INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Department Electronics and Communication Engineering

Course Title Antennas and wave propagation
Course Code AECC18
Program B.Tech
Semester V
Course Type Core
Regulation UG-20
Theory Practical
Course Structure Lecture Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits
3 1 4
Course Coordinator Mrs. R Venkata Sravya, Assistant Professor

I COURSE OVERVIEW:
Antennas are devices used to transform an RF signal, travelling on a conductor, into electromagnetic
waves in free space.This course will cover the fundamentals of antenna, radiation phenomenon, types
of antennas, antenna arrays, antenna measurements and wave propagation (influence of earth’s
atmosphere on radio waves). Antennas had wide range of application in government and commercial
fields and able to design the antennas like wire antennas, aperture antennas, reflector antennas,
lens antennas, micro strip antennas, and smart antennas.

II COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites

B.Tech AECC11 IV Electromagnetic waves and
transmission lines

III MARKS DISTRIBUTION:

Subject SEE Examination CIE Examination Total Marks

Antennas and Wave 70 Marks 30 Marks 100
Propagation
IV DELIVERY / INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
Power Point Chalk & Talk Ö Assignments Ö MOOCs
✓ Presentations ✓
Ö Open Ended Ö Tech talk Ö Mini Project Ö Videos
Experiments
Ö Others

V EVALUATION METHODOLOGY:
The course will be evaluated for a total of 100 marks, with 30 marks for Continuous Internal
Assessment (CIA) and 70 marks for Semester End Examination (SEE). Out of 30 marks allotted
for CIA during the semester, marks are awarded by taking average of two CIA examinations or the
marks scored in the make-up examination.
Semester End Examination (SEE): The SEE is conducted for 70 marks of 3 hours duration.
The syllabus for the theory courses is divided into five modules and each module carries equal
weightage in terms of marks distribution. The question paper pattern is as follows. Two full
questions with ”either” or ”choice” will be drawn from each module. Each question carries 14
marks. There could be a maximum of two sub divisions in a question.
The expected percentage of cognitive level of the questions is broadly based on the criteria given
in below table.

Percentage of Cognitive Level Blooms Taxonomy Level

0% Remember
33.33 % Understand
33.33 % Apply
33.33 % Analyze
0% Evaluate
0% Create

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

CIA is conducted for a total of 30 marks, with 20 marks for Continuous Internal Examination
(CIE) and 10 marks for Quiz / Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT).

Component Theory
Total Marks
Type of Assessment CIE Exam AAT
CIA Marks 20 10 30

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Continuous Internal Examination (CIE):
Two CIE exams shall be conducted at the end of the 8th and 16th week of the semester respectively.
The CIE exam is conducted for 20 marks of 2 hours duration consisting of five descriptive type
questions out of which four questions have to be answered where, each question carries 5 marks.
Marks are awarded by taking average of marks scored in two CIE exams
Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT):
This AAT enables faculty to design own assessment patterns during the CIA. The AAT converts the
classroom into an effective learning center. The AAT may include tutorial hours/classes, seminars,
assignments, term paper, open ended experiments, METE (Modeling and Experimental Tools in
Engineering), five minutes video, MOOCs etc. The AAT chosen for this course is given in table 3.
Table 3: Assessment pattern for AAT
AAT Tech-talk Open Ended Experiment
50% 50% 0%

VI COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The students will try to learn:

I Principles of radiation, antenna parameters and working principle of VHF, UHF

and microwave antennas used in communications, broad casting, radar, navigation
and similar systems.
II Antenna types and common structures, measurement of antenna characteristics
and application of antennas over the radio frequency (RF) to micro wave (MW)
frequency range.
III The applications of smart, wideband and ultra wideband antennas for wireless
communications, satellite communication, and radar systems.

VII COURSE OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students should be able to:

CO 1 Illustrate the radiation mechanism in wire antennas and Understand

retarded potentials using Maxwell’s equations.
CO 2 Interpret the radiation characteristics of yagi-uda, horn and Understand
helical antennas using radiation pattern in far field region.
CO3 Analyze the radiation characteristics of micro strip and micro Analyze
wave antennas using electric and magnetic field distribution.
CO 4 Identify the radiation patterns of arrays using principle of Apply
multiplication pattern.
CO 5 Examine the performance of antennas using the radiation Analyze
pattern, directivity and gain.
CO 6 Select the modes of wave propagation in the atmosphere at Apply
micro wave frequencies using refraction and reflection concepts.

