LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

TEXT 1

Head of the Ombudsman Jakarta, Teguh Nugroho, on Thursday said that the central government
does not seem to have a comprehensive vision upon handling the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, in
addition to the recent talks of introducing a ‘new normal’ restriction-loosening concept despite any
significant drop in the number of cases.

“The central government is still heavily revolving around political-economy considerations instead
of evidence-based policies,” said Nugroho in a text message to Tempo today, May 28. He expressed his
pessimism that the COVID-19 pandemic would be able to be suppressed seeing that the central government,
which he claimed, remains to be inconsistent despite taking the role of the decision-maker for every
Indonesian region to break the chain of COVID-19 transmission.

However, he said that he has seen otherwise. The central government often seems to be adamant
to relax the large-scale social restriction (PSBB) and try to introduce the ‘new normal’ concept amid the
spread of the virus. “The relaxation of the PSBB is not unusual. The first and second PSBB phase had been
hampered by the central government,” said the Ombudsman Jakarta chair.

According to Nugroho, the central policies that compromised the success of regional PSBB start
from allowing people to travel across regional borders for the Eid homecoming, permitting the activities of
work sectors that are excluded from PSBB regulations, up to the recent decision to allow people under 45
years old to go out of their homes and come to work. Nugroho advised people to take an example of Vietnam
that has somewhat managed to control and suppress the COVID-19 pandemic.

Source: Tempo English, Ombudsman Jakarta: Central Policies Often Contradict City Government

1. How does author connects ideas between paragraph 1 and 2…

(A) Paragraph 1 give statement about central government restriction loosening and paragraph 2
exemplify the statement from paragraph 1
(B) Paragraph 1 conclude detailed information about central government restriction loosening
from paragraph 2
(C) Paragraph 1 previously mention central government restriction loosening as a non-
comprehensive vision and paragraph 2 give further statement from Head of Ombudsman
(D) Paragraph 1 supports relationship between statement from Head of Ombudsman and paragraph
2 give reason behind central government lack of vision policy to loosening the restriction (PSBB)
(E) Paragraph 2 give evidences about central government restriction-loosening policies as a bad
idea mentioned in paragraph 1

2. The statement “Nugroho advised people to take an example of Vietnam that has somewhat managed
to control and suppress the COVID-19 pandemic” can best be restated as…
(A) Nugroho stated Vietnam become a role model to control COVID-19 pandemic
(B) Nugroho warn Vietnam as role model to control COVID-19 pandemic
(C) Nugroho cited Vietnam as role model for Indonesia to control COVID-19 pandemic
(D) Nugroho advice people to follow instruction from Vietnam to control COVID-19 pandemic
(E) Nugroho warn people to follow government instruction from Vietnam to control COVID-19
pandemic
 3. The text states all of the following except…
(A) The government will most likely loosen the the large-scale social restriction (PSBB) and try to
introduce the ‘new normal’ concept among the COVID-19 spread
(B) Nugroho is pessimist that the COVID-19 pandemic would be able to be suppressed seeing that
the central government inconsistent decision the curb the COVID-19 pandemic
(C) The central government have a crystal clear plan to handle and cope with COVID-19 pandemic.
(D) The central government policies about COVID-19 heavily influenced political and economy
consideration instead of focusing about the worsen facts of COVID-19.
(E) The latest PSBB loosening policy include the people under 45 years old to go out of their homes
and come to work from the sectors that are excluded from the previous policy.

4. The word “amid” in paragraph 3 have similar meaning with…

(A) Among
(B) Away
(C) Complete
(D) Separate
(E) Comply

5. The writer’s attitude towards the text is…

(A) Sarcasm
(B) Positive
(C) Concerned
(D) Uncertain
(E) Passive

TEXT 2

Scientists in Britain began clinical trials of a potential COVID-19 vaccine on Thursday, April 23, as
other vaccine developers across Europe also stepped up work on experimental shots against the disease
caused by the new coronavirus. A team at Britain’s Oxford University dosed the first volunteers in a trial of
their vaccine - called “ChAdOx1 nCoV-19” - while Italy’s ReiThera, Germany’s Leukocare and Belgium’s
Univercells said they were working together on another potential shot and aimed to start trials in a few
months.

