Details of Village/Town

Village: Habitation:

Block District

Population: 2000

NO. of HH in Town (H): 500

No. of years Projected 15

Population projected 2600

Calculation- Population Mathod

Total Population (P) 2600

Floating Population (FP): 130

Generation rate per kapita/day from septic tanks (D): 0.00021

Generation rate per person per day (Pits) (E ): 0.00018

% of population OR HH dependent on Septic Tank : 80

Population Dependent on Septic Tank (F): 2080

% of population or households 5
dependent of Pits :
Population Dependent on pits (G): 130
FS generation in HH or population with septic tanks
(A) 0.4368

FS generation in HH or population with Pits (B) 0.0234

FS generation from public and community toilets (C ): 0.0273

Total FS Generated (A+B+C): 0.4875

1

Calculations - Transportation Method

Total Number of trucks in the town (T)

Average Capacity of trucks in m3 (V)

No of loads each truck Trips/week (n)

Average number of trips per month (r ): 0

Average number of desludging per month (R)
(By all the trucks): 0

No of working days in year (N): 312

Safety factor
Total FS collected from the town m3/day (Vt
) 0
Considering factor of Safety Total FS 0

Calculations – Volume of OSS Method

Volume of OSS Method for Pits

Average Volume of Pits (Cp) : 1.5

Typical Desludging Interval (Tp) : 3

No of Households or Containments (Hp): 350

No of Households or Containments (Hp) 1750

Total FS collected from the town m3/day (Vp): 2.804487

Volume of OSS Method for Septic Tanks

Average Volume of Septic Tank (Cs)

Typical Desludging Interval (Ts)

No of Households or Containments (Hs)

No of Households or Containments (Hs) 0

Total FS collected from the town m3/day (Vs) #DIV/0!

Volume of OSS Method for Public Toilet Septic Tanks

Average Volume of Public toilet septic tanks (Cpt)

Typical Desludging Interval (Tpt)

No of Households or containment (Hpt)

Total FS collected from the town m3/day (Vpt) #DIV/0!

Total volume of FS stored in OSS (Vp+Vs+Vpt) #DIV/0!

e/Town
Habitation:

tion Mathod

Cum

Cum

Cum

Cum

Cum

Cum
Cum

tation Method

Nos

Cum
 Nos

Days

% (10%-30% based on future expansion plan)

Cum/Day
Cum/Day

of OSS Method

hod for Pits

Cum

Years

Cum/Day

for Septic Tanks

Cum

Years

%
Nos

blic Toilet Septic Tanks

Cum

Years
Nos
 Design of Screen Chamber

Design Data

Maximum sludge discharge per each load (m3/Loading) 3 m3/load

Total Volume of sludge discharged per day (m3/day) 10 m3/day

Maximum flow rate of sludge from the truck into the

screen chamber per each loading (m3/s)
0.00333333333333333 m3/s

Assumptions
V
Approach velocity 0.6 m/s Sin(45)

Diameter of the bar 10-20 mm (if coarse screen) Sin (60)

Clear spacing b/w bars 20-30 mm (if coarse screen)

Inclination of the screen 45° - 60°

Manning’s coefficient 0.012 (based on the screen chamber surface)

Numbers of Bars 15-20 Nos

Design of Screen Chamber

Diameter of the circular bars facing flow (mm) 0.015 m

No. of bars 15 Nos

Clear Spacing between bars (mm) 0.02 m

Inclination of the screen 45 °

Velocity of the flow normal to the screen at peak flow (m/s) 0.6 m/s

Net submerged area 0.006 m2

Ratio of opening to the gross width 0.59

Gross Submerged area of the screen (m2) 0.00946180555555555 m2

Submerged Vertical cross-sectional area, (m2) 0.0067 m2

Velocity of flow in the screen chamber (m/sec) 0.352293577981652 m/s

Gross width of the screen chamber (m) 0.545 m

Liquid depth (m) 0.0122761593958333 m

Free Board (m) 0.5 m

Total depth (m) 0.512276159395833 m

Length of Chamber 1.5 m

Size of the channel/Screen chamber 0.418785760306094 m3

 (consider the discharge time of one truck at the plant – 10 -15 minutes)

Values of angle
= 0.7071067812

= 0.866

mber surface)

10-20mm

15-20 Nos

20-30mm

45 degree – 60degree

(flow rate (m3/sec))/Velocity of flow(m/sec)

((Number of Bars+1)*Spacing of bar
screen)/[number of bar+1*Spacing btw bars+
(Dia of bars*no.of bars)]

(net submeged area(m2))/([Ratio of opening to

the gross width])

Gross submerged area of the screen *(Sin (θ)^2

(Max flow rate(m3/sec))/(Submerged Cross

section area (m2))

(No.of bars * Dia of bars) + (( no of bars+1)*

spacing between bars))

(Cross sectional area of screen (m2))/( Gross

width of the screen chamber (m))

Liquid Depth + Free board

(Assume length of the chamber= 1-2 m)

Width (m) * Length (m) * Depth (m) =

(Assume length of the chamber= 1-2 m)
 Design of Thickening Tank

Design Data

Volume of inlet sludge (m3/day) 10

Inlet TSS: Total Suspended Solids in inlet sludge (in %) 2.50%

VS/TS ratio 0.65

Assumptions

Desired TS in thickened sludge 4%-6%

Settling efficiency 60-80%

HRT 1-2

SRT (Sludge retention time) 5-10

Operational cycle
a. Feeding phase 2-10
b. Resting phase 3-5
c. Emptying phase 1/2 to 1

Design of Thickening Tank

Time required for feeding in days (A) 3

Time required for resting in days (B) 2

Time required for emptying in days (C) 1

Cycle time in days 6

HRT

Number of thickening tanks (Assume) 2

Feeding days per cycle 3

Q: Volume of inlet sludge (m3/day) (refer data) 10

Inlet TS (%) (refer data) 2.50%

Settling efficiency (%) (refer assumption) 60%

Thickened sludge TS (%) (refer assumption) 5%

Outlet sludge flow (m3/day 9

Outlet supernatant flow (m3/day) 7

Determination of dimensions and retention time of thickening tank

Design data

No. of truck that may arrive during peak hours (to desludge at plant)

Volume of inlet Faecal sludge (m3/day) 10

Volume of faecal sludge (m3/batch)

TS: Total Solids in inlet sludge 2.50

Desired TS in thickened sludge 5%

Settling efficiency

Oil & Grease in inlet 0.10%

Oil & Grease accumulates 1%

Assumption:

Surface loading rate (SLR) 35-40

Up flow velocity 0.5

Length to Width ratio 3:1 to 5:1

HRT (Hydraulic retention time) 1-2

Height of oil and grease zone 0.2-0.3

Calculation for Determination of dimensions and retention time of thickening tank

TS load per day(kg) 1% = 10 kg/m³ 250

Surface loading rate (SLR) 30

Length to Width ratio 3

S: Surface area of tank (m2) 8.333333

W:Width (m) 1.666667

2

L:Length (m) (According to L/W ratio) 6

Chosen Surface area (m2) (LxW) 12

Volume of thickened sludge (m3) (Refer stage 1 calculation) 9

Volume of Supernatant (m3) (Refer stage 1 calculation) 7

Volume of Scum (m3) 3

Height of thickened layer (m) 0.75

Height of Supernatant layer (m) 0.583333

Height of Scum layer (m) 0.25

Free Board (m) 0.3

Total Hydraulic depth (m) 1.883333

Total volume of thickener (m3) 22.6

k

m3/day

[2.5 % = 25,000 mg/L]

Days

Days

Days
Days
Day

days

Days

day

Days

Days

m3/day
 refer assumption

refer assumption

m3/day

m3/day

me of thickening tank

Nos

m3/day

m3/batch

Kg TS/m2/day

m/hr

A= L

Days

m
Kg TS/m2/day

m2

m
m

m2

m3

m3

m3
x W
 Design of Planted Drying Beds

Design data

Daily faecal sludge generation (Qp) / Volume of digested

sludge in the Last chamber of /Anaerobic stabilization tank 10

Initial total solid (TS) concentration of faecal sludge (Ci) 25000

Average temperature (20-30°C) 30

Sludge loading frequency: 6

Sludge loading rate (SLR) : 250

Resting period of bed: 12

Number of Working days in year 312

Design Calculation for Planted Drying Bed

Estimated volume of FS (m3/day) 10

Influent TS (mg/l) 25000

Influent TS load (kg/day) 250

Total TS load in a year (kg/Year) 78000

Assume Frequency of loading into the PDB 2

Allowable TS loading rate in PDB 250

Total required Area of PDB (m2) 312

312

Assume Factor of Safety (10-15%) 10%

Factored Area required (m2) 31.2

Total Area Required 343.2

Area of one bed required (m2) 15.6

16
Mention assumed Length (L), m 4
4.00

Required Breadth (B), m 4

Assumed breadth (B), m 4

Actual Area per bed (m2) 16

Sludge height applied each time of loading (m) 0.625

Targeted design period for each PBD (years) 1

No of application in each bed in targeted no. of years 156

156

Sludge height reduction due to drying and stabilization (70-90%) 90

Total free board needed 9.75

9.75

Expected moisture content in the sludge 30%

TS reduction rate after drying period of each bed 20%

Frequency of loading in each bed (days)

7

Resting period between each loading (days) 7

Total number of beds required 8

Design of Planted Drying Beds

m3/day

mg/l

°C

per week

kg TS/m2/year 100 – 250 kg TS/m2/year (maximum for good climatic conditions)

Days

Days

m3/day

mg/l

kg/day (Volume of FS x influent TS)

kg/year (Influent TS load (kg/day) * No of working days)

consider from the operation parameters (1-3 per week/bed)

kg TS/m2./Year (Assume between 100-250 kg TS/m2./Year)

m2 (Total TS load in a year / allowable TS loading Rate in PSDB)

m2

m2 (Factor of safety * total area required)

m2

m2 (factored area required/ Frequency of Loading per bed)

m
m

m
m

m2

Years (Assume between 1 – 3 years)

Nos

%
(Sludge height reduction % * Sludge height applied)
Assume 90%

m [(No of application in each bed in targeted no of years * Sludge height

applied in loading) * (1- Sludge height reduction%)
m

(30%-50%)

(20-30%)

Dry/arid region - 5 to 6 days

Days Wet/ Humid region – 9-10 days
Very high rainfall - 10-15 days

Days

Nos
 Design of Unplanted Drying Beds

Design data, terminology & Asumption

Given data

1. Daily faecal sludge generation (Qp) / Volume of digested

sludge in the Last chamber of /Anaerobic stabilization tank 10 cum/day

2. Time of operation (h) 0h

3. Initial TS (Total solids) concentration of faecal sludge (Ci) 25000

4. Average temperature (20 - 30°C) 30 °C

6. Sludge loading rate (SLR): 100 – 350 kg TS/m2/year

(maximum for good climatic conditions) 270 kg Ts/sqm/year

7. Assume rainfall data - 0.1 m/month

8. No. of operational days in year 312 days

Daily faecal sludge generation (Qp) / Volume of digested

sludge in the Last chamber of /Anaerobic stabilization tank 10

Chosen depth of the sludge applied on the beds (15-30 cm) 30

Required area for the bed 34

Length to width ratio, k (1-2) 1.5

Width of the bed (m) 5

Initial Moisture content of the sludge (%) 95

Total volume of moisture (m3) 9.5

Desired moisture level of the sludge after drying 30

Residual moisture in the sludge after drying in m3 0.21428571429

Percolation factor (Depends on the filter media, assume 60% - 80%) 75

Moisture loss due to percolation 7.125

Evaporation Rate(m/day) 0.02

Evaporation factor for sludge (Depends on the sludge
characteristics, 60-80%) 60

Evaporation rate per day from each bed 0.408

Rainfall in m/day 0.1

Coefficient of rainfall percolation 70

Time required for drying (days)

(Based on the mass balance) 12

Total Number of beds required 13

Total area provided for SDB 442

Total Annual solids in sludge (Kg TS/ Y) 78000000.00

Sludge loading rate 176470.588235

Design of Unplanted Drying Beds

m3/day

cm

Sqm

cum

cum

%
m/day

m/day

days

Nos

m2

kg TS/Y
s

(if required area exceeds 50 sqm, then split the capacity and given addition
beds)

(From the pilot projects it is found to be in range of 94%-98%)

(30%-35%)

Percolation factor is the ability of water in the sludge to percolate through the
media. It will depend upon the sludge characteristics and the filter media, for
nearly blocked it can be assumed to be 60%
Percolation factor is the ability of water in the sludge to percolate through the
media. It will depend upon the sludge characteristics and the filter media, for
nearly blocked it can be assumed to be 60%

Evaporation factor will vary in accordance with sludge characteristics. For fresh
sludge it can be assumed to be 60%

(Rainfall in m/month)/30

Coefficient of rainfall percolation will depend upon the filter media and shall
be higher than the percolation factor for the free water of sludge.

[Total volume of moisture-Residual mositure in the sludge-mositure loss due

to percolation] / [Evaporation rate per day from each bed-(1-((Coefficient of
rainfall percolation)/100)*Rainfall in m per day]

Time required for drying + 1 (Round off to higher whole number)

Intial TS concentration of faecal sludge* Inflow of FS*Number of operation

days in a year

SLR should be less than 350 or redesign SDB after reducing the depth of sludge
application.