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COURSE KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCY LEVEL

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VIII PROGRAM OUTCOMES:

Program Outcomes
PO 1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
PO 2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO 3 Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex Engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and Environmental considerations
PO 4 Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
PO 5 Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern Engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling
to complex Engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations
PO 6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

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 Program Outcomes
PO 7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO 8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO 9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO 10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities
with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO 11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to
one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO 12 Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for and having the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change

IX HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Outcomes Strength Proficiency
Assessed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of 3 SEE / CIE /
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and AAT
an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review 3 SEE / CIE /
research literature, and analyze complex engineering AAT
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using
first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design 2 SEE / CIE /
solutions for complex engineering problems and AAT
design system components or processes that meet the
specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal,
and environmental considerations.

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 PO 10 Communicate effectively on complex engineering 1 AAT
activities with the engineering community and with
society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and
give and receive clear instructions. .
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

X HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Specific Outcomes Strength Proficiency
Assessed by
PSO 3 Make use of High Frequency Structure Simulator 2 –
(HFSS) for modeling and evaluating the patch and
smart antennas for wired and wireless
communication applications.
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

XI MAPPING OF EACH CO WITH PO(s),PSO(s):

COURSE PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSO’S
OUTCOMES PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO 1 ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 2 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 3 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - - - - - ✓
CO 4 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - - - - - ✓
CO 5 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - -
CO 6 ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - -

XII JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING -DIRECT:

Course PO’S No. of Key
Justification for mapping (Students will be able to)
Outcomes PSO’S Competencies

CO 1 PO 1 Understand the basic parameters of an antenna by applying the 3

mathematical principles and own engineering discipline.
PO 2 Identify and formulate the retarded potentials in radiation fields 5
and analyze the (potentials) complex engineering problems us-
ing principles of mathematics and engineering science.
CO 2 PO 1 Understand the radiation pattern of Yagi-uda, horn and helical an- 2
tennas in far field region by scientific principles and methodol-
ogy

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 PO 2 Identify the given problem in direction finding and formulate field 7
components of wire antennas using experimental design from the
provided information and data collection in reaching substan-
tiated conclusions by the interpretation of results into a new
model translation and validation
PO 3 Investigate constraints of VHF antennas and design solutions 5
for complex engineering problems in Yagi-uda and helical an-
tenna, understand customer needs that meet the specified needs
for the public health to promote sustainable development
CO 3 PO 1 Analyze the radiation properties of micro strip antennas using 2
mathematical principles and own engineering discipline. .
PO 2 Identify the given problem in direction finding and formulate field 7
components of wire antennas using experimental design from the
provided information and data collection in reaching substan-
tiated conclusions by the interpretation of results into a new
model translation and validation
PO 3 Investigate and define radiation problems in parabolic anten- 5
nas and identify constraints including environmental, health and
safety understand customer and user needs and the importance
of considerations, use creativity to establish innovative solutions
in dipole antennas design, manage the design process of dipole
antennas and evaluate outcomes.
PSO 3 Explore and control VHF, UHF antennas using High Frequency 4
Structure Simulator (HFSS) and explicit software tools for antenna
design to meet requirements of global environment.
CO 4 PO 1 Illustrate the multiplication of radiation patterns by understanding 3
the knowledge in solving (complex) engineering problems related to
antenna arrays by applying scientific, mathematical principles
and own engineering discipline.
PO 2 Identify the problems in antenna measurements and formulate field 7
components of arrays using experimental design from the pro-
vided information and data collection in reaching substanti-
ated conclusions by the interpretation of results into a new
model translation and validation
PO 3 Investigate and define radiation problems in parabolic anten- 5
nas and identify constraints including environmental, health and
safety understand customer and user needs and the importance
of considerations, use creativity to establish innovative solutions
in dipole antennas design, manage the design process of dipole
antennas and evaluate outcomes.
PSO 3 Explore and control smart antennas using High Frequency Struc- 4
ture Simulator (HFSS) and explicit software tools for antenna design
to meet requirements of global environment.

