Kd;Diu

cyfk; Njhd;wpa fhyj;jpy; KjyhtJ XuwpT capuhfpa Gy; G+z;LfSk;

gpd; ehsiltpy; gbg;gbahf MwwpT capuhfpa kf;fspdKk; Njhd;wpd. ,t;thW

Njhd;wpajhf> mwptpay; mwpQHfspd; ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; ek;Gk;

kf;fspdj;jtH Kjd; Kjypd; ‘Nghyr;nra;jy;’ Nghd;w cj;jpfisf;

filg;gpbj;J jk; cs;sj;jpd; czHr;rpfis ntspf; fhl;bdH. gpd; KiwNa

vOj;J> nrhy;> nrhw;nwhlH Kjyhdtw;why; (xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; xt;nthU

nghUs;gLk;); cs;sj;J czHr;rpfis ntspf;fhl;bdH. ,j;jifa epiyf;F

mbg;gilf; fhuzk;> “me;jr; nrhy;Yf;F ,r;#oypy; ,J nghUs;” vd;W

Md;NwhH $w ,jid mt;tpjNk ek;gp> kf;fs; jkJ gof;fj;jpy; ifahz;ldH.

,it Nghd;Nw ,d;d gpwtw;wpYk; ek;gpf;iffs; mike;jd.

mj;jifa ek;gpf;iffspd; mbg;gilapNyNa Mo;kdjpy; ,ay;gha;

Vw;gLk; xU tpj mr;r> czHtpdhYk;> Fw;w czHtpdhYk;> jk; tho;itr;

nrk;ikg;gLj;jpdH. ,e;epiyapy; gpwuJ jd;ikia mwpe;J mtH epiyf;F Vw;g

mtHkdk; Gz;glhjthW jkJ nfhs;iffis Mf;fpf; nfhz;ldH. xUtpj

$l;LwT tho;f;ifAk; Njhd;wpaJ.

kf;fs; ek;gpf;iffspd; Njhw;wKk; tsHr;rpAk;

kdpj cs;sj;jpd; vz;z miyfis vz;zp mse;J ghHf;Fk; rf;jp

ahUf;Fk; ,y;iy. NkYk; me;j vz;z miyfNshL gpd;dpg; gpize;J

kdpjdpd; Mo;kdjpd; ce;JjYf;Nfw;g mikfpd;wd. vy;yh rf;jpfSf;Fk;

Nkyhf xU epiyj;J epw;Fk; rf;jp nja;t rf;jp cz;nld;w ek;gpf;ifAk; mq;F

,lk;ngWk;.

92
 Fw;wq;fs; Ghpe;jhy; tho;tpy; epk;kjp fpilahJ. nja;tk; epd;W Nfl;Fk;>

jz;bf;Fk; vd;nwy;yhk; xU tpj mr;r czHthy; Vw;gLk; ek;gpf;iffSk;

kdpjdJ Mo; kdjpy; vg;NghJk; tsHe;J jto;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt

kw;wtHfs; ghtj;jpypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;L kd epk;kjpNahL tho;it

mDgtpg;gjw;F ,j;jifa ek;gpf;iffs; top tFf;fpd;wd. NkYk; mr;rj;jpd;

fhuzkhf> kdpjd; ,aw;ifapd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; nray;ghLfisAk; jdJ

tho;tpay; elg;GfNshL ,ize;J Nehf;fpa epiyapy; ek;gpf;iffs; Njhw;wk;

nfhz;litahFk;.

“ngUk;ghd;ikahd ek;gpf;iffs;

mr;rj;jpd; tpidfNs MFk;”1

vd;w $w;Wk; ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. ,t;tpjNk ek;gpf;iffs; Njhd;wg; ngw;W

ehsiltpy; kuG topahf tsHr;rpaile;J kdpjdJ cs;sj;ijg; gz;gLj;jp

Ik;ngUk; G+jq;fs; tyk; tUk; ,g;Gtpapy; ey;ygb tho;thq;F tho xUtpjg;

gw;Wf; Nfhlha; mikfpd;wd.

ek;gpf;if – tpsf;fk;

ek;Gjy; vDk; tpid mbg;gilapy; gpwe;j ngaHr;nrhy; ek;gpf;if.

