Paper – I

Subject – Physics
Class – XII

Time allowed – 3 hours Maximum marks 70

General Instructions:

(i) All questions are compulsory

(ii) There are 30 questions in total Questions 1 to 8 carry one mark each, questions
9 to 18 carry two marks each, questions 19 to 27 carry three marks each and
questions 28 to 30 carry 5 marks each.

(iii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all three questions
of five marks each. You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such
questions

(iv) Use of calculators is not permitted.

All questions are compulsory.

Q.1 The output of an unregulated D.C. power supply is to be regulated. Draw the
relevant circuit diagram and name the device.

Q.2 Which one is electromagnetic Radiation:  rays,  rays & Gamma rays.

Q.3 A square wave (-1 V to +1 V) is applied to PN junction diode as shown below.

Draw the output wave form.

Q.4 The susceptibility of a magnetic material is -0.085. Identify the magnetic type
of the material. A specimen of this material is kept in a non uniform magnetic
field. Draw the modified field pattern.

Q.5 A bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to a source of alternating

current. What will happen on increasing the frequency of A.C. source?
Q.6 If the angle between the planes of a polarizer and analyser is 60°, by what
factor does the intensity of transmitted light change when passing through the
analyser?

Q.7 Name the device used for measuring the internal resistance of a secondary
cell.

Q.8 The work done in moving a charge 2C between two points is 6J. What is the
potential difference between these two points?

Q.9 Using Biot Savarat’s law, derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity
at the centre of a current carrying circular coil.

Q.10 A galvanometer of resistance G has maximum safe potential difference V 0.

What resistance must be connected in series so that it may become a
voltmeter of range nV0 volts.

Q.11 An electron & a proton have same kinetic energy. Which of the two has a
greater de-Broglie wavelength? Explain.

Q.12 Why modulation is necessary in communication system?

OR

Describe realization of OR Gate with circuit diagram using semiconductor

diode.

Q.13 Deduce an expression for half life in terms of disintegration constant.

Q.14 In an experiment of photoelectric effect, the slope of cut-off voltage versus

frequency of incident light is found to be 4.12 x 10 -15 Vs. Calculate the value of
plank’s constant.

Q.15 Calculate the capacitance C in fig. The equivalent capacitance between the
points P&Q is 30µF.

Q.16 A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 140cm and an
eyepiece of focal length 5.0cm. What is the magnifying power of telescope for
viewing distant objects when
 (a) The telescope is in normal adjustment.

(b) The final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision.

Q.17 Explain the working of pnp Transistor with help of a diagram.

Q.18 Given below are two electrical circuits A and B. Calculate the ratio of power
factor of circuits B to the power factor of circuit A.

n n

2 x 10 = 18

Q.19 A cylindrical wire is stretched to increase its length by 10%. Calculate the
percentage increase in its resistance.

Q.20 Give reasons for the following:-

(a) Long distance radio broadcast use short wave bands.

(b) Satellites are used for long distance TV transmission.

Q.21 Using the relation for refraction at a single spherical reflecting surface, derive
the lens maker’s formula.

Q.22 (a) Discuss the formation of depletion layer & barrier potential in p-n
junction.

(b) The base current of a transistor is 105µA and collector current is

2.05mA. Find the value of .

Q.23 In the following figure a ray PQ is incident on Prism ABC. Show

corresponding refracted and emergent rays. The vertical angle of material of
prism is 45° what is the refractive index of material of prism.
 OR

Draw the ray diagram of a compound microscope and derive the expression
for magnifying power.

Q.24 (a) Draw the energy level diagram showing the emission of β particle
followed by  rays by a 27Co60 nucleus.

(b) Plot the distribution of kinetic energy of β particles and state why
energy spectrum is continuous.

Q.25 Two small identical circular loops marked (1) and (2) carrying equal currents
are placed with the geometrical axes perpendicular to each other as shown in
figure. Find the magnitude and direction of net magnetic field produced at 0.

Q.26 State the principle of working of a meter bridge. How can it be used to
measure unknown resistance. Draw the necessary circuit diagram.

Q.27 Give reasons for the following observations made from earth.

(a) Sun is visible before the actual sunrise.

(b) Sun looks reddish at sunset.

Q.28 a) Use gauss’s law to find the electric field intensity at a point near a thin
and non-conducting infinite plane sheet of charge.

b) Two concentric hallow metal spheres A and B have radii a and b (>a).
The outer sphere is given a +ve charge q and inner one is earthed.
Find the charge on inner sphere.

OR
 Explain principle construction working of Vande Graff generator with the help
of a neat labelled diagram.

Q.29 a) Explain with the help of diagram the principle and working of AC
generator.

b) An AC generator consists of a coil of 100 turns and cross sectional

area of 3m2 rotating at a constant angular speed of 60 radians per
second in a uniform magnetic field of 0.04 Tesla. The resistance of the
coil is 500Ω. Calculate maximum current drawn from generator.

OR

a) Draw a labelled diagram of a step up transformer & explain briefly its

working. How is power transmission and distribution over long
distances done with the use of transformers?

