Differential Pressure Transmitter PAD Manual

Operating Instructions
for
Smart Pressure Transmitter
Model: PAD
PAD
1. Contents
1. Contents ........................................................................................................ 2
2. Introduction ................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Using This Manual ............................................................................... 4
2.2 Overview of Transmitter ....................................................................... 5
2.3 Software Compatibility ......................................................................... 5
2.4 Transmitter Components ..................................................................... 6
3. Handling Cautions ....................................................................................... 10
3.1 Unpacking .......................................................................................... 11
3.2 Models and Specifications Check ...................................................... 11
3.3 Storage .............................................................................................. 11
3.4 Selecting the Installation Locations .................................................... 12
3.5 Performing Sensor Zero Trim after Installation .................................. 12
3.6 Pressure Connections........................................................................ 13
3.7 Waterproofing of Cable Conduit Connections .................................... 13
3.8 Restrictions on Use of Radio Transceivers ........................................ 13
3.9 Insulation Resistance Test and Dielectric Strength Test .................... 14
3.10 Installation of Explosion Protected Type Transmitters ....................... 15
3.11 Notes on the machine and pressure equipment directive .................. 20
4. Transmitter Functions ................................................................................. 20
4.1 Overview ............................................................................................ 20
4.2 Safety Message ................................................................................. 20
4.3 Warning ............................................................................................. 21
4.4 Fail Mode Alarm ................................................................................. 21
4.5 EEProm-Write Enable / Disable Mode Switch ................................... 23
4.6 Configuration of Alarm and Security Jumper Procedures .................. 24
4.7 Configuration Using Zero and Span Push Buttons ............................ 24
4.8 Additional Functions (valid for PAD-F only) ....................................... 35
4.9 Wiring Connections for External HHT/ Ammeter ................................ 42
5. Installation ................................................................................................... 43
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................ 43
5.2 Safety Message ................................................................................. 43
5.3 Warning ............................................................................................. 44
5.4 Commissioning on the bench with Hand-Held Terminal .................... 45
5.5 General Considerations ..................................................................... 46
5.6 Electrical Considerations ................................................................... 46
5.7 Wiring................................................................................................. 47
5.8 Mechanical Considerations ................................................................ 54
5.9 Environmental Considerations ........................................................... 56
6. On-line Operation ........................................................................................ 57
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................ 57
6.2 Safety Message ................................................................................. 57
6.3 Configuration Data Review ................................................................ 57
6.4 Check Output ..................................................................................... 58
6.5 Basic Setup........................................................................................ 58
6.6 Detailed Setup ................................................................................... 59
6.7 Tag Information set up ....................................................................... 59
6.8 Diagnostics and Services................................................................... 60
page 2 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

PAD
6.9 Calibration ......................................................................................... 60
6.10 Advance Set Up: ................................................................................ 61
7. Maintenance ............................................................................................... 62
7.1 Overview............................................................................................ 62
7.2 Safety Message ................................................................................. 62
7.3 Hardware Diagnostics........................................................................ 63
7.4 Hardware Maintenance...................................................................... 64
8. Appendix I ................................................................................................... 68
9. EU Declaration of Conformance ................................................................. 70
10. EU Type Examination Ex d ......................................................................... 72
11. EU Type Examination Ex ia ........................................................................ 74
Manufactured and sold by:
KOBOLD Instruments Inc.

1801 Parkway View Drive
Pittsburgh PA 15205-1422
Tel.: 412-788-2830
Fax: 412-788-2830
E-Mail: info@koboldusa.com
Internet: www.koboldusa.com
Version: 01/0918
PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 3

PAD
2. Introduction
The PAD Smart Pressure Transmitter is correctly calibrated at the factory before
shipment. To ensure correct and efficient use of the instrument, please read this
manual thoroughly and fully understand how to operate the instrument before
operating it
(1) The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice.
(2) All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form
without Kobold Messring’s written permission.
(3) If any question arises or errors are found, or if any information is missing from
this manual, please inform the nearest sales office.
(4) The specifications covered by this manual are limited to those for the
standard type under the specified model number break-down and do not
cover custom-made instrument.
(5) Please note that changes in the specifications, construction, or component
parts of the instrument may not immediately be reflected in this manual at the
time of change, provided that postponement of revisions will not cause
difficulty to the user from a functional of performance standpoint.
2.1 Using This Manual

The Chapters in this operating manual provide information on installing,
operating, and maintaining devices from KOBOLD Model PAD Smart Pressure
Transmitter. Chapters within this manual are organised as follows.
Chapter 3 Handling
Chapter 3 provides instructions on software functions, configuration parameters,
and online variables.
Chapter 4 Transmitter Functions

Chapter 4 contains instructions for configuring and commissioning Model PAD
Smart Pressure Transmitters.
Chapter 5 Installation
Chapter 5 contains mechanical, environment and electrical installation
instructions for Model PAD Smart Pressure Transmitters.

PAD
Chapter 6 On-line Operation
Chapter 6 describes the configuration process and how to use basic and
advanced Model PAD Smart Pressure Transmitter software functions during
configuration.
Included in these sections are details on using:-.
(1) Sensor or Output Trim
(2) Changing range configuration, Output Type, Damping, measurement units
etc.
(3) Change of general data such as Tag No. Date, Message etc.
Chapter 7 Maintenance
Chapter 7 contains hardware diagnostics, troubleshooting and maintenance
tasks.
Appendix I : List of Error Codes available on LCD display
2.2 Overview of Transmitter

Kobold Smart Pressure Transmitter are microprocessor based “smart” pressure
transmitters. It uses a piezoelectric/ capacitance pickup optimised & accurately
characterised with a patented temperature compensation algorithm for high
precision & long term stable gauge and absolute pressure measurements over a
wide range of operating conditions. PAD is a two wire loop power transmitter and
has a standard 4/20mA output scaled for desired output pressure range. In
addition it also offers digital HART® (digital signal superimposed over the
analogue output) communication that allows transmitting additional digital
parameters/diagnostic information for advanced control systems like DCS, PLC.
This transmitter can be configured remotely via HART® communication through a
HHT (HART® Hand-Held Terminal using DDL or DOF technology) or any HART®
enabled PC configurator. This allows critical variables to be changed, configured
and tested remotely by users. Note: For HART® Communication a minimum
250~500 Ohm loop resistance is mandatory between power supply and
transmitter.
2.3 Software Compatibility

KOBOLD Smart Pressure Transmitters are shipped from the factory with the
most up to date firmware. However as product developments and new features
are released a firmware update becomes necessary to incorporate these new
changes. As such transmitters with older firmware may restrict certain functions
when communicating with an external HHT (Model 275/375HART®
Communicator). There may also be some differences on supported functions on
the local push button menu based on the installed firmware revision of the
transmitter. This manual is based on firmware Revision 6.3. Function deviations
as to firmware Revision are same as in table below:

PAD
Function Supports
FUNCTION ZERO / SPAN Button HART
PC/UMPC
Version 6.3 or above 275/375
ZERO/SPAN ● ● ●
ZERO TRIM ● ● ●
ZERO Adj ● ● ●
Units set ● ● ●
Range set ● ● ●
Damping set ● ● ●
LCD Decimal set ● ● ∆
LCD Mode ● ● ∆
● : Supported.
∆ : Supported but update required
2.4 Transmitter Components

The various components of PAD Series Smart Pressure Transmitter are shown
below:
Figure 2-1. Model PAD Transmitter Exposed View (Housing)

PAD
Figure 2-2. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS (HOUSING)

PAD
Figure 2-3. Model PAD Exploded View (Sensor Module-D,G)
Figure 2-4. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS (SENSOR MODULE -D, G)

PAD
Figure 2-5. Model PAD Exploded View (Sensor Module-H)
Figure 2-6. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS (SENSOR MODULE -H)

PAD
3. Handling Cautions
This chapter consists of cautions for transmitter handling and storage, selection of
installation locations, insulation structure, etc.
[Quick Reference Manual]

Step Job Job Details Instrument
1 Unpacking - Unpack transmitter packing

Model and
- Make sure whether the delivered transmitter is same
2 Specifications Nameplate
as options attached on its nameplate
Check
- Places not exposed to water, non-vibration and non-
impact area
3 Storage
- Ambient temperature 25 deg C and relative humidity
65 % RH
- Configuration of Range, Zero/Span, Unit, Tag, - HHT
4 Calibration Bench Damping Time, Transfer Function, DA Trim and other - Pressure Source
parameters - Galvanometer
- Where ambient temperature is not fluctuated
- Where no corrosion happens by chemical materials,
Installation etc.
5 (Engineering)
Locations
- Where vibration and impact is not severe
- Where maintenance is very easy
Mechanical - Where transmitter can be handled easily
6 (Engineering)
Considerations - Be cautious of the pressure leaks
- Connect 24 VDC
Electrical (Recommended Power Supply is 11.9 VDC – 45 VDC)
7 (Engineering)
Considerations - For HART communication, total resistance on
transmitter terminal loop should be 250 – 550 Ohm.
- For mounting transmitter, an appropriate bracket
Mounting and should be used. (Mounting and
8
Installation Installation)
- Transmitter should be firmly to its bracket.
- Sensor Zero Trim is highly recommended during first
installation and start-up. During a Zero trim the zero
Calibration on baseline of transmitter is established. HHT or
9
Spot Zero/Span button
- Before initiating zero trim make sure that PV value of
transmitter is zero and current output is at 4 mA
- Do not apply the differential and/or full line pressure
suddenly.
(Applying
10 Pressure - Close equalizing valve of 3/5 valve manifold, then, pressure)
open stop valve on high and low side slowly and
simultaneously.
11 Operation - Make sure that transmitter operates within specs. Visual or HHT

PAD
3.1 Unpacking
When moving the transmitter to the installation site, transfer it in its original
packaging. Only unpack the transmitter on site of installation to avoid damage
during transit.
3.2 Models and Specifications Check

The model name and specifications are indicated on the top name plate fixed to
the transmitters. Please check your specification and model supplied for your
installation.
3.3 Storage
The following precautions must be observed when storing the instrument,
especially for a long period.
(1) Select a storage area that meets the following conditions:

(a) It is not directly exposed to rain, water, snow or sun light.
(b) It is exposed to minimum vibration and shock.
(c) If possible, it is advisable to store at normal temperature and humidity
(approx. 25 °C, 65 % RH).
However, it can also be stored under ambient temperature and relative humidity
within the following published ranges.
Ambient Temperature: -40 ~ 80 °C (with LCD module) *

* General use only. For explosion proof versions follow product certification
requirements.
Relative Humidity: 5 % ~ 98 % RH (at 40 °C)
(2) When storing the transmitter, repack with original (or similar) packaging that
was shipped from the factory.
(3) If storing a transmitter that has already been used, thoroughly clean all wetted
parts including diaphragm seals (if installed), process connections/manifolds
in contact with process fluid. In addition, make sure before storing the
transmitter that remote seal (if supplied) assemblies are securely mounted.

