PMT

Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2007

GCE

GCE Mathematics

Mechanics M2 (6678)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
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June 2007
6678 Mechanics M2
Mark Scheme
General:
For M marks, correct number of terms, dimensionally correct, all terms that need resolving are resolved.
Omission of g from a resolution is an accuracy error, not a method error.
Omission of mass from a resolution is a method error.
Omission of a length from a moments equation is a method error.
Where there is only one method mark for a question or part of a question, this is for a complete method.
Omission of units is not (usually) counted as an error.
When resolving, condone sin/cos confusion for M1, but M0 for tan or dividing by sin/cos.

Question Scheme Marks

Number
1 Force exerted = 444/6 (= 74 N) B1

R + 90g sin α = 444/6 M1 A1

⇒ R = 32 N A1

(4)
B1 444/6 seen or implied
M1 Resolve parallel to the slope for a 3 term equation – condone sign errors and sin/cos confusion
A1 All three terms correct – expression as on scheme or exact equivalent
A1 32(N) only

2 .(a) a = dv/dt = 6ti – 4j M1 A1

(2)

(b) Using F = ½a, sub t = 2, finding modulus M1, M1, M1

e.g. at t = 2, a = 12i – 4j

F = 6i – 2j

⏐F⏐ = √(62 + 22) ≈ 6.32 N A1(CSO)

(4)
M1 Clear attempt to differentiate. Condone i or j missing.
A1 both terms correct (column vectors are OK)

The 3 method marks can be tackled in any order, but for consistency on epen grid
please enter as:
1
M1 F=ma (their a, (correct a or following from (a)), not v. F= a).
2
Condone a not a vector for this mark.
M1 subst t = 2 into candidate’s vector F or a (a correct or following from (a), not v)
M1 Modulus of candidate’s F or a (not v)
A1 CSO All correct (beware fortuitous answers e.g. from 6ti+4j)) Accept 6.3, awrt
160
6.32, any exact equivalent e.g. 2√10,√40,
2
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- =

(a) M (AF) 4a2.a – a2.3a/2 = 3a2. x M1 A2,1,0

x = 5a/6
A1

Symmetry ⇒ y = 5a/6, or work from the top to get 7a/6 (4)

(b)
B1√
5a / 6 x
tan q = ( )
2 a − 5a / 6 2a − y
M1 A1√
q ≈ 35.5°
A1

(4)
M1 Taking moments about AF or a parallel axis, with mass proportional to area.
Could be using a difference of two square pieces, as above, but will often use the
sum of a rectangle and a square to make the L shape. Need correct number of terms
but condone sign errors for M1.
A1 A1 All correct
A1 A0 At most one error
A1 5a/6, ( accept 0.83a or better )

Condone consistent lack of a’s for the first three marks.

NB: Treating it as rods rather than as a lamina is M0

B1ft x = y = their 5a/6, or y =distance from AB = 2a - their 5a/6.

Could be implied by the working. Can be awarded for a clear statement of value
in (a).
2 a − 5a / 6
M1 Correct triangle identified and use of tan. is OK for M1.
5a / 6
Several candidates appear to be getting 45◦ without identifying a correct angle. This
is M0 unless it clearly follows correctly from a previous error.
A1ft Tan α expression correct for their 5a/6 and their y
A1 35.5 (Q asks for 1d.p.)

NB: Must suspend from point A. Any other point is not a misread.
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4. (a) PE lost = 2mgh – mgh sin α ( = 7mgh/5 ) M1 A1

(2)
(b) Normal reaction R = mg cos α ( = 4mg/5 ) B1

1 2 1 7 mgh 5 4mg
Work-energy: mv + .2mv 2 = − . .h M1 A2,1,0
2 2 5 8 5

3 9mgh 3
⇒ mv 2 = ⇒ v 2 = gh
2 10 5
A1
(5)
M1 Two term expression for PE lost. Condone sign errors and sin/cos confusion,
but must be vertical distance moved for A
A1 Both terms correct, sinα correct, but need not be simplified. Allow 13.72mh.
Unambiguous statement.