Q.30 a) Distinguish between unpolorised & polarized light. Define plane of

vibration & plane of polarization.

b) How is polarization of light done by scattering?

OR

a) With the help of Young’s experiment of interference of light, obtain the

condition of maxima and minima of light.

b) Find the ratio of intensities at points on a screen in Young’s double slit

experiment where the interfering waves have a path difference of (i) 0
(ii) /4.
 Solution – Paper – 1

Ans (1)

Ans (2) Gamma Rays

Ans (3)

Ans (4) Diamagnetic

Ans (5) Z=

When  increase z will be decrease

 = will increase so brightness

Ans (6)
 =

Ans (7) Potentiometer

Ans (8)

Ans (9) According to Biot savarat’s law Manetic field at O due to small current
element dl of circular loop

 = 90° (angle between r and dl)

dB =

Total magnetic field at the centre,

B=

For n turns
Ans (10) Ig = and  = n0

Ig =

R+G = nG

R = (n-1) G

Ans (11) And also  =

Kinetic (for electron)

Kinetic (for Proton)

given

 mp > me, Thus e > p.

Ans (12) Modulation is necessary for communication. Following points are

supporting the given statement
1) The energy of Modulating signal is low as its frequency is low.

2) Signal becomes noisy. As all unwanted signals are also of Low frequency

3) For effective transmission the height of antenna must be ¼ time the

wavelength for 20,000Hz signal Height req. comes out to be 3750m which
is practically not possible.

OR
+5v
Ans(12) OR gate using diodes.

ov
Truth Table for OR gate

(i) When A = 0, B = 0 both D 1 and D2 are not conducting so no voltage drop

across RL hence output y = 0 when A = 0, b = 1

(ii) Diode D1 is not conducting and D2 is conducting. D1 and D2 both are ideal
diode. Current passes through D2 and output is across RL So y = 1

(iii) When A = 1, B = 0 Diode D 1 is conducting and D2 will not be conducting.

Current passes through D1 and output is 1.

(iv) When A = 1, B = 1 both D 1 and D2 diodes are conducting as both diodes

are forward bias. Current passes through D1 and D2 output 1 is across RL.

Ans(13) We know N =

At N =

Or =2

t = loge2 =

Half life of Radio active substance

Where  = destengration constant

Ans(14) Ek = h - 
e0 = h - 

e
 0 = -

&

Clearly slope of V0 – v curve is

= 4.12 x 10-15e Js

= 4.12 x 10-15 x 1.6 x 10-19

= 6.59 x 10-34 JS.

Ans(15) as all 20µF capacitors are in parallel

C = 20 + 20 + 20

= 60µF

C and 60 µF are in series

= +

C1 = = 30

60C = 30C + 1800

30C = 18000

C = 60µF

Ans(16) M=

= 33.6

Ans(17)
Emitter Base, junction is forward biased by V EB and collector base junction is
reversed blased by VCB hole moves from emitter to base. Ie exist in direction shown

Since base is thin & lightly doped hole moves to collector region this process is
helped by VCB Ic exist in same direction.

Few holes are neutrilised in base & are captured by VEB. Ib exist is shown in direction
such that.

Ie = Ib + Ic

Where Ie = Emitter Current

Ib = base current

Ic = collector current

Ans(18) Power Factor Cos  =

ZB = Impendance of ckt A =

ZA = Impendance of ckt B =
 1
Ans(19) = + 0.10 = 1.1

= 1.1

Volume of two wires are equal

A = A' '

Now R = and R' =

Or = (1.1)2 = 1.21

x 100 = 21%

Ans(20) (a) Range of ground wave propagation method is small due to

absorption of wave energy in the surface of earth and medium
wavelength radio waves cannot propagate as sky waves.

(b) Television signals are not reflected by ionosphere.

Ans(21) Consider object 0 Incident at surface XP 1Y if XP2Y is not present it go

straight and meet I'.

Refraction occurs through XP1Y

+ + ....... (i)
For refraction at XP2Y we can regard I' as virtual object so

+ + ...... (ii)

Adding (i) and (ii)

When v = v=f

Ans(22)

There is a deffusion of charge due to thermal agitation so some of e - of n regions

diffuse to p region and some of holes of p region diffuse to n region. Some charge
carriers combine with opposite charges to neutralise. Thus near the junction there is
exess of +ve charged ions and in n- regions –ve charges ions in P regions, hence an
electric held E setup.

Field direction from n to p region and stops further diffusion of charge. Thus the
layers is 10-4 m to 10-6 on either side of function is free from mobile charge carriers
and hence is called the depletion layer.

= = 19.52

Ans(23)
The refracted ray is QR and emergent ray is RC

Refractive Index

OR

Magnifying Power

B = tan  =

M=- =

Using (Put f = fe, v= -ve, u = -ue)

As Ve = D

Ans(24 (a)

Energy level diagram

(b)

Number 
Particle per
unit energy

Kinetic energy of  particles

(Energy distribution of β particle)

Ans(25) Magnetic field induction at 0 due to current loop is

Magnetic field at 0 due to loop 2

Resultant field at 0
Ans(26)

It based on wheat stone bridge to determine unknown resistance. After closing key K
and adjust the known resistance box for a suitable resistance R adjust the position of
jockey on wire say at B. Galvanometer shows zero deflection. Now the bridge is
balanced. According to wheat stone bridge principle.