PAD
3.4 Selecting the Installation Locations

The transmitter is designed to withstand severe environmental conditions.
However, to ensure stable and accurate operation for many years, the following
precautions must be observed when selecting an installation location.
(1) Ambient Temperature

Avoid locations subject to wide temperature variations or a significant
temperature gradient. If the location is exposed to radiant heat from plant
equipment, provide adequate insulation or ventilation.
(2) Ambient Atmosphere
Avoid installing the transmitter in a corrosive atmosphere. If the transmitter
must be installed in a corrosive atmosphere, there must be adequate
ventilation as well as measures to prevent intrusion or stagnation of rainwater
in conduits. Moreover, there should be appropriate ventilation preventing
corrosion by rain gathered on conduit.
(3) Shock and Vibration
Select an installation site suffering minimum shock and vibration (although
the transmitter is designed to be relatively resistant to shock and vibration)
(4) Accessibility
Select location that provides easy access for maintenance & calibration.
(5) Installation of Explosion Protected Transmitters.
Explosion – protected transmitters can be installed in hazardous areas
according to gas types for which they are certified.
3.5 Performing Sensor Zero Trim after Installation

(1) Sensor Zero Trim should be done after transmitter is installed because zero
point can shift due to mounting status of the sensor pick up.
(2) For Sensor Zero Trim, make input pressure of transmitter zero prior to
initiating zero trim calibration. Any Sensor Trim done in field must be carried
out after installation is finalized and with transmitter position fixed. Also if
applying external pressure ensure the display is sufficiently stabilized (after
approximately 10 to 15 seconds) before initiating any Trim function.
(3) There are two recommendations for making input pressure “zero”. One is to
apply a “zero” pressure source (mandatory for absolute pressure models).
The second option is to open equalizing valve of manifolds and venting to
atmospheric pressure (allowed only for Gauge type models).
(4) Sensor Zero Trim can be performed using an external HHC (Hand held
calibrator), PC or PDA configurator, and/ or using Zero/Span local push
buttons provided on the transmitter.
(5) When using local push buttons please refer to Chapter 4.7 of this manuals for
detailed instructions. If using an external HHT or HART® PC configurator
please refer to the user manuals supplied by the third party supplier.

PAD
3.6 Pressure Connections
▲ Warning
Instrument installed in the process is under pressure. Never loosen or tighten the
flange bolts as it may cause dangerous spouting of process fluid.
If the accumulated process fluid may be toxic or otherwise harmful, take
appropriate care to avoid contact with the body or inhalation of vapors even after
dismounting the instrument from process line for maintenance.
The following precautions must be observed in order to safely operate the

transmitter under pressure.
(1) Never apply a pressure higher than the maximum working pressure specified
on the nameplate.
(2) Use adequate seals for leak tight process connections and use only quality
and standardized parts.
(3) Regularly inspect for signs of leakage and apply corrective actions when
necessary.
3.7 Waterproofing of Cable Conduit Connections

Apply a non-hardening sealant (silicone or tape, etc.) to the threads to waterproof
the transmitter cable conduit connections.
3.8 Restrictions on Use of Radio Transceivers

▲ Warning
Although the transmitter has been designed to resist high frequency electrical noise,
if a radio transceiver is used near the transmitter or its external wiring, the
transmitter may be affected by high frequency noise pickup. To test for such effects,
bring the transceiver in use slowly from a distance of several meters from the
transmitter, and observe the measurement loop for noise effects. Thereafter, always
use the transceiver outside the area affected by noise.

PAD
3.9 Insulation Resistance Test and Dielectric Strength Test

Since the transmitter has undergone insulation resistance and dielectric strength
tests at the factory before shipment, normally these tests are not required.
However, if required, observe the following precautions in the test procedures.
(1) Do not perform such tests more frequently than is absolutely necessary. Even
test voltages that do not cause visible damage to the insulation may degrade
the insulation and reduce safety margins.
(2) Never apply a voltage exceeding 500 VDC (100 VDC with an internal lightening
protector) for the insulation resistance test, nor a voltage exceeding 500 VAC
(100 VAC with an internal lighting protector) for the dielectric strength test.
(3) Before conducting these tests, disconnect all signal lines from the transmitter
terminals. Perform the tests in the following procedure.
(4) Insulation Resistance test

(a) Short-circuit the + and - SUPPLY terminals in the terminal box.
(b) Turn OFF the insulation tester. Then connect the insulation tester plus (+)
lead wire to the shorted SUPPLY terminals and the minus (-) lead wire to
the grounding terminal.
(c) Turn ON the insulation tester power and measure the insulation
resistance. The voltage should be applied as short as possible to verify
that insulation resistance is at least 20 MΩ.
(d) After completing the test and being very careful not to touch exposed
conductors disconnect the insulation tester and connect a 100KΩ resister
between the grounding terminal and the short-circuiting SUPPLY
terminals. Leave this resistor connected at least three second to
discharge any static potential. Do not touch the terminal while it is
discharging.
(5) Dielectric Strength Test

(a) Short-circuit the + and - SUPPLY terminals in the terminal box.
(b) Turn OFF the dielectric strength tester. Then connect the tester between
the shorted SUPPLY terminal and the grounding terminal. Be sure to
connect the grounding lead of the dielectric strength tester to the ground
terminal.
(c) Set the current limit on the dielectric strength tester to 10mA, then turn
ON the power and gradually increase the tester voltage from '0' to the
specified voltage.
(d) When the specified voltage is reached, hold it for one minute.
(e) After completing this test, slowly decrease the voltage to avoid any
voltage surges.

PAD
3.10 Installation of Explosion Protected Type Transmitters
3.10.1 ATEX Approval Explosion Proof

ATEX Certification number: KEMA 10ATEX0141 X Issue Number: 2
CE 0158 II 2 G
Note 1. Model PAD for potentially explosive atmosphere

Ex d IIC T6...T4 Gb
Operating Temperature : -20℃≤ Tamb  +60C
T6 for process ≤ 85 C;
T5 for process ≤ 100 C;
T4 for process ≤ 130 C
Note 2. Electrical Data

Supply Voltage : 11.9…42 VDC
Output Signal : 4 to 20 mA + HART
Note 3. Electrical Connection: see ordering table
Note 4. PAD ATEX Certification is according to the below standards

EN 60079-0:2012 + A11
EN 60079-1:2007
Note 5. Installation
 All wiring shall comply with local installation requirement.
 The cable glands and blanking elements shall be of a certified flameproof type,
suitable for the condition of use and correctly installed. Also those devices
should be endured at the 130C.
 Housing Ground must be followed to “local electrical codes”. The most efficient
ground procedure is to connect directly to the earth as least impedance.
 How to Ground the Housing:

* Internal Ground Connection: Open rear cover on transmitter, there is a bolt
for ground with a grounding mark
* External Ground Assembly: On the left side of transmitter, there is a bolt for
ground with a grounding mark (for grounding use a cable lug)
* Housing rotation hexa screw bolt shall be screwed tightly in order to hold the
position of transmitter
 When use tubing, stopping boxes must be connected with the wall of housing
directly.
 Tubing is installed a minimum of 5 threads.
 Sensor is to be threaded a minimum of 7 threads and prevented from turning
by tightening the housing rotation set screw.
 Do not disassemble flameproof Joints but in an unavoidable case to
disassemble it or need the specification of flameproof Joints, contact the
manufacturer before doing.

PAD
▲ Warning
Ensure the correct wiring of power cable. Do not connect the power cable on
Test +/- connection, as this may result in transmitter defect or mal-function.
Note 6. Operation
 WARNING-DO NOT OPEN WHEN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE MAY BE
PRESENT
 Take care not to generate mechanical spark when access to the instrument
and peripheral devices in hazardous location.
Note 7. Maintenance and Repair

 The instrument modification or parts replacement by other than authorized
representative of KOBOLD Messring GmbH is prohibited and will void
KEMA/ATEX Explosion-proof / Flame-proof.

PAD
3.10.2 ATEX Approval Intrinsic Safe

ATEX Certificate Number : DEKRA 18ATEX0092 X
Equipment or protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres
– Directive 2014/34/EU
The marking of the product shall include the following:
II 1 G or 2 G Ex ia llC T5 or T4 Ga or Gb
For T5: -30 to 40 deg C
For T4: -30 to 80 deg C
Electric Safety Parameter (Ui, Ii, Pi, Ci, Li)

● Ui = 30 Vdc
● Ii = 200 mA
● Pi = 0.9 W
● Ci = 27 nF
● Li = 104 uH
Compliance with Essential Health and Safety Requirements assured with:

EN 60079-0:2009
EN 60079-11:2007
EN 60079-26:2007
Safety Instructions: General

 Comply with the installation and safety instructions in the operating
instructions.
 Staff must meet the following conditions for mounting, electrical
installation, commissioning and maintenance of the device:
- Be suitable qualified for their role and the tasks they perform
- Be trained in explosion protection
- Be familiar with national regulations
 Install the device according to the manufacturer’s instruction and national
regulations
 Only use the device in media to which the wetted materials have sufficient
durability.
 Avoid electrostatic charging:
- Of plastic surface (e.g. housing, sensor element, special varnishing,
attached additional plates,...)
- Of isolated capacities (e.g. isolated metallic plates)
Safety Instructions: Special Conditions

The non-metallic parts incorporated in the enclosure of this equipment may
generate an ignition capable level of electrostatic charge. Therefore particularly
when it is used for application that specifically require Group IIC, EPL Ga
equipment, the equipment shall not be installed in a location where the external
conditions can result in the build-up of electrostatic charge on such surfaces.
Additionally, the equipment shall only be cleaned with a damp cloth.

PAD
Models with enclosures made of aluminium (ASTM B85) are considered to
present a potential risk of ignition by impact or friction. Care must be taken during
installation and use to prevent impact or friction. Particularly, it must not be used
for applications that specifically require EPL Ga equipment.
The insulation between the intrinsically safe circuit and the frame of the
equipment is not capable of withstanding a 500 V dielectric strength test as
defined in clause 6.3.12 of EN 60079-11:2007. This shall be taken into account
during installation.
▲ Warning
 There are two cable entries. User shall select one of them to wire the
cable.
 Make sure to use a cable gland at one cable entry with sufficient
protection category and suiting the outer cable diameter used. The
second cable entry shall be blocked by using a conduit plug or any other
parts.
 For hazardous area usage, the choice of cable gland should suit the
application and fulfill the corresponding certification requirements & end
user’s requirement.
INSTALLATION
◈ Wiring is to be carried out only by qualified staff.
◈ The power supply voltage limits shall not be exceeded.
◈ Maintenance and repair should be isolated by power supply and any pressure.
◈ Wiring methods and length of cable of power supply cable and ground cable
should be considered by proper Ex condition.
◈ Transmitter has the ‘reverse polarity protection diode’ in order to prevent failure
in the field while wiring +, - power supply voltage. However if the wiring is not
performed correctly or wrong terminals on rear terminal board are used for
power supply, the transmitter may malfunction.