B1 Normal reaction between A and the plane. Allow when seen in (b) provided it is
clearly the normal reaction. Must use cosα but need not be substituted.
M1(NB QUESTION SPECIFIES WORK & ENERGY) substitute into equation of
the form
PE lost = Work done against friction plus KE gained. Condone sign errors. They
must include KE of both particles.
A1A1 All three elements correct (including signs)
A1A0 Two elements correct, but follow their GPE and µx their Rxh.
A1 V2 correct (NB kgh specified in the Q)
P P
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5.(a)

63N

d
Y 2g

M(A) 63 sin 30 . 14 = 2g . d
M1 A1 A1
Solve: d = 0.225m
Hence AB = 45 cm
A1
U U

(4)

(b) R(→) X = 63 cos 30 (≈ 54.56)

B1
R(↑) Y = 63 sin 30 – 2g (≈ 11.9)
M1 A1
R = √(X2 + Y2) ≈ 55.8, 55.9 or 56 N
P P P P U U

M1 A1
(5)
M1 Take moments about A. 2 recognisable force x distance terms involving 63 and
2(g).
A1 63 N term correct
A1 2g term correct.
A1 AB = 0.45(m) or 45(cm). No more than 2sf due to use of g.

B1 Horizontal component (Correct expression – no need to evaluate)

M1 Resolve vertically – 3 terms needed. Condone sign errors. Could have cos for
sin.
Alternatively, take moments about B : 0.225 × 2 g = 0.31 × 63 sin 30 + 0.45Y
or C : 0.14Y = 0.085 × 2 g
A1 Correct expression (not necessarily evaluated) - direction of Y does not matter.
M1 Correct use of Pythagoras
A1 55.8(N), 55.9(N) or 56 (N)

OR For X and Y expressed as Fcosθ and Fsinθ .

M1 Square and add the two equations, or find a value for tanθ, and substitute for
sinθ or cosθ

A1 As above .

N.B. Part (b) can be done before part (a). In this case, with the extra information
about the resultant force at A, part (a) can be solved by taking moments about any
one of several points. M1 in (a) is for a complete method - they must be able to
substitute values for all their forces and distances apart from the value they are trying
to find..
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6. (a) 0 = (35 sin α )2 – 2gh P P M1 A1

h = 40 m U U A1 (3)

(b) x = 168 ⇒ 168 = 35 cosα . t (⇒ t = 8s) M1 A1

1 2
At t = 8, y = 35 sin α × t − gt (= 28.8 – ½.g.82 = – 89.6 m)
P P

M1 A1
2

Hence height of A = 89.6 m or 90 m

U U
DM1 A1
(6)
(c) ½mv2 = 1/2.m.352 + mg.89.6 P P P P

M1 A1
⇒
v = 54.6 or 55 m s–1
U UP UP

A1 (3)
M1 Use of v = u + 2as , or possibly a 2 stage method using v = u + at and
2 2

1
s = ut + at 2
2
A1 Correct expression. Alternatives need a complete method leading to an equation
in h only.
A1 40(m) No more than 2sf due to use of g.

M1 Use of x = ucosα. t to find t.

A1 168 = 35 × their cosα × t
1
M1 Use of s = ut + at 2 to find vertical distance for their t. (AB or top to B)
2
1
A1 y = 35 sin α × t − gt 2 (u,t consistent)
2
DM1 This mark dependent of the previous 2 M marks. Complete method for AB.
Eliminate t and solve for s.
A1 cso.
(NB some candidates will make heavy weather of this, working from A to max
height (40m) and then down again to B (129.6m))
gx 2 sec 2 α
OR : Using y = x tan α −
2u 2
M1 formula used (condone sign error)
A1 x,u substituted correctly
M1 α terms substituted correctly.
A1 fully correct formula
M1, A1 as above

M1 Conservation of energy: change in KE = change in GPE. All terms present.

One side correct (follow their h).
(will probably work A to B, but could work top to B).
A1 Correct expression (follow their h)
A1 54.6 or 55 (m/s)
OR: M1 horizontal and vertical components found and combined using Pythagoras
vx = 21
B B

vy = 28 – 9.8x8 (-50.4)
B B

A1 vx and vy expressions correct (as above). Follow their h,t.

B B B B

A1 54.6 or 55
NB Penalty for inappropriate rounding after use of g only applies once per question.
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Question Scheme Marks

Number
7.
u

m 5m

v w

CLM: mv + 5mw = mu
(a) B1
NLI: w – v = eu
B1
1
Solve v: v = 1
6 (1 – 5e)u, so speed = ( 5e − 1) u (NB – answer given on paper)
6 M1* A1
Solve w: w = 16 (1 + e)u
* The M’s are dependent on having equations (not necessarily correct) for CLM and M1* A1
NLI (6)

(b) After B hits C, velocity of B = “v” = 16 (1 – 5. 45 )u = – ½u M1 A1

velocity < 0 ⇒ change of direction ⇒ B hits A A1 CSO
(3)
(c) 3 B1
velocity of C after = 10 u

