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Enegy Audit
Enegy Audit
Prepared by:
One of the most Neighbourhood friendly Mall located in the heart of Ipoh town centre
is Angsana Ipoh Mall, which surrounded by Offices, Colleges, Hospital and other
government buildings that can satisfies the needs of Perak shoppers in Ipoh. Angsana
Ipoh Mall consist more than 100 retail outlets comprises of fashion, home interior,
jewellery, sports, electronics items and F&B.
Angsana Ipoh Mall also known for its Mobile City whereby more than 40 mobile
smartphones, electronics shops from the famous brands as well as various telcos
service providers such as Maxis, Celcom, Digi for shoppers to choose from. The main
anchor superstore in Angsana Ipoh Mall is UO Superstore which located on the ground
and first floor of AIM. Other mini anchors are Nagoya textile, Guardian, Baazar Warisan
and also various Busana Muslimah.
Angsana Ipoh Mall, opened for business in 1996 which previously known as
Greentown Mall. It has a gross built up area of approximately 343,174 sq feet with net
lettable area of approximately 237,957 sq feet.
The annual electricity consumption for Angsana Ipoh Mall is about 7,230,700.79kWh
for a year. The energy cost are RM3,457,643.15.
The audit found a total of four (4) Energy Saving Measures (ESM). The Investment
required has been roughly estimated for budgetary purpose only. The detailed
description for each recommended saving measure is explained in section 6 and
summarized in Table 1 below. Our findings shows that by implementing all 4 measures,
total energy saving potential will be 20.7% or 1,959,716kWh a year from existing
building consumption, with potential of annual cost savings is RM715,296.
Estimated Estimated Estimated
Estimated
Annual Annual Total Estimated
Product Investment
Description Energy Energy Building Quantity
Saving Cost (RM)
Saving Saving Energy (Unit)
(%)
(kWh) (RM) Saving (%)
Installation Power
578,456 211,136 6.1% 8 2 500,000
Quality System
Smart Cooling
Optimasation
1,009,387 368,426 10.7% 30 65 975,000
System for Air
Handling Unit
Inverter Type
295,589 107,890 3.1% 25 8 200,000
WCPU
Remote Monitoring
System – Online FOR MONITORING 20,000
Web Dashboard
Total Monthly
Cost Saving
(kWH) 163,310
Total Monthly
Cost Saving (RM) 59,608
Total Annual
Saving (%) 20.7%
2.1 BACKGROUND
Taiace Energy was invited for conducted Investment Grade Audit (“IGA”) for Energy
Performance Contracting (“EPC”) for Angsana Ipoh Mall.Taiace Energy has conducted
IGA on 6-7 December 2018.
Audit team:
Taiace team
Taiace is committed in this EA and has already employed best engineering judgment
and best practice methods in estimating energy saving and implementation cost. In
addition, it is expected that there would be consequential benefits as a result of various
recommended energy saving measures. For example, by reducing lighting load will
lead to reduction of air conditioning cooling load as well. Due to difficulties to account
these consequential effects, Taiace will use the present energy end-use load
apportionment to check the feasibility of the energy saving measures estimation.
Throughout the entire EA, Taiace assessment and recommendation are impartial. The
principal in calculating the amount of saving is the minimum and the cost is fairly on
the high side and for charts, moving averages is used instead of just adding the trend
line to have more accurate analysis.
The data used in the study was based on the documented evidence (DPM data reading,
occupancy), interview with maintenance team, equipment manuals, records and field
measurements and observations of building facilities made available to the Energy
Audit Team members. The EA also refer to the registered references as the following:
Part 1, Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings
Malaysian Standard, MS1525:2007, Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and
Use of Renewable Energy for Non-Residential Buildings.
Taiace would like to acknowledge and express our gratitude to all parties that were
involved in this EA whether directly or indirectly. Without the assistance of those parties
this EA will not be successfully completed.
2.2 OBJECTIVES
The scope of work of the audit is to study closely the resort operations, make
observations about energy wastages, and carry out necessary field measurement by
using specific equipment. The detail works are listed below.
Energy Audit
A comprehensive energy audit study requires a thorough examination of all factors that
influence energy. A system approach was employed to ensure that all relevant factors
were identified and assessed in terms of their impact on energy utilization. This
approach is outlined below.