“ahidapd; gyk; Jk;gpf;ifapy;

kdpjdpd; gyk; ek;gpf;ifapy;”2

vd;gJ kf;fsplk; toq;Fk; $w;W. kdpjDf;F tyJ> ,lJ vd mike;j ,uz;L

iffNshL ek;gpf;ifia %d;whtJ if vdf; nfhs;syhk;. mjhtJ kdpj

tho;tpy; jiyghAs;s xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; nfhOf; nfhk;ghf> cLf;if ,oe;jtd;

ifNghy miktJ> ek;gpf;if MFk;.

93
ek;gpf;iffspd; jd;ikfSk;> tpsf;fq;fSk;

fhyk; fle;J epd;W ahtiuAk; jd; tag;gLj;jp khdpl tho;tpw;F XH

Cd;WNfhy; Nghy; mike;J> mt;tho;tpw;F Ntz;badtw;wpw;F Mf;fKk;>

Cf;fKk; jUk; jd;ikia cilaJ ek;gpf;if. “thdk; fWj;jjhy; kio

nga;Ak;”3 vDk; $w;Wf;fs; mDkhdj;jhy; mwpag;gLk; ek;gpf;iffs; MFk;.

“fw;ngdg;gLtJ (fhty;) nrhw;jpwk;ghik”4 vd;Dk; $w;Wk;> “ciurhy;

gj;jpdpia caHe;NjhH Vj;JtH”5 vd;Dk; $w;Wk;> ‘xOf;fk; caphpDk;

Xk;gg;gLk;’ vDk; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;wpa ek;gpf;if MFk;.

“nja;tk; epd;W (Nfl;Fk;) nfhy;Yk;”

“Co;tpid cWj;J te;J Cl;Lk;”

“murpay; gpioj;jhHf;F mwk; $w;whFk;”

vd;Dk; $w;Wf;fs; vy;yhk; mr;r mbg;gilapy; mike;jdthFk;. “jPuh ,Lk;ig

jUk;”6 vd;Dk; $w;W> xUtiu xUtH (ed;whfj; njhpe;J) ek;Gjy; Ntz;Lk; vd

tw;GWj;JfpwJ. ,j;jifa Kiwapy; xUtiu xUtH ek;Gtjhy; kl;LNk> khdpl

tho;T rpwe;J “gz;ngdg; gLtJ ghlwpe;J xOfy;” vDk; $w;wpw;fpzq;fj;

jdf;Fk;> tPl;bw;Fk; ehl;bw;Fk; ed;ik gaf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

ek;gpf;iffspy; Mf;fq;fs;

kdpjtho;tpy; Vw;gLk; gytifahd ,d;dy;fspypUe;J tpLgl;L kdk;

mikjpaila ek;gpf;iffs; cjTfpd;wd. vdNt> ,j;jifa ek;gpf;iffis

Mjpfhye;njhl;Nl kf;fshy; filg;gpbf;fg;gl;L jk; gof;f tof;fq;fspy;

KiwNa nfhz;L xOfpdH. mit kuG topahf ,d;iwa ehs; tiuapYk;

epytptUfpd;wd.

94
 cstpay;> jj;JthPjpahf ,j;jifa Mo;kdjpy; Cwpf;fplf;Fk;

ek;gpf;iffs; ,dj;jpw;Fj; jFe;jthW khw;wk; ngWfpd;wd. mjhtJ kdpj

tho;f;if epiyf;Fj; jFe;jthW mikfpd;wd. mj;JizAk; kdpj ey;tho;tpd;

nghUl;Nl vdyhk;.

“jUkj;jpd; tho;Tjidr; #J ft;Tk;

jUkk; kWgbAk; nty;Yk;”7

vDk; $w;W (ek;gpf;if) #o;epiyf;Nfw;g mty epiy mile;j cs;sq;fSf;F

MWjy; mspg;gNjhL> “fhyk; tUk; nghWj;jpUg;Nghk;” vd;w ek;gpf;ifiaAk;

juty;yJ.

