Group No - 8

VIDEO
CONFERENCING

What is Video
Conferencing?

What is Video
Conferencing?

What is Video Conferencing?

Videoconferencing may be described as a method of

conferencing between two or more locations where both
sound and vision are transmitted and received so as to enable
simultaneous interactive communication.

What is Video Conferencing?

Due to its cost it was originally only used by multinational companies to link worldwide sites. However, as the
technology has improved and costs have fallen dramatically,
it is now used extensively in education and commerce.
Videoconferencing can save significant amounts of money in
terms of both travel costs and time it can also open up new
methods of communication e.g. linking several schools
together to enhance the learning experience.
Videoconferencing is certainly growing very rapidly, and
can save a great deal of money, but is it a new technique? No,
videoconferencing has been with us for decades.
Multinational corporations, for example, have been routinely
using it since the 1980s.

HISTORY

HISTORY

HISTORY

Video conferencing is a very useful communication tool

in today's constantly developing world. Technology is
becoming an irreplaceable factor in our lives, as it enables us
to instantly access information and work and socialize
online.

HISTORY
Early Developments
In 1956, AT&T created the first system for two-way
videoconferencing called the PicturePhone. With the
system, two people could have a continuous conversation
with a still picture that updated every two seconds. At the
1964 World's Fair in New York,

1970s
In 1971, Ericsson demonstrated the first Transatlantic
phone call with its own video conferencing system, and in
1974, a large research program began at Information
Science Institute (ISI) at the University of South Carolina
laboratories.

HISTORY
2000s
The first hand-held video conferencing device was released
by Samsung in 2001. Video conferencing was also used in
television news reporting and online classrooms during the
same year.

Benefits of Video
Conferencing

Benefits of Video
Conferencing

Benefits of Video Conferencing

Increase Productivity:
The ability to be in several places at once without leaving
your office is the next frontier. The 1990s saw a tremendous
increase in productivity for American companies. The goal was
to do more with less. Web sites and the Internet let us quicken
the speed of communication. We believe that the use of
videoconferencing will be the next driver for productivity
because you will be able to keep in closer contact with
customers. This closeness will lead to new ideas on how to speed
up the development of new products and services.

Benefits of Video Conferencing

Improves Communication & Reinforce
Relationships:
During a videoconference you can see the facial expressions and
body language of conference participants. These are both
important aspects of communication that are lost with a basic
telephone call. Videoconferencing also allows the opportunity
for more of your staff to have contact with your customers.
From your customers perspective, the only person ever seen is
the salesperson from your company. Wouldnt it improve your
business relationship with your best customers if they got to
meet more of your internal employees?

Benefits of Video Conferencing

Reduces Travel Expenses:
In todays economy, cutting down on company travel expenses
is usually a real attention grabber. In practice, the results are
mixed. Individuals still like to go places and visit clients and
associates in person. Nothing can replace meeting someone face
to face for the first time and shaking hands. There are, however,
numerous situations where you can save a lot of money on
airfare and hotel costs, not to mention saving the loss in
productivity from being out of the office.

Benefits of Video Conferencing

Allows Multi-point Meetings Across Time Zones &
International Boundaries:
Videoconferencing lets you put together a meeting of various
people, from different locations, for a common discussion.
Participants can be across the country or on the other side of
the globe.
For example, you can have sites in London, New York and
Tokyo, all with multiple personnel, participates in the same
videoconference.

Benefits of Video Conferencing

Improves Effectiveness:
We all know that "a picture is worth a thousand words."
Videoconferencing is the perfect example of how true this
statement is. A live video call is much more effective than a
phone call in many situations. For example, your engineering
staffs needs to show one of your vendors a problem with a
purchased component. Visually seeing the part during a
videoconference is far more effective and meaningful than
trying to describe it over the phone.

Uses of Video Conferencing

Uses of Video Conferencing

Uses of Video Conferencing

1) Business:
Videoconferencing
provides
businesses with the ability to meet
and to work with others over a
distance. The following list
includes several examples of the
benefits for businesses using
videoconferencing:
oReduce travel costs.
oImprove use of executive time.
oSpeed up decision-making.
oKeep meetings brief and more focused than face-to-face
meetings.
oEnable top management to quickly and effectively
communicate with employees sitting in multiple locations.

Uses of Video Conferencing

1) Business:
Videoconferencing
provides
businesses with the ability to meet
and to work with others over a
distance. The following list
includes several examples of the
benefits for businesses using
videoconferencing:
oAllows virtual project management via video and data
conferencing with geographically dispersed peer groups at
short notice.
oProvides an effective way of delivering cost-efficient training
to individuals without the requirement to consistently travel to
central locations.
oCreates a medium for conducting interviews.