Since energy usage is influenced by the manner in which a facility is operated and
utilized, it was necessary to collect data on occupancy rates (hours/day, days/week,
etc.) and environmental control. Data on past energy consumption levels was collected
to establish a cost baseline, equipment manuals and building layout were investigated
and interviews were conducted in random with building occupant to understand the
building and equipment use and function. Portable data logging devices were used
to establish building load profile and major energy consuming end-users output. Spot
measurements on indoor room condition were also conducted.
Several potential measures were developed based on the preliminary survey and
discussions with various building operating staff members. Evaluation of the monitoring
data also revealed potential ESMs and provided crucial data for calculating energy
savings. The most feasible measures were then selected that would provide the
shortest payback and highest savings potential. The general criteria used in
determining measure feasibility was the one year simple payback range and overall
measure implementation cost.
Figure 1 shows a detail Energy Audit process.
Site Investigation
Report Writing
Draft Report
Comment
from Client
Presentation of
Draft Report
The energy audit team used a number of measurement and monitoring equipment’s.
All these equipment’s were calibrated to ensure that collected field data were accurate
and reliable to be used in the calculation. The list of the equipment is listed below:-
No Equipment Type Model Parameter
1 Portable Testo 645 Temperature,
Temperature/Humidity Relative Humidity
meter
2 Portable Energy Kyoritsu 6300 I, V, PF, kW and kWh
Analyzer
3 Portable Power meter El-control & Nano VIP & I, V, PF, kW
Kyoritsu 2300R
Angsana Ipoh Mall known for its Mobile City whereby more than 40 mobile
smartphones, electronics shops from the famous brands as well as various telcos
service providers such as Maxis, Celcom, Digi for shoppers to choose from. The main
anchor superstore in Angsana Ipoh Mall is UO Superstore which located on the ground
and first floor of AIM. Other mini anchors are Nagoya textile, Guardian, Baazar Warisan
and also various Busana Muslimah.
The building Gross Floor Area (GFA) is approximately 343,174 sq feet with calculated
Air Conditioning Area (ACA) is approximately 60% to 70%.
The premise received its High Tension (HT) 11kV electricity supply from Tenaga
Nasiaonal Berhad (TNB) through single metering point and step-down to Low Voltage
(LV) through step-down transformers. Electricity supply is distributed via the Main
Switch Board (MSB). MSB is equipped with centralized Capacitor Banks that
automatically regulates the system power factor around 0.99 that avoid losses.
Figure 4: WCPU
4.2.2.2 Cooling Tower
To support 29 water cooled package unit, it required 2 unit of cooling tower to running.
The rated power cooling tower is 15hp. The operation hour of the cooling tower same
with the WCPU operation which is 14 hours. Figure below show the cooling tower.
By referring to the walk through audit we found out that majority Angsana Ipoh Mall
uses 3 types of lamp which is fluorescent lamp 18W, fluorescent lamp 36W and
downlight. The operation hour for lighting system is from 8am until 10pm.
5 FINDINGS
5.1 HISTORICAL BILL ANALYSIS
An electricity energy consumption record for year 2018 was provided by Angsana Ipoh
Mall to plot the pattern as well as to create a baseline for this study.
The energy consumption for Angsana Ipoh Mall was calculated based on the available
historical bill from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The calculation only for year 2018.
Angsana Ipoh Mall was charged under C1 (apply onpeak/offpeak). Under this tariff,
charges is RM0.365 per kWh for C1.
Table and Figure below represent the analysis graphical electrical records for the
Angsana Ipoh Mall.
Energy
No Month Consumption RM
(kWh)
300,000.00
250,000.00
200,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
50,000.00
0.00
Based on Table and Figure above, the total energy consumption for 8 months for
Angsana Ipoh Mall is about 7,230,700.79 kWh.
The major electrical loads were measured the audit. Which covered cooling system
and lighting system, and the following table shows the load apportioning;
7,230,700.79 100.0%
2,397,388.60
4,546,979.71
286,332.48
The audit team has carried out sample temperature measurement for each shop lot to
determine which room that need attention for retrofit purpose. Temperature range for
each shop lot are various from 20 degree celcius to 28 degree celcius. Below the result
showing the room temperature for each shop lot at Angsana Ipoh Mall.
