PLASTIC DESIGN

Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

Example 6
For the frame (ABCDE) that’s affected by horizontal and
vertical concentrated load (P), find the collapse load in
terms of (Mp) using the lower bound theorem.
Solution
This frame is classified as an indeterminate structure to
the 1nd degree. The horizontal reaction at support (E)
will be considered as the redundant variable. The
composite moment diagram showed that the maximum
moments are presented by the negative moments at (B &
D) and the positive moment at (C). For these to be equal
to the full plastic moment:

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 PLASTIC DESIGN
Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

𝑀𝐷 = 𝑀𝐶 =
𝑀𝑝
𝐿 𝐻
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝐶 = 𝑃 ( + ) − 𝑀𝑝
4 2
𝐿 𝐻
→ 𝑀𝑝 = 𝑃( + ) − 𝑀𝑝
4 2
𝑀𝑝
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑢 = 2 𝐿 𝐻
( + )
4 2
𝑀𝑝
Or 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝑝 → 𝑀𝑝 = 𝐻𝑃 − 𝑀𝑝 → 𝑃𝑢 = 2
𝐻

Example 7
For the frame (ABCDEFG) that’s affected by
two vertical concentrated loads (P), find the
collapse load in terms of (Mp) using the lower
bound theorem.
Solution
This frame is classified as an indeterminate
structure to the 1nd degree. The horizontal
reaction at support (G) will be considered as the
redundant variable.

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 PLASTIC DESIGN
Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

The composite moment diagram showed that the maximum moments are presented by the
negative moments at (B&F) and the positive moment at (C& E). For these to be equal to the
full plastic moment:
𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐹 = 𝑀𝑝 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐹 = 2𝐿𝐺𝑥
𝑀𝑝
→ 𝑀𝑝 = 2𝐿𝐺𝑥 → 𝐺𝑥 =
2𝐿
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝐶 = 𝑀𝐸 = 𝑀𝑝
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝐶 = 𝑀𝐸 = 𝑃𝐿 − 2.5𝐿𝐺𝑥
𝑀𝑝 𝑀𝑝
→ 𝑀𝑝 = 𝑃𝐿 − 2.5𝐿 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑢 = 2.25
2𝐿 𝐿

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 PLASTIC DESIGN
Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

Example 8
For the frame (ABCDE) that’s affected by a system of load,
find the collapse load in terms of (Mp) using the lower bound
theorem.
Solution
This frame is classified as an indeterminate structure to the
1nd degree. The horizontal reaction at support (E) will be
considered as the redundant variable.
Moment diagrams for actual and redundant variables
showed that the maximum moments are presented by the
negative moment at point (D) and the positive moment at
section (1 or 2). For these to be equal to the full plastic
moment:

𝑀𝑝
𝑀𝐷 = 𝑀𝑝 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝐷 = 𝐻𝐸𝑥 → 𝑀𝑝 = 𝐻𝐸𝑥 → 𝐸𝑥 =
𝐻

𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑀1 𝑜𝑟 𝑀2 ) = 𝑀𝑝
𝑥 3 𝑥
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑀1 = 𝑃𝑥 (1 − ) + 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑃𝐻 (1 − ) − 𝐻𝐸𝑥
𝐿 4 𝐿
7 𝐻 𝑥2
= 𝑃 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − + 𝐻) − 𝑀𝑝
4 𝐿 𝐿
7 𝐻 𝑥2
→ 2𝑀𝑝 = 𝑃 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − + 𝐻)
4 𝐿 𝐿

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 PLASTIC DESIGN
Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

7 𝐻 𝑥2
For the left side to be maximum, the term ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − + 𝐻) should be maximized so that:
4 𝐿 𝐿

𝑑 7 𝐻 𝑥2 7 𝐻 2𝑥 7 𝐻
( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − + 𝐻) = 0 → − − =0 →𝑥= 𝐿−
𝑑𝑥 4 𝐿 𝐿 4 𝐿 𝐿 8 2
7 𝐻
7 7 𝐻 𝐻 7 𝐻 ( 𝐿 − )2
→ 2𝑀𝑝 = 𝑃 ( ( 𝐿 − ) − ( 𝐿 − ) − 8 2
+ 𝐻)
4 8 2 𝐿 8 2 𝐿

