QUARTER 2 B.

Write each of the following polynomial functions in

factored form.
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION is a function that involves only non-
negative integer powers of a variable in an equation.

𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝒏−𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎

where: 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0
𝑎0 , 𝑎1,…, 𝑎𝑛 = coefficients
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 = leading term Intercepts
𝑎𝑛 = leading coefficient
𝑎0 = constant term INTERCEPTS are the points that have zero as either the x or the
y.
The terms of a polynomial may be written in any order. • x-intercepts of a graph are the x-values when y = 0.
However, if they are written in decreasing powers of x, we say • y-intercept of a graph is the y-value when x = 0.
the polynomial function is in standard form.

• 𝑃(𝑥) 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑦. Find the intercepts of the following:

1. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟔

Solution:

To find the x-intercept/s, set y = 0. Use the factored form. That

• 𝑃(𝑥) maybe written in standard form and factored
is,
form.
y = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
y = (x + 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) Factor completely.
0 = (x + 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) Equate y to 0.
x + 1 = 0 or x – 2 = 0 or x – 3 = 0 Equate each factor
Activity 1: Which is Which? (p. 106) x = –1 x=2 x=3 to 0 to determine x.
Determine whether each of the following is a polynomial
expression or not. Give your reasons.
The x-intercepts are –1, 2, and 3. This means the graph will
pass through (-1, 0), (2, 0), and (3, 0).

Finding the y-intercept is more straightforward. Simply set x =

0 in the given polynomial. That is,

y = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
y = 03 – 4(0)2 + 0 + 6

y=6
Activity 2: Fix and Move Them, then Fill Me Up (p. 107) The y-intercept is 6. This means the graph will also pass
Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table
through (0,6).
below.

2. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟔𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙

Activity 5: Seize and Intercept Me (p. 110)

Activity 4: Do you miss me? Here I Am Again (pp. 108-109) Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following
A. Factor each polynomial completely using any polynomial functions:
method.
 Activity 6: Give Me More Companions (p.111) The Leading Coefficient Test
Determine the x-intercept/s and the y-intercept of each given
polynomial function. To obtain other points on the graph, find
the value of y that corresponds to each value of x in the table. Degree of Sign of End Graph
Polynomial an Behavior of
the Graph

Odd Positive Falls to the

left and
rises to the
right.

3. Odd Negative Rises to the

left and
falls to the
right.

4.
Even Positive Rises to the
left and
rises to the
right.

Graph of Polynomial Function

Even Negative Falls to the
• Is continuous, smooth, and has rounded turns. left and
falls to the
• It will touch the x-axis at zeros with even multiplicities
right.
and cross the x-axis at zeros with odd multiplicities.
• The number of turning points is strictly less than the
degree of the polynomial. It has at most, (n-1) turning
points.

Examples:

Use the leading coefficients test to determine the end

behavior of the graph.

1. P(x) = 2x3 - 5x2 – x + 6

2. P(x) = -x5 + 2x4 + 5x3 - 10x2 - 4x + 8

3. P(x) = x4 + 3x3- 13x2 - 27x + 36

4. P(x) = -x6 – x5 + 18x4 – 2x3 – 77x2 + 99x -36

Consider the given graph: Activity 7: What is the destiny of my behavior? (p. 112)
Given the polynomial function y = (x + 4)(x + 2)(x – 1)(x – 3),
complete the table below. Answer the questions that follow.
zeros: -3, -2, 1

y-intercept: -6

no. of turning points: 2

Questions: Activity 8: Sign on and Sketch Me (p. 115)
For each of the following functions, give:
1. At what point(s) does the graph pass through the x-axis? (a) the x-intercept(s)
(b) the intervals obtained when the x-intercepts are used to
2. If x  - 4, what can you say about the graph?
partition the number line
3. If -4 < x − 2, what can you say about the graph? (c) the table of signs
(d) a sketch of the graph.
4. If -2 < x  1, what can you say about the graph?