PAD
◈ Any additional part or accessory connected to transmitter shall have correct
approval certificate to comply with the given Ex/ Non-Ex requirement. Cable
gland, connector, adapter or any other connection used shall have the
appropriate certification/ approval for use with the transmitter
◈ Additional electrical connection parts shall only be plugged by suitable plugs.
◈ Grounding of housing shall follow the “Local Electrical Codes”. For grounding a
wire cross section of at least 4 mm2 is recommended.
◈ Any cable grand must be approved by Ex condition in hazardous area.
◈ Connecting point of any joint (thread) parts should be followed by IEC 60079-1,
5.3 clause.
◈ Housing Grounding
● Internal Ground Connection: Open rear cover on transmitter, the ground bolt
is located inside with grounding mark
● External Ground Assembly: On the left side of transmitter, there is a bolt for
ground with grounding mark (for grounding use a cable lug).
● Housing Rotation hexa screw bolt shall be screwed tightly in order to hold
the position of transmitter.
◇ Compliance for intrinsically safety is ensured only if the intrinsically safe safety
barrier complies with safety parameters as provided in the relevant ATEX
certification
◇ To comply with intrinsic safe system concept, the transmitter is connected with
the safety barrier in a loop (see chapter 5.7. Wiring).
◇ To assure an Intrinsic Safety System, the transmitter and barrier must be
wired in accordance with the barrier manufacturer’s field wiring instructions
and the applicable circuit diagram.
Warning
The entity concept allows interconnection of intrinsic safe apparatus to
associated apparatus not specifically examined in combination as a
system.
◇ The approved value of open circuit max. voltage Uo, max. short circuit current
Io and max. power Po in associated equipments are should be less than or
equal for max. safe input voltage Uo, max. input current Ii and max. safe
power Pi of the transmitter with Ex ia.
◇ The approved value of max. capacitance Co in associated equipments should
be bigger than total value of capacitance Ci in transmitter with Ex ia + cable
capacitance in associated equipment.
◇ The approved value of max. inductance Lo should be bigger than total value
of inductance Li in transmitter with Ex ia + cable inductance in associated
equipment.
Equip with Ex ia Comparison Associated Equipment
Ui = 30 VDC ≥ Uo
Ii = 200 mA ≥ Io
Pi = 0.9 W ≥ Po
Ci = 27 nF < Co
Li = 104 uH < Lo

PAD
Operating
◇ Do not open or disassemble of the transmitter in Ex area or while operating.

◇ Do not make any spark in Ex area with Kobold transmitters.
Caution
External load resistance includes the safety barrier resistance for intrinsic
safety device.
3.11 Notes on the machine and pressure equipment directive

When used in machines, the measuring unit should be used only when the
machines fulfil the EC-machine guidelines.
as per PED 2014/68/EU
"Pressure gauges with a volume ≤ 0.1 L"

In acc. with Article 4 Paragraph (3), "Sound Engineering Practice", of the PED
2014/68/EU no CE mark.
Diagram 2
Vessels referred to in Article 4(1)(a)(i), second indent
4. Transmitter Functions
4.1 Overview
This Chapter contains information on operating Model PAD. Tasks that should be
performed on the bench prior to installation are explained in this chapter.
4.2 Safety Message

Procedures and instructions in this chapter may require special precautions to
ensure the safety of the personal performing the operations. Information that
raises potential safety issues is indicated by warning symbol (▲). Refer to the
following safety messages before performing an operation preceded by this
symbol.

PAD
4.3 Warning
▲ Warning
Electrical can result in death serious injury:
 Avoid contact with the leads and terminals. High voltage that may be present
on leads can cause electrical shock.
▲ Warning
 Only qualified & trained personnel should be allowed to operate these
transmitters.
4.4 Fail Mode Alarm

Kobold Smart Pressure Transmitter automatically and continuously performs self-
diagnostic routines. If the self-diagnostic routines detect a failure, the transmitter
drives its output outside of the normal saturation values. The transmitter will drive
its output low (down) or high (up) based on the position of the failure mode alarm
jumper . See Table 4.1 for Output values.
[Table 4-1 Standard Alarm and Saturation Value]
Level 4~20 mA Saturation 4~20 mA Alarm

Low/Down 3.9 mA ≤ 3.75 mA
High/Up 20.8 mA ≥ 21.75 mA
Fail Mode Selection (Fail High/UP or Low/DOWN) can be configured using the
appropriate jumper switch provided on the LCD Module or DIP switches included
on the Main CPU Module. For units provided with a LCD module one can select
desired fail safe mode directly from the jumper switch included in the front display
and this setting overrides the DIP settings on the back-end Main CPU module,
provided the DIP switch “2” on CPU module is DOWN. If DIP switch “2” on CPU
module is UP, this setting overrides the jumper setting on LCD module. Default
setting from the factory is “Fail Down” (DIP Switch “2” on CPU Module is DOWN).
However in case of blind units please select your required DIP switch settings
from the DIP switch labelled (2) marked on the Main CPU board. Recommended
jumper & DIP settings are listed in the table below for ready reference.
Both LCD Module and CPU Only CPU

Select Fail
Module Module
Mode
CPU Module LCD Module CPU Module
Fail Down Down D D
Down U
Fail Up U
Up U or D

PAD
< Fail Mode Selection DIP Switch of CPU Module >
UP
DOWN
1. WR_EN (EEPROM Write Enable)

DOWN : ENABLE CONFIGURATION CHANGES
UP : DISABLE/ LOCK CONFIGURATION CHANGES
2. Fail Mode(Alarm)
DOWN : LOW
UP : HIGH
Note: DIP Switch (1) shown on Left in Fig 4-1 is for Write Enable/ Disable
selection. DIP switch (2) shown on right in Fig 4-1 is for Fail Mode.
(Figure 4-1. Fail Mode and EEPROM-Write Selection DIP Switch)
< Fail Mode Selection Jumper Switch of LCD Module >
U O O O U O O O D O O O D
(FAIL MODE DOWN, FAIL MODE SELECT (FAIL MODE UP,
place jumper to right) place jumper to left)
Figure 4-2 Fail Mode Selection Jumper Switch of LCD Module

PAD
4.5 EEProm-Write Enable / Disable Mode Switch
PAD includes an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory) that allows saving and restoring various configuration data within the
transmitter on power failure. To lock configuration and protect changes to stored
configuration data, one can use a HHC and or external HART® enabled PC
device to enable a software lock feature under Status menu. Optionally for
security lock on hardware side there is a Write-Protect Mode DIP Switch (1) on
the Main CPU Module placed right next to the Fail Safe Mode switch (2). If you
push DIP switch to UP you can lock out users from making any changes to
configuration data through push buttons and/ or remote HHC already saved in the
EEPROM. Alternatively when you push DIP Switch (1) to DOWN you can allow
changes made to configuration data in EEPROM. Default state from factory
(including with NO Jumpers) installed is EN (enable configuration changes).
CPU Module Jumper Switch

1) EEPROM Write Selection
2) Fail Mode Selection
Figure 4-3. CPU Module Fail Mode, EEPROM-Write Selection Jumper Switch
Note: DIP Switch (1) shown on Left in Fig 4-1 is for Write Enable/ Disable
selection.
DIP switch (2) shown on right in Fig 4-1 is for Fail Mode.
4.5.1 Security
To quickly summarize there are three options available to implement
configuration security
lock out within the PAD. These include:
(1) DIP settings on CPU Board
(2) Software enable/ disable on Write function using HHT or HART® PC.
(3) Physically removing Zero and Span Magnetic Buttons from Transmitter
thereby restricting local access to push button menus. This option will still
allow changes via a remote HHT or HART® enabled configurator.

PAD
4.5.2 Zero and Span Magnetic Push Buttons

To access push buttons please remove top name plate to expose the magnetic
style push buttons labelled zero/ span. To disable please unscrew and remove
these push buttons.
4.6 Configuration of Alarm and Security Jumper Procedures

To change Jumper/ DIP switch position in field:
(1) If transmitter is already wired and installed, cut off power.
(2) Open the housing front side covers.
Warning: In hazardous areas DO NOT open the covers of Transmitter when

power is energized as this can create a potential dangerous situation.
Always kill power and de-energize the transmitter prior to opening front OR
back covers in a hazardous location.
(3) Adjust required jumper/ DIP position as detailed in section 4.4 & 4.5 above.
(4) Close the housing covers. You must fully engage all cover threads to ensure
compliance to explosion proof requirements
4.7 Configuration Using Zero and Span Push Buttons

There are ZERO and SPAN Buttons to be seen when the nameplate is opened
(Figure 4-4). You may reconfigure the function settings of ZERO, SPAN, ZERO
TRIM, ZERO ADJ, Units, Range, Damping, LCD and Decimal place, using
ZERO / SPAN buttons.
[Figure 4-4 Transmitter Zero/Span configuration Buttons]

PAD
(a) Unscrew both name plate screws on upper part of transmitter.
(b) Flip the name plate to access Zero and Span Buttons. (Figure 4-4)
Caution: Do not fully unscrew all screws in order not to lose them.
4.7.1 Advance Configuration via Push Buttons

The advanced “smart” functions which can be initiated using ZERO / SPAN
Buttons are shown below. This includes re-ranging of transmitters (Set URV/LRV)
without an external pressure source.
To access advanced configuration and enter programming menu press both

(Zero + Span) buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds. When display reads
“MENU” release both push buttons immediately. This will put user into top of main
programming menu indicated by message “1-TRIM” on display. To navigate
through Main Menus and/ or Sub-Menus:
(1) Use (Zero) button to scroll down a menu (or sub-menu if active).
Example: Press/ Release (Zero) to scroll down from Main Menu 1-Trim> 2-
Setup > 3-LCD>1-Trim > 2-Setup etc. Or from an active sub-menu press/
release (Zero) to scroll down within a sub menu Example 21-Units> 22-URL >
23-LRL > 24-Damping > 21-Units > 22-URL etc.
(2) Use (Span) button to enter into a specific Sub Menu or data input function.
Example: Pressing (Span) button from Main Menu <1-TRIM> will put user into
Sub menu “11 ZERO TRIM”. Releasing and Pressing (Span) button again will
initiate Zero Trim configuration OR Releasing and Pressing (Zero) button
instead will increment user down to submenu “12 Z- ADJ”
(3) Within an active sub-menu use of (Span) button also acts as an <enter> key
to allow user to save changes and exit programming mode.
(4) For moving back to previous menu press (Zero + Span) button together.
During numeric value entry mode use (Zero + Span) button together to save
numeric data inputted and exit from programming menu. See 4.7.3.3 below.
Caution: After 30 seconds inactivity the automatic time out feature will
default user back to normal measurement mode with a “BT-Err”
message on display. Please refer to Appendix 1 for LCD display
messages and the button errors.