TEMPERATURE
30 27 28 27 27
25 25 25 26 26
23 24 23
25 22 22 22
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 8: Room temperature for each shop lot at Angsana Ipoh Mall
From the result shown above, shop lot at walkway for each floor has the highest temperature
with range from 25 to 28 degree celcius. The audit team found out that cooling coil is in bad
condition that causing the water cooled package unit is running inefficient which lead to
uncomfortable surrounding inside the mall. Below the view of one WCPU inside the Angsana
Ipoh Mall.
Figure 9: Cooling Coil
The audit team has carried-out sample measurement to check the type of lighting
system and quantity installed and the following table is the summary of the lighting
installed in Angsana Ipoh Mall.
Daily Annual
Consumption Consumption
Type Quantity (kWh) (kWh)
TOTAL 286,332.48
6 RECOMMENDED ENERGY SAVING MEASURES
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Energy saving measures (ESMs) was identified through evaluation of site survey data
and analysis of monitoring data. A description of each ESM is included in the
"Rationale" section before its energy savings calculations. The ESM description is
intended as a general description only. It is not to be assumed that the ESM
description includes all details of work necessary for implementation. The ESMs
should be evaluated to determine if a complete mechanical/electrical design should be
prepared prior to their implementation.
Some assumptions were made for some ESM calculations. These assumptions are
listed in the descriptions/calculations for the respective ESMs.
The Recommended Energy Saving Measures are described in the following sections
Estimated
Estimated Estimated
Total
Annual Annual Estimated Estimated
Building Investment
Description Energy Energy ESM Product Quantity ROI
Energy Cost (RM)
Saving Saving Saving (Unit)
Saving
(kWh) (RM)
(%)
Installation
Existing
Power
Incoming 578,456 211,136 6.11% 20% 2 500,000 2.4
Quality
Supply
System
Smart
Cooling
Cooling Optimasation
1,009,387 368,426 10.66% 25% 65 975,000 2.6
Load System for
Air Handling
Unit
Existing Downlight
Downlight 53,264 19,441 LED 0.56% 45% 2,013 40,260 2.1
(PLC) Replacement
LED Light
Existing T8
23,020 8,402 Bulb 0.24% 50% 1,400 49,000 5.8
Light Bulb
Replacement
Remote
Monitoring
NONE System – FOR MONITORING 20,000
Online Web
Dashboard
Above figures are estimated only. FInal ESM subjected to detail energy audit
upon project approval.
6.2 INSTALLATION OF POWER QUALITY DEVICE
Automatic Power Quality Device is composed of voltage regulation system, servomotor and
automatic control circuit. When grid voltage is unstable or when the load changes, the
automatic control circuit would sample, amplify and send signal to control the servomotor to
adjust the position of carbon brush on the voltage optimisation system, regulate the output
voltage to the rated value finally.
Main function:
Safe start: In the first stage, it detect the input voltage to see if it is too low or too high,
then begins to regulate the output voltage, thus ensure the output voltage is most
suitable for load demand. The output voltage could be pre-set to be and stabilized at
any voltage value between 190Vac-230Vac according to load demand.
Over-voltage protection: When output voltage >250Vac, output A.C contactor
automatically cut off, after 4~7s delay, to prevent equipment from damage.
Under-voltage protection: When output voltage <170Vac, output A.C contactor
automatically cut off, after 4~7s delay, to prevent equipment from damage.
Short circuit protection: When the short circuit occurs to the output, the air switch will
cut off the input power source automatically.
Regulating voltage smoothly: While regulating voltage, our energy-saving power
conditioner regulates it smoothly, this measure does not produce any instantaneous
surge or current impulsion. This kind of Power Quality Device can protect the
brightness of lamp from sudden change and prolong the life-span of lamp as much as
possible.
Safe and reliable operation: The Power Quality Device has ‘manual and auto’ bypass
function, once malfunction occurs, it can switch to the grid power supply automatically.
And during the process of switching, the instantaneous lighting-off won’t happen.
VOLTACE diagram;
POWER QUALITY
MAIN SWITCH
TRANSFORMER DEVICE LOAD
BOARD (MSB)
(VOLTACE)
Step 2: ACB outgoing will divert into VOLTACE input terminal and output
terminal will connect to load bus bar in MSB.
