Short Notes 3D

Some points to Remember

719,2 valuables
abc d d Iame
arbitrary different meaning

For curve line ete in 3D

any plane
coordinate is 1917.4.2
of any point
and in vector form xityj zk

variable vector
714,27 variables
w̅ valuable vector
Distance Formula
4 72172,22

PQ 247 Y 7,7 t 4
Internal Division Formula

P m R n

21,41 4 2.4.22

R my
1 m'mIf
mid point
GII Tiff f
External Division
2117437
911 R

R m

This.ME
Centroid Δ 3 4
of 9 9251,4254
Centroid tetrahedron
of
1 74 71 42 73 4 7
21473 221,23 243
 Direction cosines Direction Ratios
l cosα m Cosp n cost

14m m 1
Any three number proportional to limin
Al Am Xn are called d.es's or
say
direction number

Relation bw a bc and limn

l
ftp.in
I
f
m
19
Dials of line passing through 9.4.17
and 92 72 2 is
Ln 21 72 Y 22 47
D G's and D c's are same for parallel
lines and collinear vectors
ms
cl.im Cos lila miminin

He ms
Me

skew lines in 3D
 Coso 9192 b bat fees
can.be
go
D a's
F Ear
Camba

PLANE

General Form
an
by 12 d o with four unknowns

on Ant By CZ 1 0
with 3 unknown

Intercept Form

To find
intercept 0,2 0
n
y
2 0
y intercept
2 0

2 intercept 2 0 o
 Vector Equation 5

5
G 9 0

or T.tt T.tt a
o
Scalar product form
G ñ d
where d a ñ

Normal Form

Vector Cartesian

To n p nz d
enemy
b 1 distance from d 1 distance from
origin origin
d min dos's

Parametric Fooing

it and 111 to b and

passing through
 a X5 ME
Non Parametric Fooling

5 2
G a 0

E T E 0
G

lot 557 1955

Angle Between planes

between
Angle bw planes is same as angle
their normals nT ñ

so
T.IE
If Plane Parallel to Given Plane
Vector Form Contusion Foam
Any plane 111 to Any plane
111 to
G ñ di is an 2 1 0 is
by
G ñ dz 2 4 0
antby
 ST. LINE IN 3D

Non Symmetrical Foam St line

of
Two planes simultaneously represents st line
Line is common on both planes
dinably iz d 0 Intersection represents
Ant bayt 22 42 0 line
on
parallel

symmetrical form Plane

of
Cartesian Form
point A x Y 2
passing through fixed
and having die's 4 mins

If If reap
6H eq to a
General point of this line is
2
119 71 Marty no
 Line ACM 2 and
passing through
having d a's carb c

If If Means
San
all
ratio equal to no

General point ital 4,4 bd 2 CX

Lines passing through two fixed points

To find Intersection point line and a plane

of
L
L 9
If say
R
p
P ant C2 d 0
by

Any point on L R it α
Y β
21 18
and this point lies on plane P o
 so we a value
get
and
put X in R we
get required
intersection point line and plane
of
vector form of Line

Line passing through fixed point PV a

and parallel to D is

7 9 15

IT
a

with
Line passing through two points
position vector T and J is
a 5 8
Note T.tt di plane
T.no d2 plane
then the line these two
of intersection of
planes lies in these planes so it is
normal to the vector T and T and
hence
parallel to ñxnz

ñ
MIXTE

line
ñ

4 Angle Between Two Lines

vector AT XD
Foam
of MDI
bw and
Angle same as
angle biw
bi and bi
 i so
FILE
Cartesian 2
Form 77 1,11
1

CosD 9,92T bibs 412

FEEL aitbite

condition
of Perpendicularity
T.bz o veitomFoorm
a an biba City D artesian foam

condition Parallesin
of
I 11 bi or 1,2 5 Hector foam

It Cartesian form
PLANE THROUGH THE INTERSECTION OF TWO PLANES

The intersection
of two planes is always a st
line The plane containing the line of intersection
of two given blanes is known as the
plane
passing through the intersection
of two given
planes
Vector Form
The equation of plane passing through the
intersection the
of planes
T.AT d and T.no dz is
G ni di Jan 2 dz 0
or T.CM XN dit Ads where X is an

constant
arbitrary
Cartesian Form
The equation of a plane passing through
the intersection of air big 42 dio
and 92m 62 dz 0 is
bzy
di da
aint big ie an
by 92 0
whe is a constant
 Distance of a point From a Plane

vector Form

The length of the perpendicular from a point

having position vector a to the plane w̅ .ñ d
is given by
p 19 ñ d
171

Corollary distance from origin p Idl

151
The position vector of the foot of
perpendicular draw from the point Pa to
the plane G T d is a xñ where T.no d
1712

Cartesian Form

length of the perpendicular from

The a point

P 21 41,21 to the plane an by C2 d o is

given by
d Ian by 2 91
a b C2
 Distance Between the Parallel Planes

Vector Form
If G A d and G ñ d are

two parallel planes then distance

between them

d di da
Int

Cartesian Form
Let ant
bytcztd.IO
and cat dz be two
ant
by o

parallel planes
a

d Idi del d
924 b tC2
 A Planes Bisecting the Angles Between
Two Given Planes

Vector Foam
The equation of planes bisecting the
angles
between the planes
Toni d and T.ni

dsardil tet.mg
19.52 del
ITI 151

on T.AT d I 9.72 de
171 1721
a ni
on
4 G 4
or T MIN
1
Cartesian Form
The equation of the planes bisecting the
angles between the planes
aint big 92 41 0
and an
by 2T 42 0 are

a t d am 82 do
I by
f 922 bit et

Position Points w.at to

of plane

A 71 1 21

P 12
antby
d o

13 72 Y 22

If A and B are opposite side

then P divides AB internally
0

7 30
PICO
PAPB C O
 If A and B are same side
then P divides AB internally

i 20
1 0 so

Pa PB 70

Distance of a Point from a Line

Cartesian Form
Let PCap 8 be the given point and let
4 be the line
1 Yj given
P X β 8