PAD
4.7.2 Button functions and Purpose

Grey colour parts in the following menu tree in section 4.7.3
Function Purpose Remark

Sets the current process value for Lower
Zero
Range Value (4 mA)
Sets the current process value for Upper
Span
Range Value (20 mA)
To modify exact “zero shift” to
Zero Trim
compensate for the mounting position
allows user to add a pre-defined offset
Zero Adjustment
(other than zero) to measured PV
Change Unit To modify units as user desires
Change Upper Range To modify upper range value as user
Value desires
Change Lower Range To modify lower range value as user
Value desires
Modifies damping setting based on the
required response time, signal stability,
Damping Second
and other requirements of the loop
dynamics of your system
Change LCD Mode To modify LCD Mode as user desires
Decimal Place To modify decimal place as user desires

PAD
4.7.3 Menu Tree of ZERO/ SPAN Button Functions
4.7.3.1 Zero Configuration

- Sets the current process value for Lower Range Value (4 mA).
- Apply zero value pressure for 10 seconds and press ZERO button over 3
seconds. The LCD should display “ZERO”. After checking this message,
remove finger from the button.
- After 1 second, push the Zero button for 3 seconds. The LCD should display “-
ZR-“. This message means that the Zero configuration is completed and
saved.
- If Zero Configuration was incorrectly performed the LCD will display error code
“ZR-ERR” indicating failure and possible LRV setting out of sensor range
capabilities. Try repeating the Zero configuration steps.

PAD
4.7.3.2 Span Configuration
- Sets the current process value for Upper Range Value (20 mA).
- Apply the desired pressure for 10 seconds and press SPAN button over 3
seconds. The LCD should display “SPAN”. After checking this message,
remove finger from the button.
- After 1 second, push the Span button for 3 seconds. The LCD should display “-
SP-“. This message means that the Span configuration is completed and
saved.
- If the Span configuration was incorrectly performed the LCD will display error
code “SP-ERR” indicating failure and possible URV setting out of sensor range
capabilities. Try repeating the Span configuration steps.
4.7.3.3 STEPS TO INPUT NUMERIC DATA VALUE:

Specific functions that need users to input a numerical value are found in
following sub-menus:
12 Zero Adjustment,
22 Change Upper Range Value,
23 Change Lower Range Value,
24 Damping Second
First time users should familiarize themselves with numeric value input sequence
prior to accessing above sub menus. Due to limited flexibility with only 2 push
buttons
available for configuration, it is not possible to directly input numeric values within
these sub-menus. Instead, the correct sequence requires user to first set an
increment (10x) rate e.g. 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10. 100, 1000 etc and then proceed with
changing numeric value by the set rate increment.
For example, to input a numeric value as “3810” from existing displayed value of
“0000”:
->First Set increment rate as “1000”
->Increase display “0000” value 3 times in steps of 1000 till it reads “3000”
->Then set increment rate again as “100”
->Increase 8 times in steps of 100 till display reads “3800”
->Set increment rate again as 10
->Increase 1 time for a step change of 10 till display reads 3810.
This section outlines the push button sequence for facilitating direct
numeric value input from following sub-menus :
“12 Zero Adjustment”, “22 Change Upper Range Value”,

“23 Change Lower Range Value” and “24 Damping”.
When activating these sub-menus (by pushing down & releasing (span) button
from within its active menu) the display will automatically prompt for “SEL INC”
message.

PAD
From here:
(a) To select an increment rate push down on (Zero) button when “SEL INC”
Message is displayed on LCD sub-menu. Release (Zero) button when display
value changes.
Each subsequent (Zero) push-release key stroke will shift display decimal
point to left. Example when display shows “SEL INC” 1000. Subsequently for
every push release keystroke of (Zero) button the display will cycle from
>100>10>1>0.1>0.01>100>10 etc
(b) Once desired “SEL INC” (0.1, 1, 10, 100 etc) increment rate is set push the
(Span) button to accept and enable set numeric “VALUE” mode.
Note: When executing (Span) button from “SEL INC” menu the LCD display
will typically show the last saved numerical value along with a “VALUE”
message on second line indicating that user can now initiate changes by
incrementing or decrementing numeric value.
(c) From within “VALUE” menu pushing down on either (Zero) OR (Span) button
(not both) will allow the numeric value to increment (Zero) or decrement
(Span) by the “SEL INC” value selected by user in the previous step (b).
(d) After desired numeric value is displayed, push down on (Zero + Span) buttons
together to accept new data inputted and this will bring user back to <SEL
INC> menu. Step (a) screen above.
(e) Repeat steps (a) through (c) detailed above until the final numeric value
required is displayed in “VALUE” Menu.
(f) To store final numeric value to EEProm push (Zero + Span) button twice to
save and exit. Note pressing Zero + Span once from “VALUE” menu will bring
user back to “SEL INC” menu step (a). However pressing (Zero + Span)
buttons together second time (from “SEL INC” menu) and releasing these
buttons, when screen shows “INC OK” message, will save the last numeric
value inputted and brings the user back to Measurement Mode.
(g) If the programming sequence is successful, the display will read –DONE- else
“BR-ERR” to indicate failure. If display shows “RANGOVR” it indicates
numerical value inputted is out of specs.
4.7.4 Push Button sequence for each Programming Sub-Menu

4.7.4.1 ZERO TRIM (Sub Menu 11)
- Enter programming menu by pushing both (ZERO+SPAN) buttons together
for 3 seconds. Release buttons when LCD displays MENU and display will
automatically change to “1 TRIM” confirming access into programming
menu.
- Access “Zero Trim” Function by pressing the SPAN button until “11 Z-TRIM”
message appears.
- To save the settings, press SPAN button again until “-TR-“ message
appears.
Important Note: make sure process input to transmitter is at true zero
else this may create an incorrect Zero Offset. If a wrong zero is
suspected please execute Zero Trim again ensuring the proper steps &
correct Zero PV input is applied to transmitter.

PAD
4.7.4.2 ZERO ADJUSTMENT (Sub Menu 12)
- Example used to show changing the PV value as 14
- Enter programming menu by pushing both (ZERO + SPAN) buttons together
menu.
- Access Zero Trim Function by pressing the SPAN button until “11 Z-TRIM”
message appears.
- Press ZERO button until the “12 Z-ADJ” message appears.
- Press SPAN button to access the “Zero Adjustment” function.
- When the “SEL INC” message appears, press ZERO button repetitively until
LCD value changes to 10.0. Select it as increment rate by pressing SPAN
button.
- When “VALUE” message appears on display, increment forward (Zero) or
decrement backward (Span) to set the LCD value to “10.0”. You will note the
LCD display will increment or decrement by factor of 10 which is the “SEL
INC” value selected in previous menu. Once desired base value of “10” is
displayed push (Zero + Span) button to accept new value and “SEL INC”
message appears upon which release buttons.
- From menu where “SEL INC” message appears again, change the LCD
value to 1.0 by pushing (Zero) button once and then push (Span) button to
enter input “VALUE” menu.
- Here push (Zero) or (Span) to increment or decrement by SEL INC (1) until
display reads “14” . Push (Zero + Span) button after LCD value is changed
to 14.0 and release both buttons when display reads “SEL INC”.
- To save the numeric value of 14 set from previous steps push ZERO +
SPAN buttons until the “IN_OK” message appears.
- Release ZERO + SPAN buttons. Message “ZA” confirms that Zero
Adjustment is finished.
- If display shows “BT-ERR” instead of –ZA- please repeat all steps once
again.
- If display shows “ADJ-U” or “ADJ-L” the inputted numerical value is out of
specs for zero adjustment range for the supplied range codes.
4.7.4.3 CHANGE UNITS (Sub-Menu 21)

- Enter programming menu by pushing both (ZERO+SPAN) buttons together
menu.
- Move to the next menu by pressing ZERO button until the “2 SETUP”
message appears.
- Press SPAN button to access 21 UNIT, press SPAN button to access
function of “Change Unit”. To execute this function push SPAN button.
Release button when display changes to 211 (xxx) where “ xxx “ are the last
units (e.g. bar, kpa, “H2O etc) saved previously.
- Press ZERO button repetitively until the desired unit is displayed on the
bottom of the LCD. Save and exit by pressing (Span) button.

PAD
4.7.4.4 CHANGE Upper Range Value (Sub-Menu 22)
menu.
message appears.
- Press SPAN button until the “21 Unit” message appears.
- Press ZERO button until the 22 U-RNG message appears.
- Press SPAN button to access function “Change Upper Range Value”.
- Follow Set numeric value procedure explained under section 4.7.3.3 to
- input desired URV numeric value.
4.7.4.5 CHANGE Lower Range Value (Sub-Menu 23)

menu.
- Move to the next menu by pressing the Zero button until the “2 SETUP”
message appears.
- Press SPAN button until the “21 Unit” message appears.
- Press ZERO button until the “23 L-RNG” message appears.
- Press SPAN button to access function “Change Lower Range Value”.
- Follow Set numeric value procedure explained under section 4.7.3.3 to input
desired LRV numeric value.
Note: When setting URV/ LRV numeric data please ensure values being
inputted fall within the allowed minimum/maximum specifications
published for the installed sensor range code. Only if display shows –
DONE- will the transmitter update its stored configuration & accept the new
values. If out of limits the transmitter will reject values entered and default
to previous saved values after displaying a “RNGOVR” error message.

PAD
4.7.4.6 CHANGE Damping Value (Sub-Menu 24)
- Enter programming menu by pushing both (ZERO + SPAN) button together
for 3 seconds. Release buttons when LCD displays Menu and display will
menu.
- Push (Zero) button when “1 TRIM” message appears on LCD.
Release button when display changes to “2 SETUP”.
- To move into sub directory push (Span) button when “2 SETUP” message
appears on display. Release button when 21 UNIT message is displayed.
- Push (Zero) button to move down to sub-menu 22. When display shows “22
U-RNG” release button.
L-RNG” release button.
DAMP” release button.
- You are now in Change Damping sub menu. To execute this function push
(Span) button when“24-Damping”message appears on display. Release
button when display changes to 241 (xxxx) when xxxx is last configured
damping value saved.
- Follow Set numeric value procedure explained under section 4.7.3.3 to input
desired URV numeric value.
4.7.4.7 CHANGE LCD Mode (Cyclic or Fixed Display) (Sub-Menu 31)

for 3 seconds. Release buttons when LCD displays Menu and display will
menu.
message appears.
- Move to the next menu by pressing ZERO button until the “3 LCD” message
appears
- Press SPAN button until “31 LCD-MD” message appears. Press SPAN
button again to access function “LCD Multi-display”.
- Press ZERO button repetitively until the desired display form is displayed on
the bottom of the LCD (see table below for different options).

PAD
Message
Definition Description Remark
on LCD
Indicating the value with PV, %,
NOR_RO Normal Rotation Mode
mA units as continually on LCD
Indicating measured PV value
NOR_PV Normal PV Mode
only on LCD
Indicating percentage of Cal. Range
NOR_% Normal Percent Mode
of measuring PV value on LCD
Indicating 4 ~ 20 mA value depending
NOR_mA Normal mA Mode
on measured PV value on LCD
Indicating the value with Engineering
Engineering Rotation
ENG_RO PV, Engineering %, Engineering
Mode
mA units as continually on LCD
Indicating changed PV value with
ENG_PV Engineering PV Mode
modified Engineering range
- To save the settings, press SPAN button. And indicating “DONE” message.
Important Note: Always select only one of NOR (normal) modes. Though it
is possible to set ENG (engineering) modes also from this menu it is not
recommended unless specific Engineering mode parameters such as
engineering units, High/Low values, Linear/Sq-Root functions etc have
been pre-configured either from factory ( if specified on your order) or
using an external HHC based configuration when available. With
engineering mode enabled users have the added flexibility of configuring
LCD display to emulate custom preferences separate from the transmitter
current output functions. As such with engineering mode enabled users
can program custom units, engineering units for flow, volume totals and
level, scale different URV/LRV, linear mode etc independent of those
explained in previous sections.

