All organisms carry out seven life processes (movement, reproduction, sensitivity, growth, respiration, excretion, nutrition). All organisms are made from cells:
Cell part Function
cell surface membrane keeps cell together and controls what goes into and out of the cell nucleus controls the cell cytoplasm where activities happen, including respiration (which occurs in mitochondria) chloroplast contains chlorophyll to trap sunlight for photosynthesis cell wall made of cellulose and provides support vacuole storage space
A microscope is used to magnify tiny things such as cells.
total magnification = magnification of objective lens magnification of eyepiece lens. The object you look at is the specimen. It has to be thin to let light get through it. It is placed with a drop of water onto a slide. A coverslip is carefully lowered on top, to stop the specimen drying out, hold it flat and stop it moving. A stain can be used to help you see parts of the cell.
To use a microscope: A Place the smallest objective lens over the hole in the stage. B Turn the focusing wheel to move the objective lens close to the stage. C Place the slide on the stage. D Adjust the light source or mirror. E Look into the eyepiece lens. F Turn the focusing wheel until what you see is in focus.
Some cells are specialised and have special functions.
In animals In plants
Muscle cells shape to move things. Root hair cells take in water.
Fat cells in animals store fat. Xylem cells carry water.
A group of cells that are the same, all doing the
same job, is called a tissue (e.g. muscle tissue). A group of different tissues working together to do an important job is an organ. For example, the heart is an organ and is made of muscle tissue and nerve tissue. Organs have important functions.
Organs often work together in organ systems.
Organ system Organs Job
breathing system windpipe (trachea), lungs takes air into the body and gets rid of waste gases circulatory system heart, blood vessels carries oxygen and food around the body digestive system mouth, gullet, stomach, intestines breaks down food nervous system brain, spinal cord, nerves carries signals around the body urinary system bladder, kidneys gets rid of waste locomotor system muscles, bones allows movement water transport system (plants) roots, stem, leaves carries water up a plant