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 CO 5 PO 1 Understand engineering fundamentals of antennas and apply 2
the knowledge to find the performance of antennas by measuring
the parameters
PO 2 Identify the problems in antenna measurements and formulate field 7
components of arrays using experimental design from the pro-
vided information and data collection in reaching substanti-
ated conclusions by the interpretation of results into a new
model translation and validation
PO 3 Understand the user needs of antennas for working,identify the 5
cost limitations for the selection of parameters, use creativity in
producing new antenna designs for innovative solutions and man-
age the design process of antennas and evaluate outcomes
PO 10 Communicate orally on the performance of antennas and write 2
effective reports on characteristics of antennas
CO 6 PO 1 Understand the modes of wave propagation through the earth’s 3
atmosphere by applying the scientific, mathematical principles
and own engineering discipline
PO 2 Identify the problems in atmospheric layers and formulate VHF 7
antennas using experimental design from the provided informa-
tion and data collection in reaching substantiated conclusions
by the interpretation of results into a new model translation
and validation
PO 10 Communicate effectively on the modes of wave propagation and 2
write effective reports on parameters of wave propagation.

Note: For Key Attributes refer Annexure - I

XIII TOTAL COUNT OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO)
MAPPING:
COURSE PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSO’S
OUTCOMES PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 8 5 11 7
CO 1 3 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 2 2 7 5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 3 2 7 5 - - - - - - - - - - - 4
CO 4 2 7 5 - - - - - - - - - - - 4
CO 5 2 7 5 - - - - - - 2 - - - - -
CO 6 3 5 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - -

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XIV PERCENTAGE OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO):
COURSE PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSO’S
OUTCOMES PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 8 5 11 7
CO 1 100 50 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 2 66.6 70 50 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 3 66.6 70 50 - - - - - - - - - - - 57
CO 4 66.6 70 50 - - - - - - - - - - 57
CO 5 66.6 70 50 - - - - - - 40 - - - - -
CO 6 100 50 - - - - - - - 40 - - - -

XV COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX (PO – PSO MAPPING):

CO’S and PO’S and CO’S and PSO’S on the scale of 0 to 3, 0 being no correlation, 1 being the
low correlation, 2 being medium correlation and 3 being high correlation.
0 - 0≤ C≤ 5% – No correlation
1 - 5% <C≤ 40% – Low/ Slight
2 - 40 % <C < 60% –Moderate
3 - 60% ≤ C < 100% – Substantial /High

COURSE PROGRAM OUTCOMES PSO’S

OUTCOMES PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 8 5 11 7
CO 1 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 2 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 2
CO 4 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2
CO 5 3 3 2 - - - - - - 1 - - - - -
CO 6 3 2 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - -
TOTAL 18 16 8 - - - - - - 2 - - - - 4
AVERAGE 3.0 2.6 2.0 - - - - - - 1.0 - - - - 2.0

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XVI ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY DIRECT:
CIE Exams ✓ SEE Exams ✓ Assignments ✓
Quiz ✓ Tech - Talk ✓ Certification -
Term Paper - Seminars - Student Viva -
Laboratory - 5 Minutes ✓ Open Ended ✓
Practices Video / Experiments
Concept Video
Micro Projects - - - - -

XVII ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY INDIRECT:

✓ Early Semester Feedback ✓ End Semester OBE Feedback
✓ Assessment of activities / Modeling and Experimental Tools in Engineering by Experts