PAD
4.7.4.8 CHANGE LCD Resolution (Decimal Place) (Sub-Menu 32)
menu.
message appears.
- Move to the next menu by pressing the Zero button until the “3 LCD”
message appears.
- Press the Span button until the “31 LCD-MD” message appears.
- Push (Zero) button to move down one sub menu and release button when
“32- DEC-PL” message is displayed.
- Press the Span button to access function “Decimal Place”. All available
resolution modes are listed in table below.
- Push Zero button to cycle through display options i.e. AUTO, 5-0, 4-1, 3-2,
2-3 and 1-4 and once desired resolution is displayed push SPAN to save
and exit.
Display Description Max. Value

AUTO Auto ranging of display 99999
5-0 No decimal place 99999
4-1 Display one decimal place 9999.9
*3 - 2 Display two decimal place 999.99
2-3 Display three decimal place 99.999
1-4 Display four decimal place 9.9999
*3-2 format will be displayed for mA and % regardless of any other setting.
- The set value will be applicable for displaying PV value and Engineering
value.
- The LCD will display “LCD_OV” and current setting unit when the pressure
exceeds the limit of the setting value.
Please refer to Appendix 1 for LCD display message and the button errors.

PAD
4.8 Additional Functions (valid for PAD-F only)
4.8.1 Summary
The functioning of Flow Meter “Totaliser”:
The measured differential pressure corresponds to a specific flow range (programmed
as “Flow rate LRV” and “Flow rate URV” in the programming menu). Example: 0...1200
mmH2O = 4...20 mA = 0...+100% = -30...+50 l/h (to be confirmed by the user while
ordering))
The percentage of delta P thus determines the actual flow rate as the relationship
between percentage delta P and flow rate is linear, e.g. +50%=+10 l/h.
By integrating the flow rate function with respect to time over a specific time span, flow
totalisation value is determined.
By knowing the flow rate URV and choosing a pre-defined pulse scale (unit volume per
pulse e.g. m3/pulse), the pulse duty cycle (pulses/sec) is calculated (see section
4.8.2.3 for an example).
LRV to URV Unit Remark
Cal. Range 0 600 1200 mmH2O Measuring Pressure

Percentage 0 50 100 % % of Cal. Range
Flow Range -30 10 50 l/h Indicating value on LCD
Current Output signal value depending on
4 12 20 mA
Output Cal. Range
Creation of Percent 4~20mA output Output Current

Measured Transfer function value as per pressure current value is
Pressure (Linear or Sqrt) range set created
By mapping Percent on flow range By calculated flow rate,

with linear, flow rate is created integration value is Pulse Output
created.
Note: PAD-F measures the flow rate by using differential pressure. It cannot
compensate the changes in operating temperature and static pressure.
4.8.2 Pulse Output

4.8.2.1 The appearance and definition of port.
1 : Pulse Output+ , 2 : Pulse Output-

PAD
4.8.2.2 Wiring Structure
Relay or
Impulse Counter
DC Power Supply
Terminal Block
Port "1"
Terminal Block
Port "2"
[ In case of operating external Relay or Counter ]
4.8.2.3 Spec.
Scaled Pulse : A Single pulse is output for a specified flow amount.
Pulse Width : 10 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms selectable (Negative going pulse)
Duty Cycle : 49 Pulse/sec. Max.
Output Type : Open Collector, 30 V, 500 mA Max.
Duty_cycle = Flow_rate / ( Pulse_Scale * Unit_Time[s] )

Unit_Time = MIN:60, HOUR:3600, ….
Ex) Flow_rate : 17,640
Flow_rate_unit : normal cubic meter per hour
In case of Pulse_Scale : 0.1
Pulse Duty Cycle = 17,640 / (0.1 * 3600) = 49 [Pulse/sec]
Flow_rate = Duty_cycle * Pulse_Scale * Unit_Time[s]
Unit_Time = MIN:60, HOUR:3600, ….
Ex) Duty_cycle : 10
Flow_rate_unit : kilograms per minute
In case of Pulse_Scale : 1 …
Flow_rate = 10 * 1 * 60 = 600 kg/min
When pulse output is used, the most important thing is to check the above
Duty_cycle, Flow_rate and Pulse_scale. The specification check of the system in
which PAD-F pulse output will be input is also important. For examples, if the
system to which PAD-F will be applied is used to measure the flow rate
0~20,000l/h and the Pulse_Scale is set to 0.1, Pulse Duty Cycle will be shown as
follows.
Pulse Duty Cycle = 20,000 / (0.1 * 3600) = 55.55 [Pulse/sec].

PAD
On the above result, the value exceeds the maximum Duty cycle (49Pulse/sec)
PAD-F can output. In this case, Pulse_Scale must be set to 1 or more. If the
system requires Pulse_Scale to be set to 0.1 or less, you can not use PAD-F. On
the contrary, in case of the system that Duty_cycle is primarily decided, you need
to calculate the Flow_rate and check it matches the value of system design.
If the pulse is beyond maximum Duty Cycle like the above case, the output pulse will
be set to 49 Pulse/sec and “PLS-OV” mark will be shown on the LCD.
4.8.3 Button Input method

4.8.3.1 Changed function
Zero or Span function is executed in the same way it is done on the existing model.
In case you push Zero+ Span button, Menu function is executed.
[Button input structure]

PAD
(1) Item movement between menus: Zero
(2) Movement to lower menus or function execution: Span
(3) Movement to Top menu: Zero+ Span
4.8.3.2 STEPS TO INPUT NUMERIC DATA VALUE:

Specific functions that need users to input a numerical value are found in
following sub-menus:
12 Zero Adjustment
22 Change Upper Range Value
23 Change Lower Range Value
24 Damping Second
43 Change Flow Rate URV
44 Change Flow Rate LRV
First time users should familiarize themselves with numeric value input sequence
prior to accessing above sub menus. For an example to demonstrate push button
sequence for facilitating direct numeric value input, refer to section 4.7.3.3.
4.8.3.3 Push Button Sequence for each Programming Sub-Menu

4.8.3.3.1 ZERO TRIM (Sub Menu 11)
Refer to section 4.7.4.1
4.8.3.3.2 ZERO ADJUSTMENT (Sub Menu 12)

4.8.3.3.3 CHANGE UNITS (Sub-Menu 21)

4.8.3.3.4 CHANGE Upper Range Value (Sub-Menu 22)

4.8.3.3.5 CHANGE Lower Range Value (Sub-Menu 23)

4.8.3.3.6 CHANGE Damping Value (Sub-Menu 24)

4.8.3.3.7 CHANGE LCD Mode (Cyclic or Fixed Display) (Sub-Menu 31)

Refer to section 4.7.4.7. Following LCD Modes are available in addition to those
described in section 4.7.4.7:
Message
Definition Description Remark
on LCD
Shows Flow Rate/ Totaliser/ PV
FL_RO Flow Rotation Mode
values in rotation on LCD
F_RATE Flow Rate Shows Flow Rate value on LCD
FTOTAL Flow Totaliser Shows Flow Totaliser value on LCD

PAD
4.8.3.3.8 CHANGE LCD Resolution (Decimal Place) (Sub-Menu 32)
4.8.3.3.9 Total Reset (Sub-Menu 41)

menu.
message appears.
- Move to the next menu by pressing the ZERO button until the “3 LCD”
message appears.
- Move to the next menu by pressing the ZERO button until the “4 TOTAL”
message appears.
- Press the Span button until the “41 RESET” message appears.
- Press the Span button reset the accumulated total value to “0”.
4.8.3.3.10 Change Flow Rate Unit (Sub-Menu 42)

for 3 seconds.
- Release buttons when LCD displays MENU and display will automatically
change to “1 TRIM” confirming access into programming menu.
message appears.
message appears.
message appears.
“42 UNIT” message is displayed.
- Press SPAN button to access function of “Change Flow Rate Unit”. To
execute this function push SPAN button. Release button when display
changes to “xxx” where “xxx“ are the last flow units saved previously.
- Press ZERO button repetitively until the desired Flow Rate Unit is displayed
on the bottom of the LCD.
- Save and exit by pressing (Span) button.

PAD
4.8.3.3.11 Change Flow Rate URV (Sub-Menu 43)
for 3 seconds.
message appears.
message appears.
message appears.
“43 U-RNG” message is displayed.
- Press SPAN button to access function “Change Upper Range Value”.
- Follow Set numeric value procedure explained in section 4.7.3.3 to input
desired Flow Rate URV numeric value equivalent to 100% of pressure
(20mA).
4.8.3.3.12 Change Flow Rate LRV (Sub-Menu 44)

for 3 seconds.
message appears.
message appears.
message appears.
“44 L-RNG” message is displayed.
- Press SPAN button to access function “Change Lower Range Value”.
- Follow Set numeric value procedure explained in section 4.7.3.3 to input
desired Flow Rate LRV numeric value equivalent to 0% of pressure (4mA).

PAD
4.8.3.3.13 Change Pulse Scale (Sub-Menu 45)
for 3 seconds.
message appears.
message appears.
message appears.
“45 PSCALE” message is displayed.
- Press SPAN button to access function “Change Pulse Scale”.
- You could set numerical value for 1 pulse output (available options: 0.001,
0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000). The set numerical value has same
“Units” as programmed for flow rate.
- Push Zero button to cycle through display options and once desired value is
displayed, push SPAN to save and exit.
4.8.3.3.14 Change Pulse Width (Sub-Menu 46)

for 3 seconds.
- Release buttons when LCD displays MENU and display will
- automatically change to “1 TRIM” confirming access into programming
menu.
message appears.
message appears.
message appears.
“45 PSCALE” message is displayed.
“46 PWIDTH” message is displayed.

