Research

Background of the study
The term ‘socio-economic status (SES)’ refers to an individual's position in a
society which is determined by wealth, occupation, and social class and is a measure
of an individual's or group's standing in the community. (Sarsani, 2011)
Socioeconomic status is a complex concept that involves education, income, overall
financial security, occupation, living conditions, resources, and opportunities afforded
to people within society. Socioeconomic status and one’s perceived social standing
are factors of social class. These factors can determine if you belong to higher,
middle, or lower classes. SES is a multifaceted construct that reflects both material
and social advantages or disadvantages (Guide, 2020) A child’s educational
achievements are based on multiple factors, including their family, their family’s
behavior, socioeconomic status, their behavior toward their parents, etc. This research
paper will talk about the socioeconomic and academic performance of students.
SES is usually broken into three categories: High socioeconomic status (often
correlating with upper class), Middle socioeconomic status (often correlating with
middle class), and Low socioeconomic status (often correlating with working-class
and poor)
When categorizing families or individuals, the three most considered variables
include: Education, Income, and Occupation
Education is a crucial need in this era of globalization. Education not only
offers to understand but also shapes the personality, instills moral values, broadens
knowledge, and bestows talents. Education is crucial because of the culture of
competition. In any profession, highly qualified employees are needed. (Bates, 2019)
A child’s academic performance serves as the basis for monitoring his
scientific rearing and education. The primary focus of the broader term, educational
progress, is an academic accomplishment (T.J. WATERS AND R.J. MANZANO,
2006)
Some students who belong to low socioeconomic classes affect their academic
performance because some can`t afford study materials like books, laptops, and
gadgets also some of these students don’t have enough allowance to buy materials for
their projects. Students who belong to higher socioeconomic classes on the other side
can sustain their academic needs. It is well-established in research that individuals
from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to have better access to educational
resources, including quality schools, tutoring, books, and technology, which can
contribute to enhanced academic performance.
The relationship between income and health is well established. Households
with incomes below the federal poverty level have high levels of illness and
premature mortality. (Braveman P, 2008) Individuals with lower incomes lack
economic resources, resulting in social disadvantage, poor education, poor working
conditions, housing insecurity, and residence in unsafe neighborhoods.
A person’s income does not only come from their occupation. Income pertains
to the money that someone gets on a regular basis. It can be sourced from their
occupation, assets, investments, rental fees, or other fees that they collect regularly.
A person’s occupation is another factor in measuring their socioeconomic
status. This goes hand-in-hand with the first factor, which is educational attainment. If
a person’s occupation pays them well and if their monthly salary can support their
lifestyle for a while, then they probably have a high socioeconomic status.
Global statistics of socioeconomic class
In percentage terms, 17% of the global population could be considered
middle-income in 2020. Most people were either low-income (51%) or poor (10%),
while nearly 15% lived at an upper-middle-income standard and 7% were high-
income. (Kochhar, 2021)
National statistics of socioeconomic class
As of 2020, data from the Philippine Statistics Office shows that 43.5% of the
total population belongs to the middle class, 38.4% to the low-income class, and
16.7% to the poorest of the poor. Only the remaining 1.4% falls under the high-
income class. (Zoleta, 2023)
Regional statistics of socioeconomic class

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Background of the study

The term ‘socio-economic status (SES)’ refers to an individual's position in a

of an individual's or group's standing in the community. (Sarsani, 2011)

Socioeconomic status is a complex concept that involves education, income, overall

financial security, occupation, living conditions, resources, and opportunities afforded

and social advantages or disadvantages (Guide, 2020) A child’s educational

When categorizing families or individuals, the three most considered variables

include: Education, Income, and Occupation

Education is a crucial need in this era of globalization. Education not only

knowledge, and bestows talents. Education is crucial because of the culture of

progress, is an academic accomplishment (T.J. WATERS AND R.J. MANZANO,

can sustain their academic needs. It is well-established in research that individuals

from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to have better access to educational

contribute to enhanced academic performance.

The relationship between income and health is well established. Households

premature mortality. (Braveman P, 2008) Individuals with lower incomes lack

economic resources, resulting in social disadvantage, poor education, poor working

conditions, housing insecurity, and residence in unsafe neighborhoods.

A person’s occupation is another factor in measuring their socioeconomic

In percentage terms, 17% of the global population could be considered

while nearly 15% lived at an upper-middle-income standard and 7% were high-

income. (Kochhar, 2021)

National statistics of socioeconomic class

income class. (Zoleta, 2023)

Regional statistics of socioeconomic class

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