XVIII SYLLABUS:
MODULE I ANTENNA BASICS
Antenna fundamentals: Introduction, basic antenna parameters-patterns,
beam area, radiation intensity, beam efficiency, directivity-gain-resolution,
antenna apertures, effective height, illustrative problems, fields from oscillating
dipole, field zones, front-to-back ratio, antenna theorems, radiation, retarded
potentials, radiation from small electric dipole, quarter wave monopole and
half wave dipole, current distributions, field components, radiated power,
radiation resistance, loop antennas- introduction, small circular loop,
comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole.
MODULE II VHF,UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS-I
Arrays with parasitic elements, Yagi-uda array, folded dipoles and their
characteristics, helical antennas-helical geometry, helix modes, practical design
considerations for monofilar helical antenna in axial and normal modes, horn
antennas- types, Fermat’s principle, optimum horns, design considerations of
pyramidal horns, illustrative problems.
MODULE III VHF,UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS-II
Micro strip Antennas-Introduction, basic characteristics of micro strip
antennas, feeding methods, method of analysis, rectangular and circular micro
strip antennas, basic concepts of Smart antennas, concepts and benefits of
smart antennas, fixed weight beam forming, adaptive beam forming.
Reflector Antennas- Introduction, paraboloidal reflectors- geometry, pattern
characteristics, feed methods lens antennas: introduction, geometry of
non-metallic dielectric lenses, zoning, tolerances, applications, slot antenna,
Babinet’s principle, applications.
MODULE IV ANTENNA ARRAYS AND MEASUREMENTS

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 Antenna Arrays: Point sources- definition, patterns, arrays of 2 isotropic
sources – different cases, principle of pattern multiplication, uniform linear
arrays- broadside arrays, end-fire arrays, EFA with increased directivity,
derivation of their characteristics and comparison, BSAs with Non-uniform
amplitude distributions, general considerations and binomial arrays,
illustrative problems Antenna Measurements: Introduction, concepts –
Reciprocity, near and far fields, coordinate system, sources of errors patterns
to be measured, pattern measurement arrangement directivity measurement,
gain measurements (by Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna methods)
MODULE V RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
Wave Propagation - I: Introduction, definitions, categorizations ,different
Modes of Wave Propagation; Ground wave propagation: Introduction, plane
earth reflections, , wave tilt, curved earth reflections; Space wave propagation:
Introduction, field strength variation with distance and height, effect of earth’s
curvature, absorption, super refraction, M-curves, duct propagation, scattering
phenomena, tropospheric propagation, fading and path loss calculations; Wave
propagation – II: Sky wave propagation: Introduction, structure of ionosphere,
refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere; ray path, critical
frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, virtual height and skip distance; relation between
MUF and skip distance; multi-hop propagation

TEXTBOOKS

1. John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka, Ahmad S. Khan, “Antennas and Wave Propagation”,
TMH, 4th Edition, 2010.

2. C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory”, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition, 2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. E.C. Jordan, K.G. Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, PHI, 2nd
Edition, 2000.

2. E.V.D. Glazier, H.R.L. Lamont, “Transmission and Propagation”, Her Majesty’s Stationery
Office, 1958.

3. F.E. Terman, “Electronic and Radio Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 1955.

4. K.D. Prasad, SatyaPrakashan, “Antennas and Wave Propagation”, Tech India Publications,
1st Edition, 2001.

WEB REFERENCES:
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117/107/117107035/

COURSE WEB PAGE:

1. https://lms.iare.ac.in/index?route=course/details &course id=181

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XIX COURSE PLAN:
The course plan is meant as a guideline. Probably there may be changes.

S.No Topics to be covered CO’s Reference

OBE DISCUSSION
1 Course Description on Outcome Based Education -
(OBE): Course Objectives, Course Outcomes (CO),
Program Outcomes (PO) and CO-PO Mapping.
CONTENT DELIVERY (THEORY)
2 Antenna fundamentals: introduction CO 1 T1: 2.1
3 Basic antenna parameters-patterns, beam area, CO 1 T1: 2.2-2.8
radiation intensity, beam efficiency,
directivity-gain-resolution
4 Antenna apertures, effective height, fields from CO 1 T1: 2.9-2.10,
oscillating dipole 2.12
6 Field zones, front-to-back ratio, antenna theorems CO 1 T1:2.13,21,22
7 Radiation, retarded potentials CO 1 T1: 4.1-4.2
8 Radiation from small electric dipole using HFSS CO 1 T1: 4.3
software
9 Quarter wave monopole and half wave dipole, current CO 1 T1: 6.5
distributions, field components
11 Radiated power, radiation resistance in HFSS CO 1 T1: 6.6 R2-8.1
software
13 Loop Antennas- introduction, small circular loop, CO 1 T1: 7.1-7.3
comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole
14 Arrays with parasitic elements, Yagi -uda array CO 2 T1: 8.6
16 Folded dipoles and their characteristics CO 2 T1: 8.7
17 Helical antennas-helical geometry, helix modes CO 2 T1: 8.1-8.4
18 Practical design considerations for mono-filar helical CO 2 T1: 8.5-8.9
antenna in axial and normal modes, horn antennas-
types
20 Fermat’s principle, optimum horns, design CO 2 T1: 8.9-8.12
considerations of pyramidal horns
22 Micro strip antennas-introduction, basic CO 3 T1: 14.1-14.4
characteristics of micro strip antennas
23 Feeding methods, methods of analysis, rectangular CO 3 T1: 14.5-14.6
and circular micro strip antennas using HFSS
software
24 Basic concepts of smart antennas, concepts and CO 3 T1: 14.8
benefits of smart antennas, fixed weight beam
forming, adaptive beam forming