PAD
- Press SPAN button to access function “Change Pulse Width”.
- Choose one Output Pulse Width from among 10ms, 50ms, 100ms. Push
Zero button to cycle through display options and once desired value is
displayed, push SPAN to save and exit.
4.9 Wiring Connections for External HHT/ Ammeter

PAD Pressure Transmitter can also be commissioned using a HART® enable
HHT or PC configurator either before or after installation. A complete
commissioning consists of configuring and/ or verifying transmitter configuration
data, testing the transmitter, testing the loop and zero trimming.
For hazardous area installation to avoid exposure of “live” electronic circuits in
field it is recommended that all Jumper settings of transmitter (Fail safe, Write
disable etc) be done in the shop prior to moving the transmitter on to field
installation.
Note: Test pins can be used to connect an Ampere meter for

measuring output current without disconnecting loop connections or
for connecting a remote indicator. You cannot initiate HART® digital
communication if connecting a HHT directly across "TEST" pins. Use
terminals marked communication for connecting an external HART®
MASTER. You must ensure a minimum of 250~550 ohm resistance in
Current Loop for any HART® Communication or PC configurator to
work. If needed connect a 250 ohm resistor in loop to enable digital
communications. Also for correct operation of a 4~20 mA loop,
required power supply (11.9 V ~ 45 Vdc) must be provided at supply
inputs marked (+) and (-).
[Figure 4-5 Connection the transmitter to HHT]

PAD
5. Installation
5.1 Overview
The information in this chapter 5 covers installation considerations. Dimensional
drawings for Model PAD variation and mounting configuration are included in this
chapter.
5.2 Safety Message

Procedures and instructions in this chapter may require special precautions
ensure the safety of the personnel performing the operation. Information that
raises potential safety issues is indicated by a warning symbol (▲). Refer to the
following safety messages before performing an operation proceeded by this
symbol.

PAD
5.3 Warning
▲ Warning
Explosion can result in death or serious injury:
 Do not remove the transmitter covers in hazardous locations when the circuit is
live.
 Transmitter covers must be fully engaged to meet explosion proof approval
requirements.
▲ Warning
Electrical shock can result in death or serious injury. If you install transmitter around
a high voltage environment e.g. power lines there may be a very high likelihood of
high voltages induced on to the signal lines.
 Avoid direct contact with the signal leads and terminals to avoid potential
electrocution.
▲ Warning
Process leaks can cause death or serious injury:
 Install and tighten before applying pressure. Inspect regularly for process leaks.
▲ Warning
 Only qualified & trained personnel should be allowed to operate these
transmitters.
▲ Warning
 Instrument installed in the process is under pressure. Never loosen or tighten
the flange bolts as it may cause leakage of process fluid.
 If the process fluid may be toxic or otherwise harmful, take appropriate care to
avoid contact and/ or exposure to direct vapours even after dismounting the
instrument from process line for maintenance.

PAD
5.4 Commissioning on the bench with Hand-Held Terminal

Use of a HHT is possible before or after field installation. However, as a
good engineering practice it is recommended to first familiarize with available
functions before installation so that you have pre-commissioning done on the
bench before installing the transmitters in field. In line with good engineering
practice please follow the flow chart outlined below:
Start
No
Basic Set up
Yes
a) Unit Setup
b) Range Setup
c) Damping Setup
d) Transmitter
advanced functions
e) Set Jumpers (fail safe!)
Verify using calibrated

Pressure Support
Do you satisfy Maintenance

Spec?
Field Install
a) select correct location
b) connect signal leads
c) check grounding
d) connect power supply
e) Verify values
End
[Figure 5-1 Commissioning Flow Chart]

PAD
5.5 General Considerations

The PAD transmitter uses a capacitance or piezoresistive pick up. As changes in
pressure are accurately detected, any zero shift or installation offsets will be
transmitted as a pressure change on the 4~20mA analogue current output.
Hence it is recommended that the transmitter be mounted as close to the process
as possible and use short impulse piping, when possible, to achieve best
accuracy. However it is equally important to be mindful of basic requirements
including ease of access, safety of personnel, practical field calibration
accessibility and a suitable transmitter environment when selecting a mounting
location. In general, install the transmitter so as to minimize vibration, shock, and
temperature fluctuations.
5.6 Electrical Considerations

The internal of the transmitter housing comprises of two sections. The front
section is for the electronics module, and Rear side is for the terminal block. On
backplane of the Rear Cover “Field Wiring Diagram" is included for easy
identification. This can be accessed by opening the rear housing cover and
exposing the terminal block inside. Terminal blocks have polarity cleared marked
for supply, TEST and communication connections. Please connect transmitter
power to supply connections with proper polarity. Hand held configurators
connect directly to "COMM" pin provided below the Supply connections. Similarly
a remote field Indicator or current ammeter can connect to "TEST" pins provided.
Though transmitter is protected from reverse polarity protection it is
recommended not to apply incorrect polarity across TEST pins as it may damage
the protection diodes included.
5.6.1 Power Supply

For powering transmitter an external DC voltage between 11.9V~ 45 Volts DC is
recommended. The external power supply ripple noise should not be higher than
2 %. When calculating loop resistances please include resistance of all devices
added in the loop.
Max. Loop Resistance [Ω] = (E-11.9) [Vdc] / 0.022 [mA]
Here, loop resistance of minimum 250 ~ 550Ω (@24 VDC) is recommended for
HART® communication.

PAD
5.7 Wiring
5.7.1 Cautions during Wiring

(1) Install signal cables away from electrical noise resources like capacitive
transformers, motors, power supplies where possible.
(2) Before wiring pull out the electrical lead connection cap included and
replace with appropriate cable glands.
(3) Please use waterproof sealants on conduit screws. Use of silicon based
sealants is recommended when possible.
(4) Do not run signal lines & power lines in same cable duct to reduce noise
on signal lines.
(5) For explosion-proof transmitters in order to maintain explosion-proof
requirements please follow additional local electrical codes and practices
where applicable.
5.7.2 Selecting the Wiring Materials

(1) Use PVC shielded wire or standard lead line of same class or cable rated
for 600 V or higher. In order to ensure proper communication use 24 AWG
or larger wire specs, and do not exceed 1500 meters.
(2) Use twisted pair double shielded wires in high electrical noise affected
areas.
(3) For high or lower ambient temperature areas ensure wires or cables
installed also meet the operating temperature specs.
(4) Similar use appropriate insulation in environment with high likelihood of oil,
solvent, toxic gas or liquid spills.
(5) Wiring leads must NOT be soldered to terminal lug. Use the mounting
screws included instead to ensure a tight rigid hook up to the terminals.
5.7.3 Connections of External Wiring to Transmitter Terminal Box

Wiring method is as follows:
(1) Open the housing cover indicated "FIELD TERMINAL". NOTE: For
hazardous environments do not open the covers when transmitter is
powered and circuits are live.
(2) Connect the power supply in the terminal indicated "+PWR" (left terminal)
and "-" power supply in the central terminal. Do NOT connect "+" power
supply in "+" terminal of the point indicated "TEST". It will damage the test
diode used for connecting TEST terminal.
(3) Seal and close unused conduit connections to protect transmitters from
severe humidity and explosive gases from entering into the terminal box
compartment.
(4) Avoid running signal wiring near AC or high power lines. In case of ground
signal, ground the signal loop's on one side making sure other side is not
grounded.
(5) Ensure loose contacts are eliminated and proper wiring connections are
maintained.

PAD
(6) After wiring replace transmitter cover. In case of explosion proof areas,
you must satisfy all requirements to maintain certification requirements.
(7) Do not supply high voltage AC power into transmitter leads as it can cause
permanent damage to transmitter.
(8) Use surge protectors to protect transmitter from external power surges.
(9) Ensure you have a 250~600 W Loop Resistor in current loop (between
power supply and transmitter) for proper HART® Communication. Follow
Figure 5-2 below for wiring instructions.
CO M M TEST
Figure 5-2 Connection with Terminal Board of Transmitter
Local Indicator
or
Ampere Meter
+ -
DCS or
Power Supply
Figure 5-3 Picture of Terminal Board of Transmitter

PAD
5.7.4 Wiring
A. Loop Configuration
Kobold Series Transmitters use a two-wire system for power supply, 4~20mA
analogue signal transmission and HART digital transmission.
DC Power Supply is required for the transmitter loop. The Transmitter and
distributor are connected as shown below.
(1) Non-Explosionproof / Non-Flameproof Type
(2) Explosionproof Type

PAD
(3) Intrinsically Safe (Ex ia) Type
For an intrinsically safe operation, an appropriate intrinsically safe (IS) safety
barrier should be used. The IS safety barrier should have an appropriate
approval and placed outside the hazardous area (in non-hazardous area). IS
Safety Barrier manufacturer’s instructions should be followed in this respect.

PAD
B. Wiring Installation
(1) General-use Type

Make cable wiring using metallic conduit or
Waterproof cable glands.
Apply a non-hardening
sealant to the terminal
box connection port
and the threads on the
flexible metal conduit
for the waterproofing.
[Figure 5-4a
Typical Wiring using
Flexible Metal Conduit]
(2) Flameproof metal conduit wiring (Figure 5-4b)

A seal fitting must be installed near the terminal box connections port for a sealed
construction.
Apply a non-hardening sealant to the threads of the
terminal box connection box, flexible metal
conduit and deal fitting for
waterproofing.
[Figure 5-4b
Typical Wiring using Flameproof Metal Conduit]

PAD
Only Exd-certified cable conduits, cable glands and blanking plugs with
corresponding temperature limits may be used with certified instruments in
hazardous areas (Blanking plugs supplied with standard scope of delivery are not
ATEX-certified and must be replaced by the customer with certified blanking plugs).
5.7.5 Grounding
(a) Grounding should satisfy typical requirements (grounding resistance 10 Ohm
or less). Grounding is required below 10 Ohm for explosion proof
requirements.
Note: In case of with Built-in Lightening Protector, grounding should

satisfy special requirements of 1 Ohm or less.
(b) There are ground terminal provided on the inside and outside of the terminal
box. Either one of these terminals may be used for grounding the
transmitters.
(c) Use PVC insulated wire (600V min rated) for grounding.
Figure 5-5 Internal and external grounding terminals

PAD
5.7.6 Power Supply Voltage and Load Resistance

When configuring the loop, make sure that the external load resistance is within
the range in the figure below. Since the voltage of transmitter terminal input is
same as follows.
General Standard : 11.9 to 45 VDC
Hart Communication : 17.4 to 45 VDC
And maximum loop current is 24mA, Load resistance R:

R = (E-11.9) / 0.022 (E = Power Supply Voltage)
[Note] In case of an intrinsically safe transmitter, external load resistance includes

safety barrier resistance.