2𝑀𝑝
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑢1 = 49 1 1
( 𝐿+ 𝐻+ 𝐻2 )
64 8 4𝐿
𝑥 𝑃 𝑥 3 𝐻 𝑥2 𝐿
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀2 = 𝑃𝑥 (1 − ) + (𝐿 − 𝑥) + 𝑃𝐻 (1 − ) − 𝐻𝐸𝑥 = 𝑃 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − + 𝐻 + ) − 𝑀𝑝
𝐿 4 𝐿 4 𝐿 𝐿 4

3 𝐻 𝑥2 𝐿
→ 2𝑀𝑝 = 𝑃 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥− +𝐻+ )
4 𝐿 𝐿 4
3 𝐻 𝑥2 𝐿
For the left side to be maximum, the term ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 − + 𝐻 + ) should be maximized so that:
4 𝐿 𝐿 4

𝑑 3 𝐻 𝑥2 𝐿 3 𝐻 2𝑥 3 𝐻
( 𝑥− 𝑥− +𝐻+ )=0 → − − =0 →𝑥 = 𝐿−
𝑑𝑥 4 𝐿 𝐿 4 4 𝐿 𝐿 8 2
3 𝐻 2
3 3 𝐻 𝐻 3 𝐻 ( 𝐿− ) 𝐿
→ 2𝑀𝑝 = 𝑃 ( ( 𝐿 − ) − ( 𝐿 − ) − 8 2
+𝐻+ )
4 8 2 𝐿 8 2 𝐿 4

2𝑀𝑝
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑢2 = 25 5 1
( 𝐿+ 𝐻+ 𝐻2 )
64 8 4𝐿
49 1 1 2
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐻 = 0.5 𝐿 → ( 𝐿+ 𝐻+ 𝐻 )
64 8 4𝐿
25 5 1 2
> ( 𝐿+ 𝐻+ 𝐻 ) → 𝑃𝑢2 > 𝑃𝑢1
64 8 4𝐿
2𝑀𝑝
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑃𝑢 = 49 1 1
( 𝐿 + 𝐻 + 𝐻2 )
64 8 4𝐿

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 PLASTIC DESIGN
Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

Example 9
Resolve (Example 6) using the principle of virtual
displacement if (H= L/3).
Solution
Three assumptions will be considered regarding the
generated collapsed plastic hinge systems. The first
concerns the effect of the vertical load, plastic hinges
will be produced at points (B, C & D). The second
suggests plastic hinges at points (B & D) that
represent the effect of the horizontal load. The last
assumption characterizes the combined effect of the
applied load system, two plastic hinges will be generated at points (C & D).
First assumption

∑ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ∗ 𝛿 = ∑ 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝜃

𝑃𝛿 = 𝑀𝑝 𝜃 + 2𝑀𝑝 𝜃 + 𝑀𝑝 𝜃 = 4𝑀𝑝 𝜃
𝛿
𝑏𝑢𝑡 tan 𝜃 = 𝜃 =
𝐿/2
𝛿 8
𝑃𝛿 = 4𝑀𝑝 → 𝑃 = 𝑀𝑝
𝐿/2 𝐿
Second assumption
𝑃
𝛿 = 𝑀𝑝 𝜃 + 𝑀𝑝 𝜃 = 2𝑀𝑝 𝜃
2
𝛿 𝛿
𝑏𝑢𝑡 tan 𝜃 = 𝜃 = =
𝐻 𝐿/3
𝑃 𝛿 12
𝛿 = 2𝑀𝑝 → 𝑃= 𝑀
2 𝐿/3 𝐿 𝑝

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 PLASTIC DESIGN
Assist Prof. Dr. Shatha Dheyaa Mohammed

Third assumption
𝑃
𝛿 + 𝑃𝛿2 = 2𝑀𝑝 𝜃 + 2𝑀𝑝 𝜃 = 4𝑀𝑝 𝜃
2 1
𝛿1 𝐿𝜃
𝑏𝑢𝑡 tan 𝜃 = 𝜃 = → 𝛿1 =
𝐻 3
𝛿2 𝐿𝜃
𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 𝜃 = 𝜃 = → 𝛿2 =
𝐿/2 2
𝐿𝜃 𝐿𝜃 6
𝑃 +𝑃 = 4𝑀𝑝 𝜃 → 𝑃 = 𝑀𝑝
6 2 𝐿

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The collapse load is (𝑃 = 𝑀𝑝 ) since it represents the smallest value and the third assumption
𝐿
is the valid one.