EM2 2023fall Note11
EM2 2023fall Note11
EM2 2023fall Note11
Prof. Seung-Ho Yu
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Email: seunghoyu@korea.ac.kr
Office: Innovation Hall 705A
9.5 Curves. Arc Length. Curvature. Torsion
⑧
Length of a curve
如)
then
i. Alt) -
대비 g町 ,
a 廷邰
Length of curve
.li
Hit at ( N' =
땙)
item *
if 메야 ( 利拙 卜竹 一壬 b
一仕 11시에 dt
iii.
ㅷ꼐g삐채河 dt
i 11에게
dttelocityva.hr .
9.5 Curves. Arc Length. Curvature. Torsion
⑧
Fill variable)
set) =
I Tim (ㆇ 땺)
@ Linear Element de ( 서소)
駟懸 派峨 堪肝 徵慟
dir
dy.dz/=dxitdyjtdzIkd5=dlr.dr=ohEtdy2tdE
=
I에 ,
9.5 Curves. Arc Length. Curvature. Torsion
▪ Ex6. Circular Helix. Circle. Arc Length as Parameter
' 의식
asparameter.at
I 사이얧
벤) a cost as int ,
)
=
c
,
,
)
iii.TT da =
i 1 in11 du =
i k du =
( Kali = Kt
筠乷
미비 Gas int 이
=
a cost
刊派
淵花
, ,
"
뺳i얎삾簽
∴ 가 뺘 laost.asimt.at) ⇒ 미야 Iaas.am f 옷 ) ,
* circle .
NA) = [ acost.as.my
E0
K a.EE [ acosf.as.mil
=
,
⇒ ACS) =
9.5 Curves. Arc Length. Curvature. Torsion
Curve Mechanism
@ in
Velocity ,
Accelerator
on
tra
rm vector
position
:
⇒
心川 =
H' 1t)
산의 vector
any .
⇒
쌰)
派艸 城艸 if
I
Speed .
⇒ a 1t)
'
N ( t) N1t)
=
=
Taleration vector ,
ㅋ
a뺘 Ia뺘 1매매 ㅖ 呱州
A
Accelerator
9.5 Curves. Arc Length. Curvature. Torsion
▪ Ex7. Centripetal Acceleration. Centrifugal Force
fi .tl 에비.8미터
"
먀[ Riot.am ,
RGswtitRsmwtj.at) 5.1Nt)
-
- -
(
'
9entripetalaaelerat.in .
( 구심가속도 )
W1t) 미t)
EWRsmwt.wka.su )
=
l Fma .
대 弧艸 .이nineR2st
in , intnpe.tl Ga .
떞i쐈낪 ikrsmi.at?i.wR 1 -
ma . ; write tre .
w.
1-5 Rent
I
at)
Ia1t
.
,
-
나Nine에
.la 艸二 int'
)
their to4R훼한
'
ER
1
ftp.siiwtt-iR
=
.
9.7 Gradient of a Scalar Field. Directional Derivative
세 .gg)
(
⑧ gradient
.
gradf.fi噫哥
趙纖
.
劃浩.it 諭瀛:
7세 .im
l
.it.it//-ig
ftp..net
썞앖왦쌾썂
아 tax is
⇒쁘
m.
l
기
•
rate
at a
of Change of
Point p
in
a function
He di ration of
B
,
a vector
1
.
: Direction at
derivative ( 방향도함수)
Z. .
應.琡
.
at
pinthedi.mil Point
a
/gF
'
Dot
二蘭
adf.nl a.gr of gas I
⇒쓰
아 .
I
(
1
1
9.7 Gradient of a Scalar Field. Directional Derivative
▪ Ex1. Gradient. Directional Derivative
Find the directional derivative of 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 at 𝑃: (2,1,3) in the direction of a = [1,0,-2].
B
ga 許卜 아리 II.0
= =
一訂
-
∴ 咐二 lb.gradf
I I I
二指 .
이 一訂 14기 행 2리
.
, ,
(言 ,
o
, 一訂 [ 8,6 이
.