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25 Reflector Antennas- introduction CO 3 T1: 9.1-9.3
26 Paraboloidal reflectors- geometry, pattern CO 3 T1: 9.4-9.10
characteristics, feed methods
28 Lens antennas: introduction, geometry of CO 3 T1: 10.1-10.3
non-metallic dielectric lenses, zoning, tolerances,
applications
30 Slot antenna, Babinet’s principle, applications. CO 3 T1: 10.4-10.6
31 Antenna arrays: point sources- definition, patterns CO 4 R3: 7.1
32 Arrays of 2 isotropic sources – different cases CO 4 R3: 7.2-7.3
33 Principle of pattern multiplication, uniform linear CO 4 T1: 5.10-5.11
arrays- broadside arrays
36 End-fire arrays, EFA with increased directivity, CO 4 T1: 5.13
derivation of their characteristics and comparison
38 BSAs with non-uniform amplitude distributions, CO 4 T1: 5.15
general considerations and binomial arrays
39 Antenna measurements: introduction, concepts CO 5 T1: 21.1-21.2
–Reciprocity, near and far fields, coordinate system,
sources of errors
40 Errors patterns to be measured, pattern CO 5 T1: 21.3, 21.5
measurement arrangement, directivity measurement
41 Gain measurements (by comparison, absolute and CO 5 T1: 21.5
3-antenna methods)
42 Wave propagation - I: introduction, definitions, CO 6 R3:11.1-11.3
categorizations, different modes of wave propagation
43 Ground wave propagation: Introduction, plane earth CO 6 R3:11.4
reflections
44 Wave tilt, curved earth reflections CO 6 R3:11.5
45 Space wave propagation: introduction CO 6 R3:11.19
46 Field strength variation with distance and height CO 6 R3:11.19
48 Effect of earth’s curvature, absorption, super CO 6 R4:11.41
refraction, M-curves
49 Duct propagation, scattering phenomena CO 6 R4:11.31
50 Tropospheric propagation, fading and path loss CO 6 R4:11.32-33
calculations
51 Wave propagation – II: sky wave propagation: CO 6 R4:11.34
introduction, structure of ionosphere
52 Refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere CO 6 R4:11.34
53 Ray path, critical frequency CO 6 R4:11.35
55 MUF, virtual height and skip distance CO 6 R4:11.36
58 Relation between MUF and skip distance CO 6 R4:11.37

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59 LUF, OF, multi-hop propagation CO 6 R4:11.38
PROBLEM SOLVING/ CASE STUDIES
5 Problems on effective aperture CO 1 T1: 2.9-2.10
10 Problems on power radiated by half wave dipole CO 1 T1:6.5
12 Problems on radiation resistance and radiated power CO 1 T1:6.6
15 Problems on Yagi- uda antenna CO 2 T1: 8.6
19 Problems on helical antenna CO 2 T1:8.1-8.4
21 Problems on horn antenna CO 2 T1: 9.4-9.10
27 Problems on parabolic reflector CO 3 T1: 9.4-9.10
29 Problems on lens antenna CO 3 T1: 10.1-10.3
34 Problems on multiplication pattern CO 4 T1: 5.10-5.11
35 Problems on broadside array CO 4 T1: 5.12
37 Problems on end fire array CO 4 T1: 5.13
47 Problems on field strength CO 6 R4:11.36
54 Problems on critical frequency CO 6 R4:11.36
56 Problems on maximum usable frequency CO 6 R4:11.36
57 Problems on skip distance CO 6 R4:11.36
DISCUSSION ON DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY
60 Definitions on antenna parameters CO 1 T1: 2.2-2.8
61 Definitions on basic antennas CO 2 T1: 7.1-7.3
62 Definitions on array antennas CO 4 R4:11.1-11.3
63 Definitions on measurements of antenna CO 5 T1: 2.9-2.10
64 Definitions on modes of radio wave propagation CO 6 R4:11.7
DISCUSSION ON QUESTION BANK
65 Radiation intensity and half wave dipole antenna CO 1 T1: 2.1-2.22,
T1:4.1-4.3,
T1:6.5-7.3
66 Helical and horn antenna CO 2 T1:8.1 - 8.12
67 Microstrip and smart antennas CO 3 T1: 14.1-14.6,
T1:14.8,
T1:9.1-9.10

