
    1) The document provides several equations for converting between Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K) temperatures. 2) Equations are given for calculating pressure (P), volume (V), mass (m), density (ρ), specific gravity (SG), and velocity (v). 3) Formulas are shown for calculating heat (Q), change in temperature (ΔT), enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), work (W), and efficiency (e) for thermodynamic processes. Latent heats of fusion and vaporization are defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    C= (F-32)5

    F= C+32
    9

    K=C+273
    5

    R=F+460
    Δ=Δ
    TK Tc

    Δ= Δ TC
    5
    9
    TF Δ=Δ
    TR TF

    Δ= Δ TF
    9
    5
    TC
    P|¿|¿
    = +
    Pgage Patm

    P= m
    v

    Y= w
    v
    v= =
    V
    m
    1
    p

    S.G.= =
    P substance Y substance
    P water Y water
    QS
    =mcΔT

    QL
    =±mL
    Note:
    Latent heat of fusion of ice ( L ) f

    L =144 BTU/lb = 334 KJ/Kg = 80 cal/gm


    f

    Latent Heat of Vaporization of Boiling water ( L ) v

    L =970 BTU/lb = 2257 KJ/kg = 540 Cal/gm


    v

    ΔS= dq
    T

    H=U+PV
    Sum of Energy Entering = Sum of Energy Leaving

    PE 1
    +KE +H +Q=PE +KE +H +W
    1 1 2 2 2

    PV=mRT
    PV=nRT
    R=8.314
    =1545 mol−°
    J
    mol−K
    ft−lbf
    R

    mol−° R =0.0821 mol−° R


    BTU L−atm
    R=1.986

    =0.287 kg−K
    ft −lbf KJ
    R=53.35
    lbmR

    =
    P1 V 1 P2 V 2

    V1 V2
    =
    P
    T 1 PT22
    =
    T1 T 2
    P1V 1 P2V 2
    =
    T1 T2

    P=P1
    + P2 + P3 +…+ Pn
    Δm
    m1=m2 +¿

    Δm= m1−m2
    m1=m2

    A 1 V 1 p1
    = A 2 V 2 p2

    ΔU=m ΔT Cv
    P =C
    V
    n
    QA
    =(
    T1 S2−S 1 ¿

    QR
    =(
    T2 S4 −S3 ¿

    QR
    =(
    T1 S1−S 2 ¿

    QR
    =- (
    T2 S2−S 1 ¿
    e=
    W net
    QA

    e= =
    T high −T low
    T high

    T 1−T 2
    T1

    =
    W net Q A −Q

    W net
    =) ) ¿¿ ¿¿

    = ( QA h1−h4 kJ /kg ¿

    = (
    QR h2 −h3 kJ /kg ¿

    = = ( (
    QA m(h ¿ ¿ 1−h4 )¿ kW ¿
    QR m(h ¿ ¿ 2−h3 )¿ kW ¿ =h −h (kJ /kg ¿
    Wt 1 2

    W
    =m(h¿¿ 1−h )¿(kW ¿
    t 2

    Wt
    =h −h +ΔKE Kj/kg
    1 2

    W
    =m(h −h )+ ( KE −KE )]kW
    t 1 2 1 2

    W net
    =W −W T P
    =

    QA
    = mC v (T 2−T 1 )

    QR
    = mC v (T 1−T 4 )

    W net
    =Q −Q
    A R QR
    = mC v (T 4−T 1)

    =
    W net
    Pm

    ==
    V1 V4 VD

    e=
    W
    r knet =
    V2 V3
    QA
    QA mC p (T 3−T 2 )

    QR
    = mC v (T 1−T 4 )
    W net
    =Q −Q A R

    QR
    = mC v (T 4−T 1)

    =
    V1

    e=
    W net rk
    QA V2
    = V3

    =
    Wn
    ec
    QA

    QR
    =
    T high ( S3−S 2) QA
    =T low ( S3−S 2)

    W net
    = Q R−Q A

    W net
    = (T ¿ ¿ max−T min )( S 3−S2 )¿

    W net
    = (T ¿ ¿ max−T min )( S 4−S 1)¿

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