Britain’s GSK and France’s Sanofi last week announced a similar agreement to develop a COVID-19
vaccine, with trials starting in the second half of the year. As many as 100 potential COVID-19 candidate
vaccines are now under development by biotech and research teams around the world, and at least five of
these are in preliminary testing in people in what is known as Phase 1 clinical trials.

The Oxford scientists said last week that large-scale production capacity was being put in place to
make millions of doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 shot, even before trials show whether it is effective. They
said on Thursday that the main focus of initial tests is “to find out if this vaccine is going to work against
COVID-19, if it won’t cause unacceptable side effects and if it induces good immune responses”.

Charlie Weller, head of vaccines at the Wellcome Trust global health charity, said on Wednesday
that to develop safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines to protect everyone as soon as possible, “the world
needs to be prepared to execute the largest and fastest scale-up in vaccine manufacturing history”. A Swiss
scientist said on Thursday he aimed to get ahead of industry projections that a COVID-19 vaccine will take
18 months, with a hope to put his laboratory’s version in use in Switzerland this year. Instead of using a
weakened virus-like some vaccines, Bachmann said his team had opted for a “virus-like particle” that
mimics the coronavirus, only without its genetic material needed for replication.

6. In which paragraph(s) does the writer describe the COVID-19 vaccine as a safe and effective
medicine…
(A) 1 and 3
(B) 2
(C) 3 and 4
(D) 4
(E) None of the paragraph

7. The initial test of COVID-19 vaccine mentioned in paragraph 3 have the main focus to…
(A) To test the rigidity of human body against new viruses in the vaccine dose
(B) To make sure the COVID-19 vaccine is the only feasible way to save humanity from world
pandemic
(C) To make sure the scientists the COVID-19 vaccine will be ready in the near future
(D) To test the effectivity of vaccine and make sure it has no negative side impact to human body
(E) To make a statement that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is the cure of COVID-19

8. Who develops and produces 100 potential COVID-19 vaccine to distribute worldwide…
(A) Oxford scientist
(B) Scientist in Britain
(C) Wellcome Trust Global Health Charity
(D) Britain’s GSK and France’s Sanofi
(E) Vaccine developers across Europe

9. Why does the vaccine need to be produce as soon as possible…

(A) To wipe the vaccine of COVID-19 worldwide
(B) To curb the people interest amongst COVID-19 pandemic
(C) To spread information about progress of COVID-19 vaccine
(D) To find cure of COVID-19 for people worldwide
(E) To disinfect people from COVID-19

10. What is the conclusion of paragraph 3…

(A) Large-scale production capacity is about to build to makes the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine for
COVID-19
(B) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine needs to be build in large scale production facility
(C) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine effects researched in large scale production capacity lab
(D) Large scales production capacity used to research cause unacceptable side effects of ChAdOx1
nCoV-19 vaccine
(E) Initial test is about to launched in large scales production capacity lab

TEXT 3

A longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres,
connected by the corpus callosum. The sides resemble each other and each hemisphere's structure is
generally mirrored by the other side. Yet despite the strong similarities, the functions of each cortical
hemisphere are different.
 Popular psychology tends to make broad and sometimes pseudoscientific generalizations about
certain functions (e.g. logic, creativity) being lateral, that is, located in either the right or the left side of the
brain. Researchers often critcize popular psychology for this, because the popular lateralizations are often
distributed across both hemispheres, although mental processing is divided between them.

Fundamental to brain process lateralization is the fact that the lateral sulcus generally is longer in
he left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere. The extent of specialized brain function by area remains
under investigation. If a specific region of the brain is either injured or destroyed, its functions can
sometimes be recovered by a neighboring region, even in the opposite hemisphere, depending upon the
area damaged and the patient's age.

Brain function laterization is evident in the phenomena of right- or left-handedness and of right or
left ear preference, but a person's preferred hand is not a clear indication of the location of brain function.
Although 95% of righthanded people have left-hemisphere language function, only 18.8% of left-handed
people have right-hemisphere language function. Additionally, 19.8% of the left-handed have bilateral
language functions.