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 68 Array and measurements CO 4 T1:10.1-10.6,
R3:7.1-7.3,
T1:21.1-21.6
69 Space wave and ionospheric propagations CO 5, CO R3:11.1-11.38
6

Signature of Course Coordinator HOD,ECE

Mrs. R Venkata Sravya, Assistant Professor.

Page 15
 ANNEXURE - I
KEY ATTRIBUTES FOR ASSESSING PROGRAM OUTCOMES

PO NBA Statement / Key Competencies Features No. of

Number (KCF) KCF’s
PO 1 Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, Engineer- 3
ing fundamentals, and an Engineering specialization to the
solution of complex Engineering problems (Engineering
Knowledge).
Knowledge, understanding and application of
1. Scientific principles and methodology.
2. Mathematical principles.
3. Own and / or other engineering disciplines to integrate /
support study of their own engineering discipline.
PO 2 Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse 10
complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated con-
clusions using first principles of mathematics natural sci-
ences, and Engineering sciences (Problem Analysis).
1. Problem or opportunity identification
2. Problem statement and system definition
3. Problem formulation and abstraction
4. Information and data collection
5. Model translation
6. Validation
7. Experimental design
8. Solution development or experimentation / Implementa-
tion
9. Interpretation of results
10. Documentation

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PO 3 Design solutions for complex Engineering problems and de- 10
sign system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health
and safety, and the cultural, societal, and Environmental
considerations (Design/Development of Solutions).
1. Investigate and define a problem and identify con-
straints including environmental and sustainability limita-
tions, health and safety and risk assessment issues
2. Understand customer and user needs and the importance
of considerations such as aesthetics
3. Identify and manage cost drivers
4. Use creativity to establish innovative solutions
5. Ensure fitness for purpose for all aspects of the problem
including production, operation, maintenance and disposal
6. Manage the design process and evaluate outcomes.
7. Knowledge and understanding of commercial and eco-
nomic context of engineering processes
8. Knowledge of management techniques which may be used
to achieve engineering objectives within that context
9. Understanding of the requirement for engineering activi-
ties to promote sustainable development
10. Awareness of the framework of relevant legal require-
ments governing engineering activities, including personnel,
health, safety, and risk (including environmental risk) issues

Page 17
PO 4. Use research-based knowledge and research methods includ- 11
ing design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid con-
clusions (Conduct Investigations of Complex Prob-
lems).
1. Knowledge of characteristics of particular materials,
equipment, processes, or products
2. Workshop and laboratory skills
3. Understanding of contexts in which engineering knowl-
edge can be applied (example, operations and management,
technology development, etc.)
4. Understanding use of technical literature and other infor-
mation sources Awareness of nature of intellectual property
and contractual issues
5. Understanding of appropriate codes of practice and in-
dustry standards
6. Awareness of quality issues
7. Ability to work with technical uncertainty
8. Understanding of engineering principles and the ability
to apply them to analyse key engineering processes
9. Ability to identify, classify and describe the performance
of systems and components through the use of analytical
methods and modeling techniques
10. Ability to apply quantitative methods and computer
software relevant to their engineering discipline, in order to
solve engineering problems
11. Understanding of and ability to apply a systems ap-
proach to engineering problems.
PO 5 Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, 1
and modern Engineering and IT tools including prediction
and modelling to complex Engineering activities with an un-
derstanding of the limitations (Modern Tool Usage).
1. Computer software / simulation packages / diagnostic
equipment / technical library resources / literature search
tools.

