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Input Output Constructs - Abdul Rehman

This document provides an overview of basic input and output in C++. It explains that cout is used to send formatted output to the screen, and cin is used to take formatted input from the keyboard. It demonstrates printing strings, numbers, and characters to the screen using cout, as well as taking integer and multiple inputs using cin. The << and >> operators are used with cout and cin, respectively, to display output and take input.

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abdulrrehman10
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© © All Rights Reserved
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28 views

Input Output Constructs - Abdul Rehman

This document provides an overview of basic input and output in C++. It explains that cout is used to send formatted output to the screen, and cin is used to take formatted input from the keyboard. It demonstrates printing strings, numbers, and characters to the screen using cout, as well as taking integer and multiple inputs using cin. The << and >> operators are used with cout and cin, respectively, to display output and take input.

Uploaded by

abdulrrehman10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Basic Input/Output

C++ Output
In C++, cout sends formatted output to standard output devices, such as the screen. We use the cout object
along with the << operator for displaying output.

Example 1: String Output

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
// prints the string enclosed in double quotes
cout << "This is C++ Programming";
return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output
This is C++ Programming

How does this program work?

We first include the iostream header file that allows us to display output.

The cout object is defined inside the std namespace. To use the std namespace, we used the
using namespace std; statement.

Every C++ program starts with the main() function. The code execution begins from the start of the
main() function.

cout is an object that prints the string inside quotation marks " " . It is followed by the << operator.

return 0; is the "exit status" of the main() function. The program ends with this statement, however, this
statement is not mandatory.

Note: If we don't include the using namespace std; statement, we need to use std::cout instead of
cout .

This is the preferred method as using the std namespace can create potential problems.

However, we have used the std namespace in our tutorials in order to make the codes more readable.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
// prints the string enclosed in double quotes
std::cout << "This is C++ Programming";
return 0;
}
Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Example 2: Numbers and Characters Output

To print the numbers and character variables, we use the same cout object but without using quotation
marks.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int num1 = 70;
double num2 = 256.783;
char ch = 'A';

cout << num1 << endl; // print integer


cout << num2 << endl; // print double
cout << "character: " << ch << endl; // print char
return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output
70
256.783
character: A

Notes:

The endl manipulator is used to insert a new line. That's why each output is displayed in a new line.

The << operator can be used more than once if we want to print different variables, strings and so
on in a single statement. For example:

cout << "character: " << ch << endl;

C++ Input
In C++, cin takes formatted input from standard input devices such as the keyboard. We use the cin object
along with the >> operator for taking input.
Example 3: Integer Input/Output

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int num;
cout << "Enter an integer: ";
cin >> num; // Taking input
cout << "The number is: " << num;
return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output

Enter an integer: 70
The number is: 70

In the program, we used

cin >> num;

to take input from the user. The input is stored in the variable num . We use the >> operator with cin to take
input.

Note: If we don't include the using namespace std; statement, we need to use std::cin instead of cin .
C++ Taking Multiple Inputs

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
char a;
int num;

cout << "Enter a character and an integer: ";


cin >> a >> num;

cout << "Character: " << a << endl;


cout << "Number: " << num;

return 0;
}

Run Code (/cpp-programming/online-compiler)

Output

Enter a character and an integer: F


23
Character: F
Number: 23

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