Uses of Video Conferencing

2) Distance Learning:
Videoconferencing
is
an
exciting technology for education.
Teachers and students are able to
see each other, share documents
and discuss topics together in a
situation similar to a traditional
classroom setting. The main
difference being that the teachers
and the students may be in
different states or even countries.

Uses of Video Conferencing

3) Telecommuting / Home
offices:
Working out of home has never
been easier or more practical.
Videoconferencing
makes
it
possible to stay connected with
people in a very real way.
Videoconferencing allows users to
save resources by meeting with
clients and/or colleagues via
videoconference. This reduces
travel expenses, while maintaining
face-to-face contact.

Uses of Video Conferencing

4) Legal Environment:
Videoconferencing systems are
used to enable testifying witnesses to
appear in court without having to
travel to the courtroom.
Expert witnesses, prisoners, and various other witnesses
can provide the same testimonies from remote locations. From
the prison, prisoners will see and hear everything that takes
place in the courtroom and will be able to answer questions
posed to them by the presiding judges and lawyers.
Videoconferencing in the court system offers significant cost
savings and improved security by reducing the need for highsecurity prisoner transport. The entire courtroom experience
will be made shorter, safer and more cost-effective.

Uses of Video Conferencing

5) Telemedicine:
There are times when a person
needs medical advice but is unable to
visit their personal physician or even
more likely, a specialist.
In such situations using videoconferencing can make all the
difference. A patient in a rural location can easily meet with
a specialist from anywhere in the world. Videoconferencing
enables patients to get the necessary information and expert
guidance they need quickly and easily.

Modes of Video
Conferencing

Modes of Video
Conferencing

Modes of Video Conferencing

Point-to-Point Video Conferencing
Video-enabled
meetings
happen in two distinct ways:
either point-to-point or with
multi-point. In point-to-point,
the simplest scenario is where
one person or group is
connected to another. The
physical
components
(i.e.
microphone and camera) that
enable the meeting to take place
are often integrated in to
desktop computing solutions
like a laptop or tablet, or can be
combined into dedicated, roombased hardware solutions.

Modes of Video Conferencing

Multi -Point Video Conferencing
In multi-point video calls, three
or more locations are connected
together, where all participants can
see and hear each other, as well as
see any content being shared
during the meeting.
In this scenario, digital information streams of voice,
video and content are processed by a central, independent
software program. Combining the individual participants
video and voice traffic, the program re-sends a collective data
stream back to meeting participants in the form of real-time
audio and video imagery.

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Video Input
Video input usually consists of either a
video camera or a web cam. Usually there
are two video cameras, at least one
camera at each location. For larger video
conferences there can be many more
cameras. Digital projectors are used
frequently to show a presentation not only
in one location but sending the
presentation as well as part of the video
conference. Besides a standard video
camera, more and more people are using
web cams to conduct their video
conference.

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Video Output
Video output can be in the form of any video output form
such as a standard TV set, digital TV set, computer monitor,
etc.

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Audio Input
Audio input takes the form of microphone. Sometimes each
person might be individually miked, some video conferences
have one general microphone that is passed around or can
consist of a microphone in a central location.

Unidirectional
microphone

Omni directional
microphone

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Audio Output
Audio output usually consists of speakers. These speakers
can range from professional equipment, headphones or even
tiny speakers on a laptop computer.

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Acoustic Echo Cancellation
Another important software
component
is
acoustic
echo
cancellation.
Echo
cancellation
makes it possible for parties to talk
to one another in real time without
any distractions or interference.
For instance, if one party is talking to another party and
there is no echo cancellation software, they might hear
themselves speaking a few seconds out of synch due to audio
delays. In a few seconds of talking, each party wouldn't be able
to understand the other party because of the distractions.
Echo cancellation software processes audio to remove any
distractions caused by delays

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Data Transfer
Video conferencing can work in a number of ways
depending on the technology being used. Video conferencing
uses several technologies including Digital technologies, as well
as analog technologies. ISND lines, a normal broadband
Internet connection and radio frequencies which can include
Satellite transmission and even Wifi.

Technology uses in Video

Conferencing
Data Compression Software
Software is extremely important to the video conferencing
process. In order for digital video conferencing to take place
over ISDN lines, broad band Internet and Wifi there must be
software to compress both the video and audio data. Video and
audio data can take up a tremendous amount of space and can
take a long time to travel from one location to another, it is
important for any data being sent back and forth to be
compressed and sent quickly and effectively. Today there are
lots of software available to compress video and audio signals
and unpack them once at the other location for high quality
audio and video signals.

