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    This document discusses key concepts relating to density, pressure, and the behavior of gases. It defines important units of measurement and relationships between density, mass, volume, pressure, force and area. Experiments to determine density of regular and irregular objects are described. The random motion of gas molecules and how temperature, pressure and volume are related is explained. Absolute zero is defined as -273°C where gases have no energy to exert pressure.

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    This document discusses key concepts relating to density, pressure, and the behavior of gases. It defines important units of measurement and relationships between density, mass, volume, pressure, force and area. Experiments to determine density of regular and irregular objects are described. The random motion of gas molecules and how temperature, pressure and volume are related is explained. Absolute zero is defined as -273°C where gases have no energy to exert pressure.

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    6 views4 pages

    Physics

    Uploaded by

    As Fa
    This document discusses key concepts relating to density, pressure, and the behavior of gases. It defines important units of measurement and relationships between density, mass, volume, pressure, force and area. Experiments to determine density of regular and irregular objects are described. The random motion of gas molecules and how temperature, pressure and volume are related is explained. Absolute zero is defined as -273°C where gases have no energy to exert pressure.

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    of 4

    Physics

    Density and pressure

    5.1 use the following units: degrees Celsius (o C), kelvin (K), joule (J),
    kilogram (kg), kilogram/metre3 (kg/m3 ), metre (m), metre2 (m2 ),
    metre3 (m3 ), metre/second (m/s), metre/second2 (m/s2 ), newton
    (N), pascal (Pa).
    Temperature: degrees celsius, kevin
    Energy: joule
    Weight: kilogram
    Density: kilogram/meter^3
    Distance: meter
    Area: meter^2
    Volume: meter^3
    Speed: meter/second
    Acceleration: meter/second^2
    Force: newton
    Pressure: pascal

    5.2 know and use the relationship between density,


    mass and volume
    Density= mass/volume
    Measured in g/cm3 or kg/m3

    5.3 describe experiments to determine density using


    direct measurements of mass and volume
    The density of an object depends on what it's made of, NOT its size or shape.
    If a solid is less dense than fluid, it will float.

    Regular objects:
    1. Measure the mass of the object using a balance
    2. Measure the length,width , and height of the object using a ruler
    3. Calculate the density: mass/volume

    Irregular objects:
    1. Measure the mass of the object using a balance
    2. Place object in a measuring cylinder of a known volume
    3. Measure the displacement of water (how much the water has increased)
    4. Calculate the density: mass/volume

    5.4 know and use the relationship between pressure,


    force and area
    Pressure= force/area
    Measured in pascals. Pa= n/m2

    5.5 understand that the pressure at a point in a gas or


    liquid which is at rest acts equally in all directions
    Pressure is the measure of force being applied to the surface of something.
    If the same force is applied over a larger area, there will be a lower pressure
    Pressure in gases and liquids (at rest) act equally in all directions.

    5.6 know and use the relationship for


    pressure difference
    Pressure difference= height * density * gravity
    Ideal gas molecule

    5.10 understand that molecules in a gas have a


    random motion and that they exert a force and
    hence a pressure on the walls of the container
    Gases consist of small particles, constantly moving in completely random directions.
    Particles constantly collide with each other, and the walls of their container, bouncing off each
    other and the walls.

    If the temperature increases, it gives particles more energy; KE ∝ temp.

    Atmospheric pressure: measured using a barometer (mercury barometer is the most accurate).

    5.11 understand why there is an absolute zero of


    temperature which is –273C
    When the temperature decreases, the pressure a gas exerts decreases, until the temperature
    becomes -273C, the gas doesn’t have anymore energy to exert a force. This is called absolute
    zero.
    5.12 describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be
    able to convert between the Kelvin and
    Celsius scales
    Absolute zero= 0K or -273C.

    Therefore, C= K – 273 or K= C + 273

    5.13 understand that an increase in temperature


    results in an increase in the average speed of
    gas molecules
    As the temperature increases, so does the speed of the particles, as they have more KE.

    5.17 use the relationship between the pressure and


    volume of a fixed mass of gas at
    constant temperature
    p1V1 = p2V2
    Temperature is the constant.

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