A B

If If axial baty 7 7

step I write co ordinate L axtxi.bdtyi.CAT

 where L is the foot of perpendicular
drawn from Pthe given line
on

Step II write doo's of PL

Step Apply the condition of perpendicularity
the given line and PL
of
Step II obtain the value of X from step
step I substitute in a ax y bx 2 x

to obtain the coordinates of L

step Obtain PL using distance formula

Vector Form
Let PGI be the
given point and let
9 15 be the given
steps
Position vector
step I of any general point
on the line is a xD
given
Assume that this point L is required
foot of the 1 from P on the given line
step II obtain PT PV of I P.v of P
p a 5 x̅
step Put PT 5 0 i e xD 21.5 0

step II Obtain from step III

step I Put the value X obtained in
of
set in 9 9 15 to obtain the
position vector L
of
Step Find IPTI to obtain the required
length of the perpendicular

Image of a Point in a Plane

P 2 7,17

a
an
bytiztd.IO
P α
β
The coordinates of the image α.pro
point in the
of a 21,41 2 plane
C2 d o
an
by
are
given by
 269 by catd
It Bye 821 92 b C2
The coordinates 2,1318 of the foot
of the 1 from G 7 on the plane
d 0
ant
by CZT are
given by
fan by
V21
α 31 ca
β
A 11 92 b 12

Shortest Distance Between Two St Lines

Skew Lines Two straight lines in space which

are neither parallel nor intersecting
are called lines
skew
Thus the skew lines are those lines which
do not lie in the same plane
Line of shortance Distance

If l and 12 are two skew lines then

there is one and only one line perpendicular

to each of lines 1 and which is

known as the line shortest distance
 f
12 R

Line of shortest distance

7
11
Shortest Distance

The shortest distance between two lines

1 and is the distance PQ between
the points P and Q where the lines
of
shortest distance intersects the two given lines

Note If two lines intersect then the

shortest distance between them is zero If
two lines are parallel then the shortest
distance between them is the distance between
the two lines

Shortest Distance Between Two Skew Lines

Vestock Form
Theorem the shortest distance between the
lines at xbT and G attputs
is
given by
p xD 92 97
I

Condition for two given lines to intersect

If the lines b and Mbi

intersect then the shortest distance between
them is zero

5 5 ai ai o
15 bit

Babi la aT o

II be a 97 0
Cartesian Form

Theorem The shortest distance between the lines

2
4m

and 7 is given by
age mar
M 24 72 Y 22 21
11 Mi Mi

12 Me

Cm no man Chile net lime 12mi

Condition for two given lines to intersect

If the lines
4m
1
and
the The
 intersect then the shortest distance between
them is zero

72 21 72 71 22 21
0
I m n

12 Mz

Theorem If G at xD
and µF
be two lines then shortest distance between
them is given by

1k 9 51
III

Angle Between a Line And a Plane

The angle between a line and

plane is a

the complement
of the angle between the line
and normal to the plane
Vector Form
If 0 is the
angle
between a line
xD and the planet ñ d then

sino 5 A
1511M

Condition
of perpendicularity
If the line is perpendicular to the
plane then it is parallel to the normal
to the plane
i b AT for some scalar

Condition
of parallelism
If the line is parallel to the plane
then it is perpendicular to the normal to
the plane
i 5.7 0
 at
E xB

E0
To

G ñ d
K

Cartesian Form

If 0 is the angle between the line

2
The It
and the plane ant 24 d 0 then
by

sino alt Dm on

Fb c2 127m m
Condition
of
perpendicularity
If the line is perpendicular to the plane
then it is parallel to its normal

Therefore
g
eitmj.tn
and I ai by ck are parallel

Condition
of parallelism
If the line is parallel to the plane
then it is perpendicular to its normal
Therefore
D lit my ink and ñ
airbjtek
are perpendicular Consequently we have

5 ñ o al bm cn o
 Conditions for a Line To Lie in a Plane

Vector Form
Theorem If the line 9 9 75 lies
in the plane T.tt d then
5.5 0 and a.ñ d

Cartesian Form
Theorem If the line
2 lies in
the If
the plane ant CZ do then
by
an by C2 d o

and alt bmt in 0

Coplanarity of Two Lines

Vector Form
Theorem If the lines AT Abi and
I at pubs are coplanar then
AT bi D at bite
and the equation of the plane containing
them is
bi bi fat bi bi

or for bi bi bi I

Cartesian Form
Theorem If the line

and

are coplanar then

72 21 92 4 22 21
I m n D

12 Me

and the equation of the plane containing them is

N N Y Y 2 21

I m n 0

12 me
09 N 72 Y 92 2 22
l M M g

12 Me