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PO 6 Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to 5
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and
the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice (The Engineer and Society).
1. Knowledge and understanding of commercial and eco-
nomic context of engineering processes
2. Knowledge of management techniques which may be used
to achieve engineering objectives within that context
3. Understanding of the requirement for engineering activi-
ties to promote sustainable development
4. Awareness of the framework of relevant legal require-
ments governing engineering activities, including personnel,
health, safety, and risk (including environmental risk) issues
5. Understanding of the need for a high level of professional
and ethical conduct in engineering.
PO 7 Understand the impact of the professional Engineering so- 3
lutions in societal and Environmental contexts, and demon-
strate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable develop-
ment (Environment and Sustainability).
Impact of the professional Engineering solutions (Not tech-
nical)
1. Socio economic
2. Political
3. Environmental
PO 8 Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics 3
and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice
(Ethics).
1. Comprises four components: ability to make informed
ethical choices, knowledge of professional codes of ethics,
evaluates the ethical dimensions of professional practice, and
demonstrates ethical behavior.
2. Stood up for what they believed in
3. High degree of trust and integrity

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PO 9 Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or 12
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings
(Individual and Teamwork).
1. Independence
2. Maturity – requiring only the achievement of goals to
drive their performance
3. Self-direction (take a vaguely defined problem and sys-
tematically work to resolution)
4. Teams are used during the classroom periods, in the
hands-on labs, and in the design projects.
5. Some teams change for eight-week industry oriented Mini-
Project, and for the seventeen -week design project.
6. Instruction on effective teamwork and project manage-
ment is provided along with an appropriate textbook for
reference
7. Teamwork is important not only for helping the students
know their classmates but also in completing assignments.
8. Students also are responsible for evaluating each other’s
performance, which is then reflected in the final grade.
9. Subjective evidence from senior students shows that the
friendships and teamwork extends into the Junior years, and
for some of those students, the friendships continue into the
workplace after graduation
10. Ability to work with all levels of people in an organiza-
tion
11. Ability to get along with others
12. Demonstrated ability to work well with a team
PO 10 Communicate effectively on complex Engineering activities 5
with the Engineering community and with society at large,
such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports
and design documentation, make effective presentations, and
give and receive clear instructions (Communication).
”Students should demonstrate the ability to communicate
effectively in writing / Orally”
1. Clarity (Writing)
2. Grammar/Punctuation (Writing)
3. References (Writing)
4. Speaking Style (Oral)
5. Subject Matter (Oral)

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PO11 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the Engineer- 12
ing and management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects
and in multidisciplinary Environments (Project Manage-
ment and Finance).
1. Scope Statement
2. Critical Success Factors
3. Deliverables
4. Work Breakdown Structure
5. Schedule
6. Budget
7. Quality
8. Human Resources Plan
9. Stakeholder List
10. Communication
11. Risk Register
12. Procurement Plan
PO12 Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability 8
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broad-
est context of technological change (Life - Long Learn-
ing).
1. Project management professional certification / MBA
2. Begin work on advanced degree
3. Keeping current in CSE and advanced engineering con-
cepts
4. Personal continuing education efforts
5. Ongoing learning – stays up with industry trends/ new
technology
6. Continued personal development
7. Have learned at least 2-3 new significant skills
8. Have taken up to 80 hours (2 weeks) training per year

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 ANNEXURE - II
Key Competencies for Assessing Program Specific Outcomes

PSO NBA Statement / NBA statement / Vital features No. of

Number vitalfeatures
PSO 1 Build skills to develop software applications in specialized 5
areas of Computer Science and Engineering such as Artifi-
cial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Science, Web De-
velopment, Gaming, Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality
(AR/VR).
PSO 2 Focus on exploring supervised, unsupervised and reinforce- 11
ment learning and apply them to a range of AI problems.
PSO 3 Make use of AI and ML techniques for industrial applica- 7
tions in the areas of Autonomous Systems, IOT, Cloud Com-
puting, Robotics, Natural Language Processing and emerg-
ing areas.

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