1
When B hits A, “u” = ½u, so velocity of B after = – ½(– ½u) = 4 u B1

Travelling in the same direction but 1

4 < 103 ⇒ no second collision
U U
M1
A1 CSO
(4)
B1 Conservation of momentum – signs consistent with their diagram/between the
two equations
B1 Impact equation
M1 Attempt to eliminate w
A1 correct expression for v. Q asks for speed so final answer must be verified
positive with reference to e>1/5.
Answer given so watch out for fudges.
M1 Attempt to eliminate v
A1 correct expression for w

M1 Substitute for e in speed or velocity of P to obtain v in terms of u. Alternatively,

can obtain v in terms of w
5w
A1 (+/-) u/2 ( v = − )
3
A1 CSO Justify direction (and correct conclusion)
U U

3u
B1 speed of C = value of w = (± ) (Must be referred to in (c) to score the B1.)
10
1 5
B1 speed of B after second collision (± ) u or (± ) w
4 6
M1 Comparing their speed of B after 2nd collision with their speed of C after first
P P

collision.
A1 CSO. Correct conclusion .
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8. (a) 0 ≤ t ≤ 4: a = 8 – 3t M1
a = 0 ⇒ t = 8/3 s DM1
2
8 3 ⎛8⎞ 32
→ v = 8. − .⎜ ⎟ = (m/s) DM1 A1
3 2 ⎝ 3⎠ 3
second M1 dependent on the first, and third dependent on the second. (4)

(b) s = 4t2 – t3/2

P P P P

M1

t = 4: s = 64 – 64/2 = 32 m U U

M1 A1
(3)
(c) t > 4: v=0 ⇒t = 8s U U
B1 (1)

(d) Either
t > 4 s = 16t – t2 (+ C) P P

M1

t = 4, s = 32 → C = –16 ⇒ s = 16t – t2 – 16 P P
M1 A1

t = 10 → s = 44 m M1 A1

But direction changed, so: t = 8, s = 48 M1

Hence total dist travelled = 48 + 4 = 52 m U U DM1 A1

(8)
Or (probably accompanied by a sketch?)
t=4 v=8, t=8 v=0, so area under line = × (8 − 4 ) × 8
1
2 M1A1A1

t=8 v=0, t=10 v=-4, so area above line = × (10 − 8) × 4

1
M1A1A1
2
Hence total distance = 32(from b) + 16 + 4 = 52 m. U

M1A1
(8)
dv
Or M1, A1 for t > 4 = −2 , =constant
dt
t=4, v=8; t=8, v=0; t=10, v=-4
u+v 32
M1, A1 s = t = t , =16 working for t = 4 to t = 8
2 2
u+v −4
M1, A1 s = t= t , =-4 working for t = 8 to t = 10
2 2
M1, A1 total = 32+14+4, =52
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M1 Differentiate to obtain acceleration

DM1 set acceleration. = 0 and solve for t
DM1 use their t to find the value of v
A1 32/3, 10.7oro better

OR using trial an improvement:

M1 Iterative method that goes beyond integer values
M1 Establish maximum occurs for t in an interval no bigger than 2.5<t<3.5
M1 Establish maximum occurs for t in an interval no bigger than 2.6<t<2.8
A1

Or M1 Find/state the coordinates of both points where the curve cuts the x axis.
DM1 Find the midpoint of these two values.
M1A1 as above.

Or M1 Convincing attempt to complete the square:

3t 2 3 8 3 64
DM1 substantially correct 8t − = − (t − ) 2 + ×
2 2 3 2 9
DM1 Max value = constant term
A1 CSO

M1 Integrate the correct expression

DM1 Substitute t = 4 to find distance (s=0 when t=0 - condone omission / ignoring
of constant of integration)
A1 32(m) only
B1 t = 8 (s) only

M1 Integrate 16-2t
M1 Use t=4, s= their value from (b) to find the value of the constant of integration.
or 32 + integral with a lower limit of 4 (in which case you probably see these
two marks
occurring with the next two. First A1 will be for 4 correctly substituted.)
A1 s = 16t – t2 – 16 or equivalent
P P

M1 substitute t = 10
A1 44
M1 Substitute t = 8 (their value from (c))
DM1 Calculate total distance (M mark dependent on the previous M mark.)
A1 52 (m)

OR the candidate who recognizes v = 16 – 2t as a straight line can divide the shape
into two triangles:
M1 distance for t = 4 to t = candidate’s 8 = ½ x change in time x change in
speed.
A1 8-4
A1 8-0
M1 distance for t = their 8 to t = 10 =½ x change in time x change in speed.
A1 10-8
A1 0-(-4)
M1 Total distance = their (b) plus the two triangles (=32 + 16 + 4).
A1 52(m)