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    Muhammad Ali

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    ghostine.sarah03
    Muhammad Ali was an Albanian general who ascended to power in Egypt in the early 19th century. He modernized Egypt by establishing a national army, introducing new crops like cotton, building infrastructure, reforming the legal system, and founding new educational institutions. However, his conquests were harsh and his economic policies negatively impacted farmers. While Muhammad Ali strengthened Egypt, his authoritarian rule faced some opposition and controversy.

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    Muhammad Ali

    Uploaded by

    ghostine.sarah03
    46 views2 pages
    Muhammad Ali was an Albanian general who ascended to power in Egypt in the early 19th century. He modernized Egypt by establishing a national army, introducing new crops like cotton, building infrastructure, reforming the legal system, and founding new educational institutions. However, his conquests were harsh and his economic policies negatively impacted farmers. While Muhammad Ali strengthened Egypt, his authoritarian rule faced some opposition and controversy.

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    Muhammad Ali was an Albanian general who ascended to power in Egypt in the early 19th century. He modernized Egypt by establishing a national army, introducing new crops like cotton, building infrastructure, reforming the legal system, and founding new educational institutions. However, his conquests were harsh and his economic policies negatively impacted farmers. While Muhammad Ali strengthened Egypt, his authoritarian rule faced some opposition and controversy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    46 views2 pages

    Muhammad Ali

    Uploaded by

    ghostine.sarah03
    Muhammad Ali was an Albanian general who ascended to power in Egypt in the early 19th century. He modernized Egypt by establishing a national army, introducing new crops like cotton, building infrastructure, reforming the legal system, and founding new educational institutions. However, his conquests were harsh and his economic policies negatively impacted farmers. While Muhammad Ali strengthened Egypt, his authoritarian rule faced some opposition and controversy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Muhammad Ali

    Muhammad Ali Pasha, also known as Muhammad Ali of Egypt, was an


    Albanian general who ascended to power in Egypt in the early nineteenth century.
    He is regarded as one of Egypt's most influential statesmen, having modernized the
    country and created the groundwork for a powerful centralized state. This essay
    will analyze the history of Egypt under Muhammad Ali, using references from
    Britannica and Brill. Muhammad Ali landed in Egypt in 1801 as part of the
    Ottoman army destined to overthrow Egypt's long-ruling Mamluks. He rapidly
    established himself as a capable and ambitious soldier, and the Ottoman sultan
    nominated him as governor of Egypt in 1805. During Muhammad Ali's reign in
    Egypt, a series of reforms aimed at modernizing the country and bolstering its
    economy and military were implemented. Establishing an army in the manner of
    the European Union was one of Muhammad Ali's most important reforms. He
    brought in foreign specialists to educate his forces in contemporary tactics and
    weapons, and he instituted a conscription system to maintain a continual supply of
    soldiers. Muhammad Ali's attempts to expand Egypt's territory, which included the
    conquest of Sudan, sections of Arabia, and Syria, were made possible by the new
    army. The economic reforms of Muhammad Ali were also essential to modernizing
    Egypt. He introduced new crops such as cotton and promoted their growth through
    rewards and subsidies. Additionally, he built facilities to transform the harvest into
    fabrics that were shipped to Europe. These exports' earnings were utilized to pay
    for additional economic development projects like the installation of irrigation
    systems and the expansion of transportation infrastructure. Muhammad Ali's
    efforts to change the judicial system were a crucial component of his leadership.
    He formed courts to carry out the new rules and regulations that he introduced,
    which were based on European models. The former judicial system, which was
    based on Islamic law and the Mamluks' authority, was less effective and efficient
    than the new one. Muhammad Ali made a significant impact on Egyptian culture
    and education as well. In addition to Islamic studies, he founded educational
    institutions that taught areas like physics, math, and engineering. He supported the
    creation of a national literature as well as the Arabic translation of European
    literature. Muhammad Ali's leadership was not without controversy, though.
    Despite being effective, his conquest expeditions were frequently harsh, which
    caused local communities to be uprooted and suffer. Farmers and laborers suffered
    from the effects of his economic policies, such as the forced production of cotton.
    Additionally, his family's power was consolidated under his centralized rule, which
    resulted in the stifling of dissent. He also suppressed political opposition. In
    conclusion, Egypt's history changed dramatically during Muhammad Ali's rule
    there. He enacted changes that strengthened the central government and
    modernized the economy, military, legal system, and educational system. Yet, due
    to the fact that many of his measures had unfavorable effects on the Egyptian
    populace, his leadership was also clouded in controversy and criticism. Ultimately,
    Muhammad Ali's legacy is still a significant part of Egyptian history and has an
    ongoing impact on the nation.

    Sarah Ghostine

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