UNIT 3 Q1. What is D’Alembert’s Principle? Explain for linear as well as rotational cases.
Q2. In a slider crank mechanism, the force on the piston is F Newtons which tends to push it towards ODC, from IDC. Explain the method to find the torque transferred on the crank which causes its rotation.
Q3. Derive the relationship for calculating the displacement, velocity and acceleration of a piston. Also find the value of acceleration of the piston at the start and end of a stroke.
Q4. Derive the relationship for calculating the angular velocity and angular acceleration of connecting rod in a slider crank mechanism.
Q5. Derive the formula for the following : (1) Force transferred into the connecting rod from the piston, (2) thrust from the cylinder walls on the piston, (3) turning effort on the crank-pin, (4) thrust on the crank-shaft bearings, (5) turning moment on the crank shaft.
Q6. Draw and explain the turning moment diagram for a double acting steam engine.
Q7. Draw and explain the turning moment diagram for a single cylinder 4-stroke IC engine.
Q8. Derive the relationship for coefficient of fluctuation of speed of a flywheel.
Q9. What is the advantage of a multi-cylinder engine, over a single cylinder engine? The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to a vertical scale of 1 mm = 450 Nm and a horizontal scale of 1 mm = 4°. The turning moment diagram repeats itself after every half revolution of the crank shaft. The areas above and below the mean torque line are 250, -590, 90, -375, 880, -255 mm2. The rotating parts have a mass of 60 kg and radius of gyration of 2 m. If the engine speed is 1500 rpm, determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
Q10. What do you understand by turning moment diagram? The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to a vertical scale of 1 mm = 500 Nm and a horizontal scale of 1 mm = 3°. The turning moment diagram repeats itself after every half revolution of the crank shaft. The areas above and below the mean torque line are 260, -580, 80, -380, 870, -250 mm2. The rotating parts have a mass of 55 kg and radius of gyration of 2.1 m. If the engine speed is 1600 rpm, determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
Q11. In a vertical double acting steam engine, the connecting rod is 5 times the crank. The weight of the reciprocating parts is 115 kg and the stroke of the piston is 450 mm. the engine runs at 260 rpm. If the net load on the piston due to steam pressure is 25 kN when the crank has turned through an angle of 120° from TDC, determine: (i) Thrust in the connecting rod, (ii) pressure on the slide bars, (iii) tangential force on the crank pin, (iv) thrust on the crank-shaft bearings, (v) turning moment on the crank shaft.
Q12. In a vertical double acting steam engine, the connecting rod is 4.5 times the crank. The weight of the reciprocating parts is 120 kg and the stroke of the piston is 440 mm. the engine runs at 250 rpm. If the net load on the piston due to steam pressure is 25 kN when the crank has turned through an angle of 120° from TDC, determine: (i) Thrust in the connecting rod, (ii) pressure on the slide bars, (iii) tangential force on the crank pin, (iv) thrust on the crank-shaft bearings, (v) turning moment on the crank shaft.
Q13. The turning moment diagram for a four-stroke engine is assumed to be represented by four triangles, the areas of which from the line of zero torque are:
Suction stroke = 440 mm2
Compression stroke = 1600 mm2
Expansion stroke = 7200 mm2
Exhaust stroke = 660 mm2
Each mm2 of area represents 3 Nm of energy. If the resisting torque is uniform, determine the mass of the rim of a flywheel to keep the speed between 218 rpm to 222 rpm when the mean radius of the rim is to be 1.25 m
Q14. A double acting steam engine develops 56 kW of power at 210 rpm. The maximum and minimum speeds do not vary more than 1% of the mean speed and the excess energy is 30 % of the indicated power per stroke. Determine the mass of the flywheel if the radius of gyration of the flywheel is 500 mm.
Q15. The torque delivered to a 2-stroke engine is represented by T = (1000 + 300 sin 2ϴ - 500 cos 2ϴ) N.m where ϴ is the angle turned by the crank from IDC. Engine speed is 250 rpm. The mass of the flywheel is 400 kg and radius of gyration 400 mm. Determine: (a) Power developed, (b) Total percentage fluctuation of speed, (c) Angular acceleration of the flywheel when the crank has rotated through an angle of 60° from IDC.
Q16. The crankshaft torque of a four-cylinder petrol engine varies as follows:
During the first 30° crank angle, the torque increases from 0 to 250 Nm linearly.
During the next 30° crank angle, it remains constant.
During the next 120° crank angle, it decreases linearly to zero.
The average speed is 500 rpm and the cycle is repeated after every half revolution of the crank. Assume that the engine drives a machine that requires a constant torque, determine the mass of the flywheel. The radius of gyration of the flywheel is 250 mm and the variation of speed is to be limited to 1% of the mean speed.
Q17. In a slider crank mechanism as shown in the figure, determine the positioning of the crank angle when the connecting- rod will have zero angular velocity. (IES 2007)
Q18. In a reciprocating engine mechanism, the crank and connecting rod of same length ‘r’ m are at right angle to each other at a given instant, when the crank makes an angle of 45° with IDC. If the crank rotates with a uniform angular velocity of ω rad/sec, determine the angular acceleration of the connecting rod. (IAS 1999)
Q19. If Cf is the coefficient of speed fluctuation of a flywheel then what will be the ratio of ω max /ωmin? (GATE 2006)
Q20. For a certain engine having an average speed of 1200 rpm, a flywheel approximated as a solid disc, is required for keeping the fluctuation of speed within 2% about the average speed. The fluctuation of kinetic energy per cycle is found to be 2 kJ. What is the least possible mass of the flywheel if its diameter is not to exceed 1m? (GATE 2003)