P = resistance of length l of wire = r

Q = resistance of length (100 – ) of wire = (100 – )r

Ans(27) (a) With Increase in height the density and refractive Index of air
decreases. When sun is below the horizontal the light rays suffer
refraction and appear to come from horizon so sun is visible
before the actual sun rise.

(b) At sunset or surise the sun light travels a longer path through
the atmosphere reaches directly the observer’s eye. Since the
violet and blue light are strongly, scattered the light reaches the
observed deprived of violet and blue colour as I 

Ans(28) (a)
Consider infinite sheet which is uniformly charged. Let  is uniform charge density.
We want to calculate EFI at P. Draw a gaunian surface of cylindrical shape of length
2r & area S.

Charge enclosed in gaunian surface =  S Flux is given by . s = ES + 0 + ES
S
= 2ES

or E =
2o

(b)

Let q1 be the charge on inner spere. As A is earthed so net potential at center of A

must be = 0

OR
Vade graff generator : - It is device which generate very high voltage (10 7V). This
high voltage is used to accelerate charge particle which are useful in nuclear
physics.
Principle:- (i) The charge given to conductin shell quickly goes to surface of shell.

(ii) Corona discharge Action of Sharp points. The pointic ends of a conductor has
high charge density due to this high potential is created at these points. Which
causes ionization of air this way a wind of charge flows & is called corona discharge.
Construction:- It consist of hollow sphere of radius 7 10m which lies on insulating.
Stand, two specific designed conductors are there spray comb S1 – It sprays charge.
Collecting comb S2 – It collect charge. Rubber beet moves over pulley P 1 and P2 the
whole system enclose in steel chamber filled N2 & CH4.

N2
CH4

Working:- When spraying comb is connected to High Tension flow of +ve charge
occur. This +ve charge sticks to rubber belt.

At collecting comb (S2) induce charge is produced at farther end +ve charge is
created to which goes on to the surface of shell. The –ve charge at near shell
generates wind of –ve charge which neutralizes charges on beet. The process is
repeated. The potential at every point at surface and inside is same. The charge
from source gathers. High kinetic energy due to potential difference at the ends to
tube & net the nuclear target.

Ans(29) (a) Principal: It works on electro magnetic induction when ever flux
linked with coil changes an induced emf is produced.
When a coil retates in Magnetic field, flux changed at every instant induced emf
produced. When AB moves out direction of Induced current is clockwise through R.
After half rotation direction of current is anticlockwise through R.

Let n = no of nurns, B = applied Magnetic field

A = Area of coil  is uniform

 = nB ACos 

e= = -nBA Sint

e will be max when = max.

i.e. eo = nBA

(b)

I= =

= 100 x 3 x .04 x 60

= 720/500

Ans(29 Step up transformer

Principle: It works on mutual Induction. When current flowing through one coil
changes, Induced emf is produced in a neighbouring coil.

Working & flux through P1 P2 changes at every instant so Induced emf.

Assume rate of flux linked with S1 S2 remain same

Where of turns in Primary & Secondary

K is transformation Ratio

K>1 ES > Ep step up Transformer

K<1 Ep > Es step down Transformer

There is no power loss

E p Ip = E s Is

Efficiency: The ratio of output power to input power at any instant gives up efficiency
of transformer

For Ideal transformer n = 1 i.e.

Long distance transmission: The loss of power in transmission lives is I 2R. To reduce
power loss a.C is transmission at high voltages. This reduces I, so I 2R becomes
negligible.

Ans(30 Unpolarised light. The light having vibration of electric field vector in all
possible directions perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation is called
unpolarised light.

Polarised light: The light having vibration of electric vector in only one direction
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light is called plane polarized light.
The plane ABCD in which the vibration of polarized light are confined is called the
plane of vibration.

The plane EFGH which is to plane of vibration i.e. defined as plane of polarization.

(b) Path difference = 0

So phase difference = 0

I = 4 I0 Cos2 [as I = + + 2a1a2 cos ]

When a1 = a2 = a

I = 2 I0 + I0 Cos  [O = 2 I0 + Cos]

When path diff.

Phase diff.

OR

(a) Young’s Experiment:-

y1 = sin wt

Acc to super position principle

y = a sin wt  b sin(wt + )

Put

Squaring and adding (1) and (2)

For constructive interference For Destructive Interference

Cos  = max

Where n = 0, 1, 2…… Where n = 1, 2……

Also path difference Path difference

(b) Polarisation by scattering:-

A beam of unpolarized light is incident along z- axis on a scattered at 0. As light
waves are transverse in nature all the possible direction of electric vector in
unpolarised high.

When we look along x – axis only vibration of electric vector which are parallel to y
axis. Similarly when we look along y axis electric vector parallel to x – axis seen.
Hence light is polarized by scattering.