VOLTACE
6.3 REPLACEMENT OF T8 FLOURECENT LIGHT BULB WITH LED
TUBE
There are two main ways to save energy used for lighting. One is to use more energy efficient
lighting. The other is to reduce the operating time of the lighting. LED Tube is an innovative
replacement of T8 fluorescent lamp. It is a new kind high efficient energy saving lamp which is
based on the fluorescent technology and precision electronic self-ballast technology. Besides,
the technology contains self-ballast, self-reflection and recycled advantages. Other benefit as
below:
o Replace the T8 fluorescent lamp directly and can save more than 50% energy
o The life span is 30,000 hours which is more than three times than T8 fluorescent
lamp
o Adopt pure tri-phosphor light source, color show index Ra>80, the lighting add
to 15%
o It is rather cold than conventional T8, where this can prevent heat generated in
the surrounding and helps save the airconditioner energy use too.
o This LED Tube structure can moistureproof, dustproof and pollution prevention
o LED Tube fluorescent lamps have a higher luminous efficacy than T8 or T12 lamps.
Luminous efficacy indicates how much light a lamp generates from the energy it
consumes. The higher the value, the more energy efficient the lamp is. The luminous
efficacy of LED Tube lamps is at least 90 lm/W, while those of T8 and T12 lamps are
only about 80 lm/W and 70 lm/W respectively.
o Once turn on the lamp, it will brighten up without noise and flicker
Current practice;
o 36W T8 Fluorescent to be replace with 18W/16W LED Tube Fluorescent type
o 18W T8 Fluorescent to be replace with 10W/8W LED Tube Fluorescent type.
6.4 SMART COOLING OPTIMISATION SYSTEM FOR
AHU/WCPU
1) Temperature sensor
- Collect the return temperature data from WCPU room and send to WCPU
controller
2) Controller
- Since the controller gets temperature data, controller will manipulate the data
and change into analog signal as an instruction for the VFD to operate.
3) VFD
- VFD turns the analog signal from the controller into variable frequency to make
the compressor by following the frequency speed from the VFD
SECTION C-2 Saving Measurement, Verification and Monitoring Methods.
Measurement & Verification (M&V) is the process to ensure that the saving will be
achieved after implementing the energy conservation measures. It is important to
choose an appropriate measurement and verification method in any proposed
improvement analysis. As per description and example in Figure below, Measurement
and Verification process to be conducted once installation completed. This will be
involved independent third party.
There are four approaches to measuring savings that are termed “Option A, B, C and
D. These are the cornerstones of the standardized set of procedures contained in the
IPMVP.
6.5 ENERGY SAVING CALCULATION FORMULA
The energy saving formula proposed under Energy Performance Contract (EPC)
between Taiace and the Client as below:
Energy Savings = Base year energy use – Post retrofit energy use +- Adjustment
Once all baseline data collected during this M&V process, analysis were carried out.
Correlations between the energy and factor that may affected it were studied. Below
table show the example of reporting format, in order to conduct continuous energy
saving monitoring.
Remote Monitoring System (RMS) was developed to provide visibility of energy usage
to customer references. Taiace had installed more than 500units of smart energy
meter in both Malaysia and Indonesia, for remote monitoring purposes. For example,
in EPC contract with Ministry of Higher Education at Polytechnics, we had installed the
RMS before the implementation of energy saving measure. Data captured can be used
as indication for baseline energy use. This monitoring system objective is:
o Monitoring the performance of saving solutions via remote system to have real
time visualisation of the energy consumption.
o Data record management. Standard or customized reports delivered where you
want, when you want
o Tools to promote staff engagement in the process of utility conservation
In order to ensure smooth operation and maintenance activity after the installation of
ESM completed, Taiace already have own Asset and Maintenance Management
System. This will be useful tools for both Taiace and the Users/Client/Building Owner
in reporting either the routine maintenance or breakdown issues/complaints, Web
based system makes easier for both party to access at anytime and anywhere. Below
pictures illustrate our owned Asset and Maintenance Management System practice for
EPC contract for Polytechnics projects.
7 SUMMARY AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY