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    Part 10

    Uploaded by

    Kerlos Saeed
    The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving dynamic similitude and modeling. Reynolds number, Froude number, and pressure coefficients are used to determine matching conditions between models and prototypes. Variables like velocity, pressure difference, and force are calculated for both models and full-scale systems based on dimensional analysis and matching non-dimensional parameters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Part 10

    Uploaded by

    Kerlos Saeed
    5 views8 pages
    The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving dynamic similitude and modeling. Reynolds number, Froude number, and pressure coefficients are used to determine matching conditions between models and prototypes. Variables like velocity, pressure difference, and force are calculated for both models and full-scale systems based on dimensional analysis and matching non-dimensional parameters.

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    part 10

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    The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving dynamic similitude and modeling. Reynolds number, Froude number, and pressure coefficients are used to determine matching conditions between models and prototypes. Variables like velocity, pressure difference, and force are calculated for both models and full-scale systems based on dimensional analysis and matching non-dimensional parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views8 pages

    Part 10

    Uploaded by

    Kerlos Saeed
    The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving dynamic similitude and modeling. Reynolds number, Froude number, and pressure coefficients are used to determine matching conditions between models and prototypes. Variables like velocity, pressure difference, and force are calculated for both models and full-scale systems based on dimensional analysis and matching non-dimensional parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Drag force

    µ ¶
    ρV 2
    FD = CD Ap
    2
    (1.2 kg/ m3 ) (0.75 m/ s)2 ¡ ¢
    = (0.3) 0.177 m2
    2
    FD = 17.9 × 10−3 N

    Power

    P = FD V
    ¡ ¢
    = 17.9 × 10−3 N (0.75 m/ s)
    P = 13.4 × 10−3 W

    COMMENTS

    1. The drag force is about 1/50th of a Newton, which is about 1/200th of a lbf.

    2. The power is about 10 milliwatts. The supplied power would need to be higher
    to account for factors such as propeller efficiency and motor efficiency.

    689
    PROBLEM 8.40
    Situation: A 1/1 scale model of a torpedo is being tested in a wind tunnel–additional
    details are provided in the problem statement.
    Find: Air velocity in wind tunnel.

    APPROACH
    Dynamic similarity based on Reynolds number.

    ANALYSIS
    Match the Reynolds number of the model and prototype. This leads to.

    Vair = (10)(1/1)(1.41 × 10−5 /1.31 × 10−6 )


    = 107.6 m/s

    690
    PROBLEM 8.41
    Situation: The problem statement describes flow in a conduit (on earth) to be used
    to characterize a prototype that will be build on the moon.
    Find: Kinematic viscosity of fluid for model on earth.

    APPROACH
    Dynamic similarity based on Reynolds number and Froude number.

    ANALYSIS
    Match Froude number

    Fr = F rearth
    p moon p
    (V / gL)m = (V / gL)e
    Ve /Vm = (ge /gm )0.5 (Le /Lm )0.5
    = (5)0.5 (1)

    Match Reynolds number

    Rem = Ree
    (V L/ν)m = (V L/ν)e
    ν e = (Ve /Vm )ν m = (5)0.5 0.5 × (10−5 ) m2 /s
    ν e = 1.119 × 10−5 m2 /s

    691
    PROBLEM 8.42
    Situation: The problem statement describes a 1/15 scale model of a drying tower.
    Find: Entry velocity of the model fluid (water).

    APPROACH
    Dynamic similarity based on Reynolds number.

    ANALYSIS
    Match Reynolds number

    Rem = Rep
    Vm Lm Vp Lp
    =
    νm νp
    Lp ν m
    Vm = ( )( )Vp
    Lm ν p
    µ ¶
    1 × 10−6
    = (15) (12 m/s)
    4 × 10−5
    Vm = 4.50 m/s

    692
    PROBLEM 8.43
    Situation: A 1/5 scale model is being used to characterize a discharge meter–
    additional details are provided in the problem statement.
    Find:
    a.) Velocity for the prototype.
    b.) Pressure difference for the prototype.

    APPROACH
    Dynamic similarity based on Reynolds number and pressure coefficients.

    ANALYSIS
    Match Reynolds number

    Reprot. = Remodel
    Vprot. = Vmodel (Lmodel /Lprot. )(ν prot. /ν model )
    Vprot. = 1(1/5)(10−5 /10−6 ) = 2.0 m/s

    Match pressure coefficients

    Cp,m = Cp,p
    (∆p/ρV 2 )m = (∆p/ρV 2 )p
    ∆pp = ∆pm (ρp /ρm )(Vp /Vm )2
    = 3.0 × (860/998) × (2.0/1.0)2
    = 10.3 kPa

    693
    PROBLEM 8.44
    Situation: Water flowing through a rough pipe is to be characterized by using air flow
    through the same pipe–additional details are provided in the problem statement.
    Find:
    (a) Air velocity to achieve dynamic similarity.
    (b) Pressure difference for the water flow.

    APPROACH
    Dynamic similitude based on Reynolds number and pressure coefficients.

    ANALYSIS
    Match Reynolds number

    Reair = Rewater
    (V Dρ/µ)air = (V Dρ/µ)water
    Va = Vw (Dw /Da )(ρw /ρa )(µa /µw )
    ρw = 1, 000 kg/m3
    ρ = ρa, std. atm. × (150 kPa/101 kPa)
    = 1.20 × (150/101) = 1.78 kg/m3
    µa = 1.81 × 10−5 N · s/m2
    µw = 1.31 × 10−3 N · s/m2

    Then

    Va = 1.5 m/s (1,000/1.78)(1.81 × 10−5 /1.31 × 10−3 )


    Va =11.6 m/s

    Match pressure coefficients

    Cpw = Cpa
    (∆p/ρV 2 )w = (∆p/ρV 2 )a
    ∆pw = ∆pa (ρw /ρa )(Vw /Va )2
    = 780 × (1, 000/1.78)(1.5/11.6)2
    = 7, 330 Pa = 7.33 kPa

    694
    PROBLEM 8.45
    Situation: A device for a minesweeper (a noisemaker) will be studied by using a
    1/5 scale model in a water tunnel–additional details are provided in the problem
    statement.
    Find:
    (a) Velocity to use in the water tunnel.
    (b) Force that will act on the prototype.

    APPROACH
    Dynamic similarity based on matching Reynolds number and pressure coefficient.

    ANALYSIS
    Match Reynolds number

    Retunnel = Reprototype
    5 ν tunnel
    Vtunnel = Vprot. ( )( )
    1 ν prot.
    5
    Vtunnel = 5( )(1)
    1
    Vtunnel = 25 m/s

    Match pressure coefficients

    Cptu n n el = Cpp ro to ty p e
    µ ¶ µ ¶
    ∆p ∆p
    =
    ρV 2 tunnel ρV 2 prototype
    µ ¶ µ ¶µ 2 ¶
    ∆ptunnel ρtunnel Vtunnel
    = 2
    ∆pprot. ρprot. Vprot.

    Multiply both sides of the equation by Atunnel /Aprot. = L2t /L2p .


    µ ¶ µ 2 ¶ µ ¶2
    (∆p × A)tunnel ρtunnel Vtunnel Lt
    = × 2
    ×
    (∆p × A)prot. ρprot. Vprot. Lp
    Ftunnel 1 1
    = ( )(5)2 ( )2
    Fprot. 1 5
    Ftunnel = Fprot. = 2400 N

    695
    PROBLEM 8.46
    Situation: Air forces on a building are to be characterized by using a 1/100 scale
    model–additional details are provided in the problem statement.
    Find: (a) Density needed for the air in the wind tunnel.
    (b) Force on the full-scale building (prototype).

    ANALYSIS
    Reynolds number

    Rem = Rep
    (ρV L/µ)m = (ρV L/µ)p
    ρm /ρp = (Vp /Vm )(Lp /Lm )(µm /µp )
    = (25/300)(100)(1)
    = 8.33
    ρm = 8.33ρp = 0.020 slugs/ft3

    Fm /Fp = (∆pm /∆pp )(Am /Ap ) (1)

    µ ¶µ ¶
    Cp,m ∆pm ρp Vp2
    =
    Cp,p ρm Vm2 ∆pp
    µ ¶µ ¶µ 2¶
    ∆pm ρp Vp
    1 =
    ∆pp ρm Vm2
    µ ¶µ ¶µ ¶2
    ∆pm 1 25
    =
    ∆pp 8.33 300

    Then
    ∆pm /∆pp = 1, 200 (2)
    solve Eqs. (1) and (2) for Fm /Fp

    Fm /Fp = 1, 000Am /Ap


    = 1200(1/104 ) = 0.12
    Fm
    Fp =
    0.12
    = 417 lbf

    696

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