11. What is the best title of the text?

(A) Lateralization process
(B) Brain anatomy
(C) Lateralization of brain function
(D) Brain function
(E) Right and left handedness

12. According to the text, when there is damage in a specific region, its function …
(A) maybe remedied by another region
(B) will be permanently injured
(C) signs the end of lateralization
(D) also destroys the other hemisphere
(E) takes a long time to recover

13. We can conclude that the writer's stance on popular psychology in defining lateralization of certain
function is …
(A) supportive
(B) ignorant
(C) neutral
(D) excited
(E) attentive

14. The text mainly discusses …

(A) the process and the function of brain lateralization
(B) the structure of the brain
(C) how popular psychology define lateralization
(D) right- and left- handedness
(E) the two hemispheres of the brain

15. The text is most probably found in …

(A) an encyclopedia
(B) a guidebook
 (C) a leaflet
(D) a brochure
(E) an editorial

TEXT 5

Veins are responsible for transporting blood from the body back to the heart where it is loaded
with oxygen in the lungs before being distributed to the rest of the body again. Veins on the legs have the
toughest job because they must push the blood against the force of gravity and the pressure of body weight
in an upstream motion. To assist in this task, veins have one-way valves that prevent the blood from flowing
backward. When there are problems with the valves, it causes blood to stay in the leg and cause the vein to
swell.

There are two kinds of enlarged veins: varicose veins and spider veins. Varicose veins are dark
blue or purplish in color and they bulge above the skin's surface. Spider veins are much smaller and they
look like red or blue spider webs which lie close to the surface of the skin. Forty-five-year-old Sarah
developed varicose veins on her thighs many years ago, after giving birth to her third child. Initially, she
ignored it, thinking that it was nothing more than an aesthetic hindrance. Shortly after, Sarah experienced
cramps, especially at night and both legs were constantly aching, tired and swollen. She also felt conscious
of its appearance whenever she wears a skirt to work.

Varicose veins are common among the general population - 35% of women and 20% of men over
20 years old are diagnosed with this condition. Factors that increase the risk of developing varicose veins
include prolonged sitting or standing, multiple pregnancies, family history of varicose veins, obesity and
wearing of high heels or tight garments. To prevent the development of varicose veins, one should exercise
regularly to keep the blood flowing. Women should also avoid wearing high heel shoes (not more than 3-4
cm high) and tight clothing that wraps around the legs.

To alleviate the discomfort, people with varicose veins can try raising both legs above their chest
to facilitate the blood flow or wearing compression stockings. Clinical treatments for varicose veins are also
available to improve the cosmetic appearance and reduce the aching, swelling, and other serious problems
such as blood clots and ulcers. In Sarah's case, the many doctors she had consulted offered surgery as an
option to remove the varicose veins on her legs. However, this is an invasive procedure which requires an
anesthesia and hospitalization.

16. What is the text mainly about?

(A) Types of veins
(B) Functions of veins
(C) Varicose veins
(D) Kinds of enlarged veins
(E) Spider veins

17. This text is most probably found in a an

(A) medical textbook
(B) newspaper editorial
(C) sports magazine
(D) health report
(E) health magazine

18. Which of the following is NOT included in the causes of varicose veins?
 (A) Delivering a baby
(B) Constant aching of both legs
(C) Wearing high heel shoes
(D) Sitting or standing for hours
(E) Hereditary

19. The phrase “an aesthetic hindrance” in paragraph 2 means’ …

(A) a restriction to keep one's health
(B) an obstruction to become beautiful
(C) a difficulty to overcome the disease
(D) A constraint to the beauty of the skin
(E) an obstacle to move freely

20. According to the text, a surgery is most needed for a patient with varicose veins when____
(A) the patient's legs are constantly aching and swollen
(B) the patient has problems after delivering a baby
(C) the patient's exercise keeps the blood flowing
(D) the patient wants to improve his/her appearance
(E) the patient has already suffered for a long time