,
a
p
言 ( 8 to H
靑涅
=
1.789
-
The min as
Sign Indian that at
p te function f
IS deer in He di ration of a
using .
9.7 Gradient of a Scalar Field. Directional Derivative
⑧ Gradient as Surface Normal Vector
.gr
adf.sn
뻂E떖恐凄 折挑
ethnic
curve S
on
Through a
Point P .
C :
IND =
데비 ye ) 티비 )
, .
Wet) 폐비 '
바다에
=
y
f네내
,
비비
.
,
Z베다
'
( ga d f ) A
gradfisorthgonaltdlvertrsi hthetangentplane.io
. = 0
.
⇒
Normal vector
of S at P .
:
g nad f .
9.7 Gradient of a Scalar Field. Directional Derivative
▪ Ex2. Gradient as Surface Normal Vector. Cone
Find a unit normal vector 𝐧 of the cone of revolution 𝑧 2 = 4(𝑥 2 + y 2 ) at the point 𝑃: (1,0,2).
fnl.ve ) =
4세루에 -
E
g nad f =
( 8기 ,
8g ,
-
2Z
] Grand f (p ) =
[8,0>-4]
,
M
崧抑igr.cl 抑二 苽山 [8,9-4]
=
言[ )
=
2 Oil
,
二信 .
이
-
訂
9.7 Gradient of a Scalar Field. Directional Derivative
Vector
(
" "
• Fields That Are Gradients of Solar Fields potentials )
W = fnc.ge )
fy.fi/DfhiJ.z
w (기 ) of
y z
[옧
= =
, ,
)
potential function potat.ie ( 포텐셜함수아 포터썰 )
:
or
wk.biz ) II, Q R
Y.ZD@divergence.div
=
네 .
g .
z ) N. (기 . Y .
Z ) N3 (기 ,
,
,
心二
in 챫
曺一一
t
묘 t
Qy t Rz
읊p t
즓 Q t
즕R .
[ 윿 涓勖 T.pe
門二
.
T.ir
⇒ dir W =
dir ( of )
=
dir
( [ 옧 fy.fi )
웨
tfggtfzz.tt
=
: Olivergene of gradient
The is
thelaplac.im
.
.
9.8 Divergence of a Vector Field
▪ Ex. Divergence of a Vector Function
𝒗 = 3𝑥𝑧, 2𝑥𝑦, −𝑦𝑧 2 = 3𝑥𝑧𝐢 + 2𝑥𝑦𝐣 − 𝑦𝑧 2 𝐤. div 𝒗 = ?
dir 7 3Z + 자
yzgwdoscdarfidd-svectorfidd.d.US
=
r W 2
-
. =
) Vector held .
9.9 Curl of a Vector Field
( ) [U V2
trlk.ane.rs
W 기 Y. .
Z =
, ,
V3 ] =
V.it V2)
陰舅創 1 M V2 V,
읎
이
嬖e攣
한 남 Y 날
( 쯟 一劃 .it 詣一 蔡小埼 雩狂
9.9 Curl of a Vector Field
▪ Ex1. Curl of a Vector Function
𝒗 = 𝑦𝑧, 3𝑧𝑥, 𝑧 = 𝑦𝑧𝐢 + 3𝑧𝑥𝐣 + 𝑧𝐤. Curl 𝒗 = ?
www.sxw
즚 즓 릍 즋 즓
yt 3in ztyzgzx
10
=
제
y )
-
,
-
0
,
3-2 -
Z
E3기 2리
=
, Y .
9.9 Curl of a Vector Field
⑧ Gerard ,
Dir ,
Carl .
later
Part1g빠I @div1are.r ) = 0
.
)
Bdivcf
.
해의 潞淏 曺搔巽 測) .
Proof ①
1 are (H )
윿 閨消 埼閨 都壻隧
are ( 境淸 삃)
=
勖二
=
氷臨 敷劃
'
큯 詐弱
1
=
0 .
x. .
즧 譴競 .
溫暾識 .
訃訃 誰暇 暾識 !
=
I o
,
0
,
이 = 0
1
l.