The document is a lab report summarizing an experiment on clipper and clamper circuits. Key findings include:
1. Clipper circuits were used to limit output signal voltages to a predetermined level by removing portions above and below that level. Parallel and series clipper circuits using diodes were explored.
2. Clamper circuits shift the dc level of a waveform without changing its appearance using a diode, resistor, and capacitor.
3. Output voltages were measured for various clipper and clamper circuit configurations under different bias voltages. The waveforms and amount clipped or clamped changed systematically with the bias level.
The document is a lab report summarizing an experiment on clipper and clamper circuits. Key findings include:
1. Clipper circuits were used to limit output signal voltages to a predetermined level by removing portions above and below that level. Parallel and series clipper circuits using diodes were explored.
2. Clamper circuits shift the dc level of a waveform without changing its appearance using a diode, resistor, and capacitor.
3. Output voltages were measured for various clipper and clamper circuit configurations under different bias voltages. The waveforms and amount clipped or clamped changed systematically with the bias level.
The document is a lab report summarizing an experiment on clipper and clamper circuits. Key findings include:
1. Clipper circuits were used to limit output signal voltages to a predetermined level by removing portions above and below that level. Parallel and series clipper circuits using diodes were explored.
2. Clamper circuits shift the dc level of a waveform without changing its appearance using a diode, resistor, and capacitor.
3. Output voltages were measured for various clipper and clamper circuit configurations under different bias voltages. The waveforms and amount clipped or clamped changed systematically with the bias level.
The document is a lab report summarizing an experiment on clipper and clamper circuits. Key findings include:
1. Clipper circuits were used to limit output signal voltages to a predetermined level by removing portions above and below that level. Parallel and series clipper circuits using diodes were explored.
2. Clamper circuits shift the dc level of a waveform without changing its appearance using a diode, resistor, and capacitor.
3. Output voltages were measured for various clipper and clamper circuit configurations under different bias voltages. The waveforms and amount clipped or clamped changed systematically with the bias level.
Theory:i A clipper is a circuit we use to prevent a signal exceeding a predetermined referenced voltage level in the circuit. Clippers remove the signals which are above and below the determined voltage level. The half-wave rectifier is an example of the simplest form of diode clipper. There are two general categories of clippers: 1. Series clippers: Series clipper is a kind of diode clipper in which the diode is connected in series with the load.
Figure 4.1: Simple Diode Clipper Circuit
Clipper circuit using biased diode in series: We can also clip off a certain part of an input signal below a specified signal level by adding a DC source in series with the clipping diode. We have to add the DC voltage source in the reverse bias condition with the diode.
Figure 4.2: Clipper Circuit Using Biased Diode
2. Parallel clippers: Parallel clipper is a kind of diode clipper in which the diode is connected in parallel with the load. Depending on the connection of the diode, it can clip off the input signal above 0.7 volts of the one-half cycle.
Figure 4.3: Parallel Clipper Circuit
Clipper circuit using biased diode in parallel: It is possible to limit the output voltages to a fixed level using a biased diode in the circuit. Using a biased diode, the output voltage signal can be limited to a certain value depending on the biasing. These circuits work both ways. These can either clip positive or negative and can also clip both simultaneously.
Figure 4.4: Biased Parallel Clipper Circuit
Clamper Circuit: A clamper is a circuit constructed of a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor that shifts a waveform to a different dc level without changing the appearance of the applied signal. Figure 4.5: Clamper Circuit
In this experiment, our main goal was to measure the output voltage using different Clipper and Clamper Circuit and then we observed the output wave shapes. First of all, we created those circuits in Multisim as like those figures of lab manual. We have used the Tektronix Oscilloscope to measure the peak to peak voltage. In clipper and clamper circuit we have measured the peak to peak voltage for different value of Vb (0v-5v). We have recorded Vmax and Vmin for the output wave for the clamper circuit only for Vb=2.5v. This is how we have done the experiment successfully. Now, a clipper is a device that removes either the positive half or negative half or both positive and negative halves of the input AC signal. In some cases, a clipper removes a small portion of the positive half cycle or negative half cycle or both positive and negative half cycles. Clamper circuits are constructed in a similar manner as that of clipper circuits but it includes an extra charging element that is the capacitor in its circuitry. The combination of resistor and capacitor in the clamper circuit is used to maintain different dc level at the output of the clamper.