Types of Video
Conferencing System

Types of Video
Conferencing System

Types of Video Conferencing

System
Dedicated System
Dedicated systems have all required
components packaged into a single
piece of equipment, usually a console
with a high quality remote controlled
video camera. These cameras can be
controlled at a distance to pan left and
right, tilt up and down, and zoom.
They became known as PTZ cameras. The console
contains all electrical interfaces, the control computer, and
the software or hardware-based codec. Omnidirectional
microphones are connected to the console, as well as a TV
monitor with loudspeakers and/or a video projector.

Types of Video Conferencing

System
Dedicated System
There
are
several
videoconferencing devices:

types

of

dedicated

Large group video conferencing are non-portable, large,

more expensive devices used for large rooms and
auditoriums.
Small group video conferencing are non-portable or
portable, smaller, less expensive devices used for small
meeting rooms.
Individual videoconferencing are usually portable
devices, meant for single users, have fixed cameras,
microphones and loudspeakers integrated into the
console.

Types of Video Conferencing

System
Desktop System
Desktop systems are add-ons
(hardware boards, usually) to
normal PCs, transforming them
into videoconferencing devices. A
range of different cameras and
microphones can be used with the
board,
which
contains
the
necessary codec and transmission
interfaces. Most of the desktops
systems work with the H.323
standard.
Videoconferences
carried out via dispersed PCs are
also known as e-meetings.

Types of Video Conferencing

System
Mobility
Mobile device use in the
workplace offers benefits, but
also presents challenges in terms
of security, device management
and support. But it's a trend
that's not going away.
And users depend on cloud services on these devices more than
they realize. Communications platforms, productivity tools,
social media and entertainment are generally cloud-enabled.
Affordability, mobile innovations and improved wireless
networks will help to drive the use of cloud-based video
conferencing, both within organizations and outside.

Types of Video Conferencing

System
WebRTC
This open standard enables
any Web developer to add
real-time
audio/video
communication features to
applications.
As
the
standard
evolves,
the
possibility of true crossbrowser capability extends
the reach of browser-based
video conferencing.

Types of Video Conferencing

System
Virtualization
The use of virtualization in the data center has led to a moneysaving increase in processing power by eliminating the need to
purchase more expensive hardware. Virtualization also helps
organizations meet the high-intensity processing requirements
of video conferencing, especially as it pertains to high
definition (HD) and multiple users. This access to on-demand
processing power enabled by virtualized servers improves the
scalability potential for hosted video conferencing. Increased
capacity has also led to more software-only video conferencing
options, both for traditional on-premise systems and cloudbased solutions.

Types of Video Conferencing

System
Interoperability (multivendor/multiplatform):
As interoperability issues continue
to persist in a multivendor
environment, companies will need
to look for cost-effective solutions
that can bring together their
disparate systems..
With interoperability solved, companies will be able to
select low-cost video end points such as browsers and mobile
devices that fit the needs of their organizations and
employees. Alternative deployment models cloud-managed
services, software-based and non-MCU-based will allow
organizations to extend their current infrastructure without
additional significant investment

Types of Video Conferencing

System
High Definition
Delivering a high definition experience in video conferencing
technology often comes at a price: rapid increases in network
bandwidth demands owing to end point display size ( mobile,
desktop, dedicated video room). High definition also need a
network connection that is reliable and consistent. Blue Jeans'
cloud-based computing architecture offers minimal latency and
greatly enhances video streams (up to nearly 720p at 30 fps) for
a good meeting experience. Blue Jeans video services
integration along with cloud-based business applications like
LinkedIn and Salesforce.com, as well as the introduction of
mobile applications for Android and iOS are recent examples of
the latest technology trends Blue Jeans Network offers to
address the varied needs of businesses.

Advantages &
Disadvantages

Advantages &
Disadvantages

Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages
Convenience.
Cost savings for travel, accommodation and staff time.
Ability to link several sites simultaneously.
Access to remotely located experts.
In child abuse or other court proceedings, victims
evidence provided via videoconferencing can reduce the
potential of intimidation.
Having a set time for the meeting encourages more control
and less time wasted on non-agenda items.

Advantages & Disadvantages

Disadvantages
The quality of the received images can be compromised by
the technology
On lower quality links, movement can be jerky

Conclusion

Conclusion

Conclusion
Videoconferencing does use fairly complex technology to
achieve its aim of enabling communication. A user however
does not require technical knowledge to take advantage of
the medium. If you can use a PC you should have no
difficulty with videoconferencing. Hopefully this paper
helps to bridge the gap between being a complete novice
and having sufficient understanding to realise the potential
of videoconferencing. While background reading can be
useful there is no substitute for experience and the reader is
strongly urged to experience videoconferencing first hand
by taking part in conferences.

END

Thank You