Initial and final setting time of concrete pdf

Initial setting time of concrete aci. Application of initial and final setting time of cement. Initial setting time of cement astm.

The setting time of cement is an important characteristic that determines its performance and application. The setting time refers to the time it takes for cement to harden and become stable after it has been mixed with water. This process involves a series of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of a hardened mass. To measure the setting
time of cement, two tests are commonly used – the initial and final setting time tests. These tests are critical in ensuring that the cement is used appropriately and that it performs as expected in various applications. In this context, understanding the significance and methods of conducting initial and final setting time tests is crucial for anyone
involved in the production, distribution, or use of cement. The initial setting time of cement is the time taken by the cement paste to set and harden to a point where it can no longer be disturbed by any external force.

This is typically measured using the Vicat apparatus, and the standard requirement is that the initial setting time should not be less than 30 minutes for ordinary Portland cement.
The final setting time of cement is the time taken by the cement paste to reach a state of complete hardening and development of strength. This is also measured using the Vicat apparatus, and the standard requirement is that the final setting time should not be more than 10 hours for ordinary Portland cement.

Read More: What Is Cement And History Of Cement The following tests are conducted on cement in the laboratory are as follows: Fineness Test of Cement Consistency Test of Cement Setting Time Test of Cement Soundness Test of Cement The heat of Hydration Test Speicific Gravity Test of Cement Tensile Strength Test Chemical Composition Test
Importance of initial and final setting time of cement It is required that cement does not lose its plasticity too early or too late.

If cement is set too early, there is insufficient time for transportation and place of concrete.

If cement is set too late then there is a delay in construction work. Also, concrete will not get sufficient strength early and the formwork removal process delayed. The proper setting time is required for the stiffening of cement paste to a defined consistency. It is indirectly related to the chemical reaction of cement with water to form an aluminum-
silicate compound. Initial setting time is an important time to know for concrete transportation, placing, and curing. Initial setting time is also utilized to delay the process of hydration or hardening. The final setting time is utilized for the safe removal of scaffolding or form. Factors Affecting Setting Time of Cement The initial and final setting times of
cement are important properties that determine its suitability for various construction applications. The initial setting time refers to the time taken by the cement paste to lose its plasticity and become rigid enough to resist certain loads without any appreciable indentation. This time is important for processes such as handling, transportation, and
placement of concrete. If the initial setting time is too short, the concrete may not be workable, and if it is too long, the concrete may start setting before it is placed, causing difficulty in finishing.
The final setting time is the time taken by the cement paste to harden and attain its ultimate strength. This is important for ensuring that the concrete attains its full strength and durability, and can resist external loads and environmental factors over a long period of time. If the final setting time is too short, the concrete may not attain its full
strength, while if it is too long, the setting may be delayed, leading to prolonged construction times and increased costs. In summary, the initial and final setting times of cement are crucial parameters that impact the workability, strength, and durability of concrete. Therefore, it is important to ensure that these parameters are within the desired
range to achieve the best results in construction projects. Procedure For Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement As Per IS: 4031 (Part 5) – 1988. The initial and final setting time of cement is calculated using the VICAT apparatus conforming to IS: 5513 – 1976. Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement: Procedure & Calculation 5 1.
Balance – The permissible variation at a load of 1000 g shall be ± 1.0 g. 2. Vicat Apparatus – Vicat apparatus should confirm to IS: 5513-1976. 3. Stop Watch 4. Gauging or Mixing Trowel 5. Glass Plate 6. Enamel tray Read More: Consistency Test Of Cement Test, Calculation & Result Test Procedure 1. Consistency of cement shall be tested before
conducting a test to find out % of the water required by the weight of cement as normal consistency of cement (P). 2. Take about 400 gm of cement and add water about 0.85x P (P is % water required for normal consistency of cement) 3. Mix water with cement quickly in a short time about 3 min to 5 min. Start the stopwatch at the instance when
water is added to the cement. Record this time (T1).