5. If 1 < x  3, what can you say about the graph?

6. If x  3, what can you say about the graph?

Table of Signs will help in locating the curve of the graph of For each of these polynomial functions, answer the following:
polynomial functions.
a. What happens to the graph as x decreases without bound?
b. For which interval(s) is the graph (i) above and (ii) below
the x-axis?
c. What happens to the graph as x increases without bound?
d. What is the leading term of the polynomial function? e.
What are the leading coefficient and the degree of the
function?

Activity 9: Follow My Path (pp. 115-117)

After sketching manually the graphs of the five functions
given in Activity 8, you will now be shown polynomial
functions and their corresponding graphs. Study each figure
and answer the questions that follow. Summarize your
The Graph of y = (x + 4)(x + 2)(x – 1)(x – 3) answers using a table similar to the one provided.

We can now use the information from the table of signs to

construct a possible graph of the function. At this level,
though, we cannot determine the turning points of the graph,
we can only be certain that the graph is correct with respect to
intervals where the graph is above, below, or on the x-axis.

The arrow heads at both ends of the graph signify that the
graph indefinitely goes upward.

Steps in Graphing Polynomial

Functions

1. Determine the end behavior of the potential graph.

2. Solve for the zero/s of the polynomial function.

3. Find the y-intercept of the polynomial function.

4. Draw a smooth curve that passes through the zero/s and the
y-intercept.

5. If a zero of a polynomial is of even multiplicity, the curve

touches the x-axis at this zero. Otherwise, if a zero is of odd
multiplicity, then the curve crosses the x-axis at this zero.
 Activity 11: Count Me In
Complete the table below. Then answer the questions that
follow.

Complete this table. In the last column, draw a possible graph

for the function, showing how the function behaves. (You do
not need to place your graph on the xy-plane). The first one
is done for you.

Summarize your findings from the four cases above. What do

you observe if:

1. the degree of the polynomial is odd, and the leading

coefficient is positive.

2. the degree of the polynomial is odd, and the leading

coefficient is negative.

3. the degree of the polynomial is even, and the leading Questions:

coefficient is positive.
a. What do you notice about the number of turning
4. the degree of the polynomial is even, and the leading
coefficient is negative. points of the quartic functions (numbers 1 and
2)? How about quintic functions (numbers 3 to
5)?
Activity 10: How should I pass through? (pp. 118-119)
b. From the given examples, do you think it is
Given the function y = (x+2)2 (x+1)3 (x-1)4 (x-2) and its graph, possible for the degree of a function to be less
complete the table below, then answer the questions that than the number of turning points?
follow.
c. State the relation of the number of turning
points of a function with its degree n.

Activity 12: It’s Your Turn, Show Me (p. 121)

For each given polynomial function, describe or determine the
following, then sketch the graph. You may need a calculator in
some computations.

a. leading term
b. end behaviors
c. x-intercepts
points on the x-axis
d. multiplicity of roots
e. y-intercept
point on the y-axis.
f. number of turning points
g. sketch
Questions:
a. What do you notice about the graph when it passes through
a root of even multiplicity?
b. What do you notice about the graph when it passes through
a root of odd multiplicity?
Activity 13: Investigate Deeper and Decide Wisely will you do to meet the specifications needed for
(pp. 122-123) the box? Show a mathematical solution.

Work in groups. Apply the concepts of polynomial functions to

answer the questions in each problem. Use a calculator when
needed.

1. Look at the pictures below. What do these tell us?

Filipinos need to take the problem of deforestation
seriously.

The table below shows the forest cover of the Philippines in

relation to its total land area of approximately 30 million
hectares.

A cubic polynomial that best models the data is given by:

Questions/Tasks:
a. Using the graph, what is the approximate forest
cover during the year 1940?
b. Compare the forest cover in 1987 (as given in the
table) to the forest cover given by the polynomial
function. Why are these values not exactly the same?
c. Do you think you can use the polynomial to predict
the forest cover in the year 2100? Why or why not?

2. The members of a group of packaging designers

of a gift shop are looking for a precise procedure
to make an open rectangular box with a volume
of 560 cubic inches from a 24-inch by 18-inch
rectangular piece of material. The main problem
is how to identify the sides of identical squares
to be cut from the four corners of the
rectangular sheet so that such box can be made.

Question/Task:
Suppose you are chosen as the leader, and you
are tasked to lead in solving the problem. What