Question/Answer: 1. Using values from your data table, for all the circuit diagrams plot the input-output waveforms observed on the oscilloscope for =2.5V.
Answer:
The input-output waveforms observed on the oscilloscope for =2.5V are given below: Waveform 4.1(Figure 4.6(a)): Series Clipper Circuit Waveform 4.2(Figure 4.6(b)): Series Clipper Circuit
Waveform 4.5(Figure 4.8(a)): Clamper Circuit Waveform 4.6(Figure 4.8(b)): Clamper Circuit 2. For Fig 4.6 ( a & b), Fig4.7 (a & b) and Fig 4.8 (a & b) what change did you observe in the output voltage, in procedure-4? Explain the reason behind such a change.
Answer: When Vb =2.5 V the output voltage was 1.95 Vpk-pk for Fig 4.6(a &b). After decreasing Vb to 0 V the output voltage was 4.43 Vpk-pk for Fig 4.6(a & b) which is close to the input voltage 5 Vpk-pk. Here for Vb = 0V, Vo is less than 5V because of the threshold voltage of the diode. The waveform becomes more jagged for both cases. Similarly, for Fig: 4.7(a) when Vb = 0V, in the positive half cycle diode works as forward bias and all the current flows through diode. For which the input voltage and output voltage becomes almost equal. For Fig: 4.7(b), in the negative half cycle diode works as forward bias. The waveform becomes smoother in that case. For Fig: 4.8(a), when Vb = 0V, diode works as forward bias and all the current flow through the diode. Capacitor becomes fully charged. So, the output voltage becomes almost 0V. In the negative half cycle, diode works as reverse bias and all the current flows through resistor. So, the voltage –Vm is added with the stored voltage of the capacitor for which output voltage becomes clamped. The exact opposite happens in Fig: 4.8(b). In that case diode works as forward bias on the negative half cycle. The waveform becomes more jagged for both cases.
3. For Fig 4.6(a &b), Fig4.7 (a & b) and Fig 4.8 (a & b) what change did you observe in the output voltage, In procedure-5? Explain the reason behind such a change.
Answer:
For Fig: 4.6(a & b), when Vb = 5V and max peak also 5V then for the positive & negative half cycle respectively, by applying KVL, we can see that output voltage becomes almost 0V for both cases. The waveform becomes much smoother in that case. For Fig: 4.7(a & b), in positive and negative half cycle respectively, diode works as forward bias for both cases accordingly and input voltage becomes almost equal to the output voltage. The waveform becomes more jagged in that case. For Fig: 4.8(a), in positive half cycle, diode works as a forward bias thus when we increase Vb the clamped the output voltage becomes lesser. When more voltage are being applied to turn on the diode and capacitor doesn’t get sufficient amount of voltage to store within itself. The exact opposite thing happens in Fig: 4.8(b). Here diode works as forward bias in negative half cycle. The waveform becomes smoother in both cases.
Contributions: Name STUDENT ID Contribution 1.Mohammad Iftekhar Bin Ashraf (writer) 2013199645 Cover page, Data, Discussion and Result Analysis, Attachment, Graph, Question/Answer 2. Nuzhath Tabassum Orpaa 1931052042 Theory. 3. Ahanaf Tahomid 1831920642 Discussion and Result Analysis 4. Md. Mehraj Hossain Sani 2013623043 Theory, Graph, Experimental set up 5. Md Kamran Ahmed 2012356643 Components. Attachment: Class Assignment. Vs = 10 V(p-p). Table 01
