LEA 1.module 1
LEA 1.module 1
LEA 1.module 1
POLITIA - Roman word which means condition of the state or government. POLICE-
French word which was later adopted by the English language.
Etymologically, the term "POLICE" was derived from the Greek word "politeia" meaning
government of a city.
The term "POLITIEA" originates from another Greek word "Polis" which means "city-
state" or a system of organized civil enforcement to preserve life, liberty, property, food
sources, community health and the enforcement of laws.
The Romans first used the term "POLITIA" to refer to the condition of the state or
government. Then, the French used the term "POLICE" to refer to a governmental
department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now,
chiefly, the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and
detect crime.
ORGANIZATION
- a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives. - a form of human
association for the attainment of a goal or objective..
POLICE ORGANIZATION
A group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.
- the collective term for professionals who are dedicated to upholding and enforcing the
laws and statutes that are currently in force in a given jurisdiction.
ADMINISTRATION
- the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience of laws and
related statutes.
- focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies are organized and
managed in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently
and productively
SUPERVISION
- means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the members of the organization
to ensure that desired results are achieved.
MANAGEMENT
- the process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups
in order to achieve objectives.
1. HOME RULE THEORY- policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who
rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people.
- policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and
security.
- the people have no share or have little participation with the duties nor connection
with the police organization.
1. OLD CONCEPT
-this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the Increasing
number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent
them from committing crimes
2. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of
crime prevention.
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes - broadens police
activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare of the individual
as well as that of the community in general.
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization, delivering the services
and dealing directly with the public,
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line functions and assist in the performance
of the line functions.
3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the organization.
1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
3. SERVICE UNITS
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
1. UNITY OF COMMAND - dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding
the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of orders.
2. SPAN OF CONTROL - the ability of one man to direct, coordinate, and control
immediate subordinates.
1. KIN POLICING
- the family of the offended individual was expected to assume responsibility for justice.
2. EGYPT
- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose duties include guarding of the
tombs and apprehending thieves.
3. ROME
- created the first organized police force called VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI
(watchmen of the city), which had the primary task of firefighting and policing.
- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehending thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars
and hunting down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to maintain order in the
streets.
- the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and looked for disturbances of the peace
while they patrolled the streets. - created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS,
a special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as the Emperors' personal guards. -
as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty was to protect the Emperor from
assassination and other forms of attack against the Emperor.
4. ENGLAND
- Freeman formed the tything and the members are called Tythingmen.
1. ENGLAND
a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS
- England. the name was adopted from the name of the street where the office of Henry
Fielding was located.
- the law that created the first modern police force in London England, called the
Metropolitan Police Service.
- this law was passed through the initiative of Sir Robert Peel, a member of the
Parliament.
- the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service is the Scotland Yard, now known
as the New Scotland Yard.
AUGUST VOLLMER
- recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforcement for his contributions in the
development of the field of criminal justice in the US. author of the book, Police
Administration, which served as the basic guide in the administration of the police
organization in the US.
Prior to Spanish colonization, the Philippines was divided into political units called the
Barangay. Each barangay was headed or ruled by a Datu whose responsibility, aside
from exercising all the powers executive, legislative and judicial was to maintain peace
and order within his jurisdiction. The Datu designated from among his warriors a chief
warrior who, together with some subordinates were charged with the duty to enforce the
decrees, customs and traditions as well as practices and usages. The chief warrior was
then in effect the chief of police.
SPANISH PERIOD
✓ organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department
of State, this was armed and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind
of police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police
Guardrilleros / Cuardillo
✓ this was a body of rural police organized in each town and established. by the Royal
Decree of 18 January 1836; this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male
inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police organization for
three years
Guardia Civil
✓ this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 to
partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns; it
consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor
When the Filipinos revolted against the Spanish rule, the Insurrectos emerged to
exercise police authority over the areas within their jurisdiction. With their de facto
government they imposed taxation, military conscription and was responsible for the
peace and order situation in general.
AMERICAN PERIOD
1. ACT 175 - entitled "An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an
Insular Constabulary", established on August 8, 1901.
CAPT. HENRY ALLEN - the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901
2. ACT 183 - enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department.
CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in
1901.
3. Act No. 225 - renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary on
October 3, 1901.
4. Executive Order No. 389 - Ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the
four services of the AFP, enacted on December 23, 1940.
5. R.A. 4864 - otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966;
created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
training and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the
President, later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
5. P.D. 765 - otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8,
1975; established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated local police forces as components,
under the Ministry of National Defense.
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National
Defense.
POLICING
- the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935
- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in 1946
6. Executive Order No. 1012 - transferred to the city and municipal government the
operational supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality,
issued on July 10, 1985
7. Executive Order No. 1040 - transferred the administrative control and supervision
of the INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission.
8. R.A. 6975 - otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and
established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College.
9. R.A. 8551 - otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain
provisions of RA 6975.
10. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum
educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion
system; approved on 12 August 2009.
11. REPUBLIC ACT No. 11200 - An Act Providing for the Rank Classification in the
Philippine National Police, Amending for the Purpose Section 28 of Republic Act No.
6975, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the "Department of the Interior and Local.
Government Act of 1990"