PAD
5.8 Mechanical Considerations

Figure 5-6 is transmitter dimensional drawings of PAD. A mounting example and
dimensional drawings are shown in Figure 5-7.
Figure 5-6. Model PAD Outline Dimension Drawing

PAD
Vertical Mounting Type

2“ Pipe Mounting Bracket
Model: ZUB-PAD/PAS-K
Horizontal Mounting Type

2“ Pipe Mounting Bracket
Model: ZUB-PAD/PAS-L
Figure 5-7. Typical Bracket Mounting

PAD
5.8.1 Mounting
During installation provide transmitters with adequate support. In the case of
severe vibration, we recommend mounting to a 2” pipe using appropriate
mounting bracket available as option. Kobold offers two styles of mounting
brackets in SS. These include an “Angle type” and a “Flat type”.
5.8.2 Transmitter Accessibility

When selecting a suitable location to install the transmitter it may be convenient
to also consider following options.
(1) Ensure adequate clearance is provided for rear cover access and wiring
terminals.
(2) If LCD option is installed provide adequate access for front.
(3) Housing can be rotated up to 180° clockwise or 90° anticlockwise to provide
easy access to front (or rear) of the transmitter. When rotating housing
loosen lock nut placed above neck tag and ensure that sensor cable
connectors are not damaged.
(4) LCD Module can also be rotated 90° clockwise or anticlockwise, if required.
5.9 Environmental Considerations
5.9.1 Effect of Ambient Temperature

Transmitter is recommended for use within -40C to 80C operating ambient
temperature range. Recommended installation for continuous operation is -20C to
60C with appropriate heat tracing or insulation provided if installing outside of
these limits for extended periods.
5.9.2 Toxic/ High Humidity considerations

Housing of PAD Smart transmitters is protected from direct exposure to moisture
or toxic materials provided front and rear covers are engaged fully with
appropriate O-rings included. Electronic circuits are separated from terminal side;
however it must be protected from moisture ingress entering housing through
conduit lines. To avoid moisture build up, use appropriate water tight sealants on
conduits entries and ensure correct positioning of conduit pipes to avoid
condensation build up from occurring inside the terminal housing.
5.9.3 Installation in Hazardous locations

Transmitter Housing is designed to meet explosion proof protection requirements,
if marked accordingly. When installing transmitter inside a hazardous classified
area please ensure all required explosion proof installation & wiring requirements
outside of the transmitter as stated by relevant regulatory bodies are also
complied with.

PAD
6. On-line Operation
6.1 Overview
This chapter describes configuration functions of PAD smart pressure
Transmitter. Transmitter can be configured in either On-Line or Off-Line mode. In
On-Line configuration mode, you must connect through an external HHT (Hand
Held Terminal) supporting HART® DDL technologies. When connecting in Multi-
drop mode ensure each device on the HART® bus is provided with a unique
HART® device ID for identification.
6.2 Safety Message

For safety of operator please pay specific attention to safety note identified under
Warning symbol (▲).
6.2.1 Warning
▲ Warning
- Do not remove the transmitter covers in hazardous areas when
the circuit is live.
-Before connecting HHT in a classified zone, check that the
configuration device connecting to transmitter also complies to
required safety regulations.
-Both transmitter covers must be fully engaged to meet explosion
proof certification requirements
6.2.2 Multidrop Mode

In the case of multidrop mode where current loop is set at 4 mA the current loop
must be set to passive mode. This is set automatically when chancing the
HART® device ID to a numeric value 1 to 15 (except 0).
6.3 Configuration Data Review

In case transmitter is already installed on site, review configuration data to
reconfirm it meets the application requirements.

PAD
6.4 Check Output
Transmitter is provided with a Loop Test function (accessible only via an HHT)
under service/ maintenance menu which can be used to output desired values 4,
8, 12, 16, 20 mA for testing current outputs.
6.4.1 Process Variable

The PAD Smart pressure transmitter measures two variables. Primary Variable is
always the process pressure measured and SV (Secondary Variable) is the
temperature.
Note: Temperature measured is used strictly for internal compensation.

Only PV value can be assigned to current output on a 4~20mA loop.
However in digital mode both PV and SV can be read through a compatible
HART® communicating device.
6.5 Basic Setup

This involves configuring minimal settings required to operate transmitter
correctly.
6.5.1 Select Sensor Range

This value is automatically set from factory based on the sensor Range code
installed on the transmitter. This Range defines the minimum/ maximum range
limits and span settings for installed sensor which should not be exceeded for
normal operation or during re-ranging or Zero/ Span configuration.
6.5.2 Set Output Units

Select required measurement units e.g. kPa, kg/cm2, bar, psi, mmH2O etc.
Note: This is different to Engineering mode unit as settings configured

under this menu affect only the transmitter current 4/20 mA output
configuration. In normal LCD mode these units are indicated on LCD
module.
6.5.3 Rerange
Set the Zero and Span for the 4~20mA analogue output.

PAD
6.6 Detailed Setup
6.6.1 Set Fail Safe Mode

Sets failure mode (fail down or fail up) for 4/20mA outputs in case of an error or
malfunction detected automatically during self diagnostic routine included within
the transmitter.
6.6.2 Set Damping Time

Determine the appropriate damping setting based on the required response time,
signal stability and other requirements of the loop dynamics of your system. The
default damping value is 1.0 seconds, and can be reset to damping values
between 0 and 60 seconds.
[Graph illustrating Damping/ Response time features]
The Meaning of
Damping time is to
reach 63.2% of target
value
63.2 % of Total
6.7 Tag Information set up
6.7.1 Set Tag

Set tag information to uniquely classify transmitter. Tag information is limited to
max of 8 alpha-numeric characters. For additional description use Set Message
option under 6.7.2.
6.7.2 Set Messages

When using several transmitter, user may classify each transmitter by using 32
alpha-numeric characters. This message is saved in EEPROM of transmitter.

PAD
6.8 Diagnostics and Services
6.8.1 Loop Test

The Loop Test verifies the output of the transmitter, the integrity of the loop, and
the operations of any recorders or similar devices installed loop. Perform the
following procedure for a loop test.
(1) Connect a reference meter to the transmitter.

(2) Select the Loop Test of HHT and operate the Loop Test.
(3) Select output current (4 mA/20 mA/etc.)
(4) If the readings match, then the transmitter and the loop are configured and
functioning properly. If the readings do not match, then you may have the
current meter attached to the wrong loop, there maybe a fault in the wiring,
the transmitter may require an output trim, or the electrical current meter may
be malfunctioning.
6.9 Calibration
Re-Ranging scales the upper and lower ranges of transmitter outputs and does
not affect the stored calibration data of the transmitter. On the other hand a
Sensor Trim function can be used to tune/modify the stored calibration.
It is important to keep in mind that Smart transmitters operate differently from
conventional analogue transmitters. A Smart transmitter uses a microprocessor
that contains information about the sensor's specific characteristics in response
to pressure and temperature inputs which is what is used for calculating final PV
(Process Variable). These calibration curves are performed under traceable
laboratory standards and stringent quality control parameters. Changing factory
calibration data is advisable only if it is necessary to correct transmitter offsets
and only when checking against a traceable calibration source which is at least
five time more accurate than the transmitter under test.
As such a Sensor trim and Output Re-range function differ. Re-ranging sets the
transmitter analogue output to the selected upper and lower range points and can
be done with or without an applied pressure. Re-ranging does not change the
factory characterization curve stored in the microprocessor. Sensor trimming
requires an accurate pressure input and adds additional compensation that
adjusts the position of the factory characterization curve to optimize transmitter
performance over a specific pressure range.
6.9.1 Sensor Trim

The Sensor trim function adjusts the A/D signal conversion within the transmitter
sensor electronics and determines how it digitally interprets any pressure
changes applied to the sensor inputs. It is highly recommended to perform a
sensor trim when first commissioning the transmitter on site. There are three
ways to trim the sensor: Sensor zero trim, full trim and zero adjustment.

PAD
Sensor zero trim is a one-point adjustment typically used to compensate for the
mounting position.
Two point trim is a full sensor trim, in which two accurate pressures with
difference within the published sensor span specifications for the specific range
codes are applied (equal to or greater than the range values), and the output is
set to linear. You should always adjust the low trim value first to establish the
correct offset.
Zero adjustment allows user to add a pre-defined offset (other than zero) to
measured PV that may be required on certain applications such as Level
measurements to compensate for nozzle placements.
6.9.2 DA (Digital to Analogue) Trim

The Sensor Trim functions adjust the calibration values of the PV applied to
sensor (on input side only), however a D/A trim adjusts sensor input to match the
4~20mA current output. When executing a D/A trim the current output can be
adjusted minutely to match desired current values outputted from the transmitter.
To perform a D/A Trim a precise and traceable reference current meter is
required to be connected on the output loop. When performing a D/A trim avoid
using TEST pin and try to install reference meter directly in series in output loop
to eliminate any undesirable offsets. Here again make sure that reference meter
used for D/A trim is 5 times more accurate than published accuracy specs. of the
transmitter. When performing a D/A trim it is recommended to do a minimum of
two points i.e. trim at (4mA) and (20mA). It may however be necessary to perform
repeated trims at both 4/20 mA to achieve optimum results.
6.10 Advance Set Up:

(Needs a HART® enabled HHT and/ or PC configurators)
6.10.1 Output Mode

The transmitters can be set to output its 4/20 mA signal in linear or Square Root.
Square Root mode may be desirable configuration when installing a PAD-D or
PAD-F for flow measurement.
In Engineering mode (when enabled) users have added flexibility of enabling
square root mode only for local display purpose on LCD and retain a linear
4/20 mA current output for a remote totaliser or DCS /PLC control system.

PAD
7. Maintenance
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes breakdown diagnostic and maintenance.
7.2 Safety Message

When in operation, special notice is required for the safety of operator.
Information that raises potential safety issues is indicated by a warning symbol
(▲). Refer to the following safety messages before performing an operation
proceeded by this symbol.
7.2.1 Warning
▲ Warning
 Do not remove the transmitter covers in hazardous locations when the circuit is
live.
 Transmitter covers must be fully engaged to meet explosion proof approval
requirements.
▲ Warning
Electrical shock can result in death or serious injury. If you install transmitter around
a high voltage environment e.g. power lines there may be a very high likelihood of
high voltages induced on to the signal lines.
 Avoid direct contact with the signal leads and terminals to avoid potential
electrocution.
▲ Warning
Process leaks can cause death or serious injury:
 Install and tighten before applying pressure. Inspect regularly for process leaks.
▲ Warning
 Only qualified and trained personnel should be allowed to operate these
transmitters.
▲ Warning
 Instrument installed in the process is under pressure. Never loosen or tighten
the flange bolts as it may cause leakage of process fluid.
 If the process fluid may be toxic or otherwise harmful, take appropriate care
to avoid contact and/ or exposure to direct vapors even after dismounting the
instrument from process line for maintenance.

PAD
7.3 Hardware Diagnostics

If you suspect a malfunction despite the absence of any diagnostic messages on
the HHT follow Table 6-1 described here to verify that transmitter hardware and
process connections are in good working order.
[Table 6-1 Troubleshooting]
Symptom Potential Source Corrective Action

 Check for a minimum of 250 ohms resistance
Transmitter Does between the power supply and HHT.
not Communicate  Check for adequate voltage to the transmitter.
Loop Wiring
With HART The transmitter always requires 11.9 ~ 45 VDC.
Communicator  Check for intermittent shorts, open circuits, and
multiple grounds.
Sensor Input  Connect HHT and enter the Transmitter test
Failure mode to isolate a sensor failure.
 Check for dirty or defective terminals,
Loop Wiring
interconnecting pins, or receptacles.
 Check the output voltage of the power supply at
High Output Power Supply the transmitter terminals. It should be 11.9 to 45
VDC in spite of loop scale.
 Connect HHT and enter the Transmitter test
Electronics mode to isolate module failure. Check the
Module sensor limits to ensure calibration adjustments
are within the sensor range.
 Check the output voltage of the power supply at
the transmitter terminals. It should be 11.9 to 45
VDC.
 Check for intermittent shorts, open circuits, and
Loop Wiring multiple grounds.
Erratic Output  Check for proper polarity at the signal terminals.
 In case of measuring electric current while
digital communication, output current should be
appear around +-0.013mA
Electronics  Connect HHT and enter the Transmitter test
Module mode to isolate an electronics mode failure.
 Connect HHT and enter the Transmitter test
Sensor Element mode to isolate a sensor failure.
 Check the PV to see if it is out of range.
 Check for adequate voltage to the transmitter.
The transmitter always requires 11.9 ~ 45 VDC.
Low Output or No  Check for intermittent shorts, open circuits, and
Loop Wiring
Output multiple grounds.
 Check polarity of signal terminal
 Check the loop impedance.
 Connect HHT and check the sensor limits to
Electronics
ensure calibration adjustments are within the
Module
sensor range.