4. Now, fill this prepared cement paste in a Vicat apparatus mould having a diameter of 80 mm and a height of 50 mm resting on a non–porous glass plate. Properly fill and smooth off the top surface of the mould and level it. 1. For determining the initial setting time of cement, place this mould filled with cement paste below the Vicat apparatus and
fit the needle used for testing the initial setting time. 2. Lower the bottom of the needle such that it touches the top of cement paste filled in mould. 3. Remove the locking pin from the top and quickly release the needle, allowing it to penetrate into the cement paste. 4. At the beginning, the needle penetrates and touches the bottom of mould. Repeat
this process, like quickly releasing the needle after every 2 minutes till the needle fails to penetrate the cement paste for about 5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould. 5. Note Time (T2) when the needle fails to penetrate 5 mm from the bottom of the mould. Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement: Procedure & Calculation 6 1. For
determining the final setting time of cement replace the needle with another needle having an angular ring attachment. 2. Now, slightly release this needle on the surface of the cement paste and observe whether it is making an impression of the ring on the surface or not. Not the time when need fails to make an impression on the surface of cement
paste. (T2) Calculation of Initial and Final Time: Initial setting time of cement = Time when needle fails to penetrate 5 m from the bottom of mould.(T2) – The time when added to cement (T1) Final setting time of cement = Time when angular need ring impression stop on cement paste (T3) – Time when water added to cement (T1) Read More:
Soundness Test Of Cement – Procedure And Results Practical Calculations Suppose, Consistency of cement (P) = 30% and Weight of cement = 400 kg Water to be added in cement = (0.85 x P ) x 400 = (0.85 x 30%) x 400 = 102 ml The time when water added to cement = 7:00 am Time, when needle fails to penetrate less than 5 mm from the bottom
of mould = 7:45, am Initial Setting Time of Cement = 7:45 am – 7:00 am = 45 min. Time When angular ring needle fails to make impression on the surface of cement paste = 12:00 pm Final setting Time of Cement = 12:00 pm – 7:00 am = 5 hr = 300 min. There are various types of cement used in the construction industry. Depending on the types of
cement and admixture used in the manufacturing of cement initial setting time and final setting time are differs for cement. The standard-setting time for different types of cement is given below. Name of CementRef. IS CodeInitial Setting Time(min)Final Setting Time(Max)OPC (33)IS: 26930600OPC (43)IS: 811230600OPC (53)IS: 1226930600SRCIS:
1233030600PPCIS 1489.P130600RHPCIS: 804130600PSCIS: 45530600High AluminaIS: 645230600Super SulphateIS: 690930600Low HeatIS: 1260060600Masonry CementIS: 3466901440IRS – T -40Railway60600Types of Cement and Their Initial and Final Setting Times The Flakiness and Elongation Index Test is a test conducted on coarse
aggregates to determine their shape characteristics. The test involves measuring the percentage of particles in a sample that are either flat or elongated, which can affect the performance of the aggregate in concrete. The Elongation Index is the percentage of particles in a coarse aggregate sample that have a length greater than one and a half times
their width. These particles are considered to be elongated, and can cause problems in concrete by reducing the workability and increasing the amount of voids in the mix. The Flakiness and Elongation Index Test can be performed by trained technicians or engineers who are familiar with the equipment and procedures involved. The test is typically
conducted in a laboratory setting. You May Also Like: Related Use of Admixture and Its Effects on Setting Time Initial set, as defined by ACI 116R, is a degree of stiffening of a mixture of cement less than final set, generally stated as an empirical value indicating the time in hours and minutes required for the cement paste to stiffen sufficiently to
resist to an established degree, the penetration of a weighted test needle. The concrete setting time at various temperatures is given at table below: Table 1 Setting Time of Concrete at Various Temperature Temperature Approximate Setting Time (hours) 100oF (38oC) 1-2/3 90oF (32oC) 2-2/3 80oF (27oC) 4 70oF (21oC) 6 60oF (16oC) 8 50oF (10oC)
11 40oF (4oC) 14 30oF (-1oC) 19 20oF (-7oC) Set will not occur The retardation of initial setting time by the use of admixture is affected by three factors, that is, the ambient temperature, the dosage used, and the time of adding to the batch. Temperature Effect on Retardation of Initial Setting Time Temperature can have a detrimental effect to
concrete strength development. However, proper cold weather concrete curing will enhance concrete strength development. Hot weather is defined as any combination is high ambient temperature, high concrete temperature, low relative humidity, and wind velocity.
Cold weather period, as defined by ACI Committee 306, is when one of the following conditions occur for three consecutive days: Average daily air temperature is less than 40oF The air temperature is not greater than 50oF for more than one-half of any 24 hour period. The effect of concrete temperature and retardation of setting time is given by
PCA in the chart below. It is concluded from the chart that the retardation effect is more pronounced when a higher concrete temperature is used. Figure 1 Effect of Concrete Temperature and Retarder on Setting Time Retardation of setting time is influenced by the type of admixtures used. The chart below illustrates the effect of various
lignosufonates (1 and 2) and carboxylic (3 and 4) admixtures on setting time. Figure 2 Effect of Various Admixtures on Concrete Setting Time The time of adding the admixture to the batch here is significant and may affect final results. More retardation may take place if the admixture is added as the last ingredient and the cement is wet. Dosage
Effect on Retardation of Initial Setting Time Higher dosage may be used up to a certain level only prior to when any rapid stiffening and slump loss occurs. This admixture is sensitive to ambient temperature when introduced to the batch.
The lower the ambient temperatures, the longer time of setting for the concrete will be. The following figure is used to estimate initial setting time according to the dosage of retarder and concrete ambient temperature. Figure 3 Increasing Initial Setting Time with Retarder Content