gof;ftof;fq;fspy; ek;gpf;iffs;

gof;fk; vd;gJ Kd;NdhH (rhd;NwhH) filg;gpbj;J xOfpa tho;f;if

Kiwfisj; njhlHe;J> mijg;Nghy; xOfg; gofpf; nfhs;tJ MFk;. ‘tof;fk;’

vd;gJ mtw;iw md;whlk; ek; tho;tpy; filg;gpbj;J xOFtJ mjhtJ

fhiyapy; fz;tpopg;gJ> Kjy; ,uT J}q;FtJ tiuapYk; mike;j vy;yhr;

nray;fSk; MFk;. Kw;fhyj;jpy; rhd;NwhH filgpbj;j gof;f tofq;fs;

midj;Jk; ek;gpf;iffs; Mf cUg;ngw;wd. MfNt ,e;ek;gpf;iffspd;

mbg;gilapy; kf;fspd; gof;ftof;fq;fs; mikfpd;wd. kuG topahff;

ifahsg;gLk; ,e;ek;gpf;ifNahL mike;j gof;ftof;fq;fs; rhptu

eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jhy; kdpj tho;tpy; nrhy;yj;jFk; Jd;gk; ,y;iy.

“fhf;if futh fiue;Jz;Zk; Mf;fKk;

my;y ePuhf;Nf cs”8

vd;Dk; $w;W (ek;gpf;if) jkf;nfd thohj caHe;NjhuJ ,ay;gpid

mg;gbNa glk;gpbj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ. ,t;tbg;gilia kdpjd; jk; tho;tpy;

95
filg;gpbf;Fk; nghOJ cs;sk; nrk;ikaile;J ew;NgwiltJ ,ay;ghFk;.

vjpHg;G rhHe;j ek;gpf;iffs;

kf;fs; FO> FOthf thof; fw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfs;. vdNt mtHfs;

ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fs; Fwpj;J tPl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk; Kd;dH vjpHg;G

ghHj;Jr; nry;YtJ ed;ikgaf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia cilath;fshfj;

jpfo;fpd;wdH. ey;y vjpHg;Gf;fs; vd mtHfs; ek;Gk; vjpHg;Gfspy; nrd;why;

fhhpak; if$Lnkd ek;Gfpd;wdH. mjidf; filg;gpbj;J xOFfpd;wdH.

mDgthPjpahfTk; fz;Lnfhz;L gpwUf;Fk; mij czHj;Jfpd;wdH.

“epiwFlk; vjpHg;G te;jhy; ed;ik jUk;

vz;nza;f; Flk; vjpHg;G te;jhy; ed;ik jhuh”

vd;w ek;gpf;ifs; epd;W epyTfpd;wd.

rFdk; ghHg;gjpy; ek;gpf;iffs;

Nfhtpy; kzp mbg;gJ> fOijfs; fj;JtJ Nghd;witnay;yhk; kf;fsJ

vz;zq;fSf;F ey;y rFdq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. tyJfz;Zk;>

tyJNjhSk; Jbg;gJ Mz;fSf;F ey;y rFdkhfTk;> ,lJ NjhSk;> ,lJ

fz;Zk; Jbg;gJ ngz;fSf;F ey;y rFdkhfTk; fUJtH. ,it Nghd;w ,d;d

gpwtw;Wf;Fk; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH.

epkpj;jk; ghHj;jypy; ek;gpf;iffs;

epkpj;jk; vd;why; rFdk; vd;Dk; nghUspYk; kf;fs; $WtJz;L. ,J

rFdj;jpypUe;J rpwpJ NtWgl;L miktjhFk;. ey;yYiuahy; ey;y

epfo;rr
; pfis elj;Jtjw;Fk; vjpHfhyk; vg;gb mikAk; vd;gd gw;wpnay;yhk;

epkpj;jpfs; (Nrhjplk;) fzpj;Jg; ghHj;Jr; nrhy;tij kf;fs; ek;GtH.