PAD
7.4 Hardware Maintenance

Kobold PAD Smart Transmitters have no moving parts and require a minimum of
scheduled maintenance. Both transmitters feature modular design for easy
maintenance. If you suspect a malfunction, check for an external cause before
performing the diagnostics as discussed later in this section. If you must return
failed transmitters or parts, send them to KOBOLD Instruments Inc. for
inspection, repair, or replacement.
7.4.1 Test Terminals

The test terminal is clearly marked as TEST on the terminal block behind the rear
cover. The test and negative terminals are connected internally via a diode. As
long as the voltage across these terminals is kept below the diode threshold
voltage, no current passes through the diode. To ensure that there is no leakage
current through the diode while making a test reading, or while an indicating
meter is connected, the resistance of the test connection or meter should not
exceed 10 ohms. A resistance value of 30 ohms will cause an error of
approximately 10 percent of reading.
+
Galvanometer
_
_
[Figure 7.1 Test Terminals]

PAD
7.4.2 Disassembling the Electronics Housing

The transmitter is designed with dual-compartment housing; one contains the
electronics module, and the other contains all wiring terminals and the
communication receptacles.
Wiring
Electronic Terminal
Module
Figure 7.3 Structure of Housing
7.4.2.1 Disassembling Electronics Module
Use the following procedure to remove the electronics module.
Note1:-The electronics module Board comes standard with conformal

coating for added protection in tropicalized environments. These modules
are designed as non-repairable units. If a malfunction does occur the entire
unit must be replaced.
1. Disconnect the power to the transmitter. Remove the cover from the
electronics side of the transmitter housing (Figure 7.2).
2. Do not remove the instrument cover in explosive atmospheres when the
circuit is alive.
3. Remove the LCD meter by first disconnecting the screws and then pulling
out the LCD module from the plug in connector located behind the
module.
4. Remove the two screws that anchor the electronics module to the
transmitter housing.
5. Remove the analogue sensor cable & power cables from their plug in
connectors.
6. Firmly grasp the electronics module and pull it straight out of the housing,
taking care not to damage the interconnecting pins.

PAD
Note2: The transmitter EEP-Write Enable and failure mode DIP-Switches
are located on the front of the electronics module. When replacing with a
new one make sure to duplicate the same DIP-Switches settings on the
replacement board.
Figure 7.3 Structure of Electronics Module inner Transmitter
7.4.2.2 Fail Mode and Jumper Switch of EEPROM-write

Fail-mode and jumper switch of EEPROM-write are located front of electronics
module (Refer to Figure 4-3)

PAD
7.4.3 Assembling the Electronics Housing

Re-assembling procedure is as follows:-
1. Make sure that Fail-mode and Jumper Switch are set exactly as the
electronics board being replaced.
2. Insert electronics module into housing Connect back the cable connectors
of analogue sensor board and power.
Note: An improper connection on either connector can cause

wrong outputs and/ or effect power to the transmitter. Also make
sure neither of the connector cables are pinched or twisted
between the electronics board and transmitter housing.
3. Anchor electronics module with the 3 screws.

4. Attach LCD module making sure plug in connectors are installed correctly
on appropriate mating connectors on the electronics board.
5. Secure LCD module with the screws provided.
6. Close the front cover of housing. For explosion proof rated transmitters
ensure covers are fully engaged and O-Ring seal is securely in place.
7. Power on the transmitter and note the start up screen/ boot sequence.
8. If all self checks are completed and found OK, the transmitter will enter
measurement mode automatically.
9. If any errors are found, same will be displayed on LCD. Follow the
troubleshooting guide included in this manual to help identify and correct
any fault conditions.

PAD
8. Appendix I
PAD SMART PRESSURE TRANSMITTER
LCD DISPLAY CODE
Message Description Remarks

ADJ-U Out of Zero setting value when Zero Adj function using
button(Upper side)
ADJ-L Out of Zero setting value when Zero Adj function using
button(Lower side)
ZERO Initial message in using Zero button
SPAN Initial message in using Span button
BT-ERR Button input Sequence error
P-LOCK Button input error when Protect Locked
ZT-ERR Setting Limit (10 %) Error when Zero Trim
-TR- Zero Trim Done
ZR-ERR Setting Limit error when executing Zero button function
SP-ERR Setting Limit error when executing Span button function
-ZR- Zero button function done
-SP- Span button function done
-ZA- Zero Adjustment done
-DONE- Setting Done using button
RNGOVR Setting Limit error when executing other setting function
LCD_OV Over figure values for LCD
SCD-ER Sensor Code Error
F-RST Flash Setting Data Reset
F-LOCK While Flash Setting Data Reset, Protect Locked
F-FAIL Flash Setting Data Reset Failure
-FR- Flash Reset Done
A-RST Analogue EEPROM Initialising Start
A-STOR Analogue EEPROM Whole Write
A-FAIL Analogue EEPROM Whole Write Failure

PAD
Message Description Remarks

-AC- Analogue EEPROM Whole Write Done
S-FL Sensor Fail
S-OP Sensor Overpressure
AEP-RF Analogue EEPROM read checksum error
TS-FL Temperature Sensor Error
AEP-WF Analogue EEPROM write fail
EOSC Crystal Element Defect Alarm
FAVE Flash Access Violation
Indicating the value with PV, %, mA units as continually
NOR_RO
on LCD
NOR_PV Indicating measured PV value only on LCD
Indicating percentage of Cal. Range of measuring PV
NOR_%
value on LCD
Indicating 4 ~ 20 mA value depending on measured PV
NOR_mA
value on LCD
Indicating the value with Engineering PV, Engineering %,
ENG_RO
Engineering mA units as continually on LCD
Indicating changed PV value with modified Engineering
ENG_PV
range

PAD
9. EU Declaration of Conformance
We, KOBOLD Messring GmbH, Hofheim-Ts, Germany, declare under our sole
responsibility that the product:
Smart Pressure Transmitter Model: PAD
to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the standards noted below:
EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and

laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 1: General requirements
EN 61326-2-2:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and

laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 2-2: Particular requirements - Test
configurations, operational conditions and performance criteria for portable test,
measuring and monitoring equipment used in low-voltage distribution systems
EN 62321:2008 Electrotechnical products - Determination of levels of six

regulated substances (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium,
polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers)
EN 50581:2012 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical

and electronic products with respect to the restriction of hazardous substances
Also the following EC guidelines are fulfilled:
2014/30/EU EMC Directive
Kobold Messring GmbH recommends customer to apply the Metal Conduit Wiring
or to upset the twisted pair Shield Cable for signal wiring to conform the
requirement of EMC Regulation, when customer installs Kobold Series
Transmitters to the plant.
2011/65/EU RoHS (category 9)
page 70 PAD01/0918 ATEX

PAD
Additional for PAD...F0...
2014/34/EU Equipment and protective systems intended for use in a potentially

explosive atmosphere
Quality Management Production
Certificate number: BVS 18 ATEX ZQS/E110
Notified body: DEKRA EXAM GmbH
Identification number: 0158
Harmonized standards: EN 60079-0:2012 + A11:2013
EN 60079-1:2007
Notified body: KEMA Quality B.V.
Ex marking: II 2 G Ex d IIC T6…T4 Gb
Additional for PAD...E0...
2014/34/EU Equipment and protective systems intended for use in a potentially

explosive atmosphere
Quality Management Production
Certificate number: BVS 18 ATEX ZQS/E110
Notified body: DEKRA EXAM GmbH
Identification number: 0158
Harmonized standards: EN 60079-0:2009

EN 60079-11:2007
EN 60079-26:2007
Notified body: DEKRA Certification B.V.
Ex marking: II 1 G or 2 G Ex ia IIC T5 or T4 Ga or Gb
Hofheim, 31. Oct. 2018

H. Peters M. Wenzel
General Manager Proxy Holder

PAD
10. EU Type Examination Ex d

PAD

PAD
11. EU Type Examination Ex ia

PAD

Differential Pressure Transmitter PAD Manual

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Operating Instructions

page 2 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

Manufactured and sold by:

KOBOLD Instruments Inc.

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 3

2.1 Using This Manual

Chapter 4 Transmitter Functions

page 4 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

Appendix I : List of Error Codes available on LCD display

2.2 Overview of Transmitter

2.3 Software Compatibility

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 5

2.4 Transmitter Components

Figure 2-1. Model PAD Transmitter Exposed View (Housing)

page 6 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

Figure 2-2. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS (HOUSING)

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 7

Figure 2-3. Model PAD Exploded View (Sensor Module-D,G)

Figure 2-4. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS (SENSOR MODULE -D, G)

page 8 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

Figure 2-5. Model PAD Exploded View (Sensor Module-H)

Figure 2-6. TRANSMITTER COMPONENTS (SENSOR MODULE -H)

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 9

[Quick Reference Manual]

1 Unpacking - Unpack transmitter packing

page 10 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

3.2 Models and Specifications Check

(1) Select a storage area that meets the following conditions:

Ambient Temperature: -40 ~ 80 °C (with LCD module) *

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 11

3.4 Selecting the Installation Locations

(1) Ambient Temperature

3.5 Performing Sensor Zero Trim after Installation

page 12 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

The following precautions must be observed in order to safely operate the

3.7 Waterproofing of Cable Conduit Connections

3.8 Restrictions on Use of Radio Transceivers

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 13

3.9 Insulation Resistance Test and Dielectric Strength Test

(4) Insulation Resistance test

(5) Dielectric Strength Test

page 14 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

3.10.1 ATEX Approval Explosion Proof

Note 1. Model PAD for potentially explosive atmosphere

Note 2. Electrical Data

Note 3. Electrical Connection: see ordering table

Note 4. PAD ATEX Certification is according to the below standards

 How to Ground the Housing:

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 15

Note 7. Maintenance and Repair

page 16 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

3.10.2 ATEX Approval Intrinsic Safe

Electric Safety Parameter (Ui, Ii, Pi, Ci, Li)

Compliance with Essential Health and Safety Requirements assured with:

Safety Instructions: General

Safety Instructions: Special Conditions

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 17

page 18 PAD 01/0918 ATEX

PAD 01/0918 ATEX page 19

◇ Do not open or disassemble of the transmitter in Ex area or while operating.