96
tphpr;rp Nfl;lypy; ek;gpf;if

kf;fs; VNjDk; ey;yfhhpak; nra;a tpioAk; NghJ tphpr;rpapd;

tha;rn
; rhy; Nfl;gij ek;GtH.

rhgq;fSk;> ek;gpf;iffSk;

kdpj kdk; Gz;gLk; NghJ> mjw;Ff; fhuzkhdtHfis epidj;J

fz;zPHtpl;Lk;> rhgk; Nghl;Lk; xU rpyH jk; cs;sj;ijr; rhe;jp nra;J

nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,t;tpjk; rhgj;jpw;Fs;shdtHfs; nry;tk; ePq;fp

Jd;gj;jpw;Fs;shtH vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

“my;yw;gl;L Mw;whJ mOJ fz;zPud;Nw

nry;tj;ijj; Nja;f;Fk; gil”9

,jid cj;jpuNtjk; $Wk; $w;Wf;fs; muz; nra;fpd;wd. Mdhy; “jha; rhgk;

gps;isiaj; jPz;LtJ ,y;iy”. mjhtJ jha;> je;ij> jikad;> MrphpaH>

kidtpia <d;NwhH> kd;dd; KjyhNdhH rhgq;fs; jk;ikj; jPz;Ltjpy;iy

vDk; ek;gpf;iffisAk; kuG topahff; nfhs;tH.

tPLfisr; Rj;jk; nra;tjpYk;> ,iwtopghl;bYk; cs;s

ek;gpf;iffs;

thuj;jpy; nrt;tha;> nts;spf;fpoikfspy; tPLfisr; Rj;jk; nra;J

thridj; jputpaq;fisj; njspj;J ,iwtopghL elj;Jk; gof;ftof;fq;fs;

kf;fspilNa cz;L. ,t;thW tPLfisr; Rj;jk; nra;tjhy; cly;

MNuhf;fpaKk;> ,iwtopghl;lhy; ngwj;jF NgWfs; 16 ngUFnkdTk; ek;GtH.

,yf;fpaq;fSk;> ek;gpf;iffSk;

kf;fs; ,jpfhrq;fs;> Guhzq;fs; Nghd;w ,d;d gpw ,yf;fpaq;fs;

97
thapyhf ek;gpf;if nfhs;fpd;wdH. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - ghapuj;Js; nrhy;ypagb

mjDs; mike;J fplf;Fk; %d;W cz;ikfSk;> ,it Nghd;W ,d;dgpw

,yf;fpaq;fs; thapyhf tsHj;J nfhz;l mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk;

ek;gpf;if itj;jdH.

nrtptop nra;jpfspy; ek;gpf;iffs; (fh;zguk;giu)

jpUkzkhd kfspH G+g;G jPHe;J ePuhLk; NghJ mtisg; ghHj;jhy;

(fUTw;why;) fztDf;F MfhJ. ,J Nghd;W kuGtopahff; $wptUk;

nra;jpfspYk;> ,itNghd;W ,d;dgpwtw;wpYk; kf;fs; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH.

rka ek;gpf;iffs;

,e;J kjj;jpdHfs; tpf;fpuf MuhjidfspYk; ‘nja;tNfhgk;’ vd;W xd;W

cz;L vd;gjpy; ek;gpf;ifitj;J nraw;fhpa nray; nra;Ak;NghJ ,iwtid

epidj;J nra;jhy; nja;t rf;jp Kd;dpd;W Cf;Ftpf;Fk; vd;gjpYk;

ek;gpf;iffis itj;Js;sdH.

Gj;jkjj;jtUk;> rkz kjj;jtUk; $l caphpdq;fSf;F vt;tpj

CWfSk; nra;jyhfh vd;Wk;> mjdhy; tPLNgW fpl;LnkdTk; ek;GtH. ,jid>

“cz;zhik cs;sJ capHepiy

mz;zhj;jy; nra;ahJ md;W”10

cj;jpuNtjk; - $w;why;> nghJkiwahy; vy;yh rkaj;jhUk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

fhyk; mbg;gilapy; ek;gpf;iffs;

fhyk; vd;gJ khj;jpiu> ehopif> khiy> ahkk;> itfiw> tpbay;>

ez;gfy;> vw;ghL> ehs;> gf;fk;> jpq;fs;> fhH> $jpH> Kd;gdp> gpd;gdp> ,sNtdpy;>

KJNtdpy;> ,UJ> madk;> Mz;L> top (Afk;) vdg; gytifahfg; gphpj;J

98
Md;NwhH ghHj;J ek;gpdH. ,j;jifa nghOJfs; fhy mbg;gilapd; KiwNa

,uhF fhyq;fs;> vkfz;lk;> ml;lkp jpjp> etkp jpjp Nghd;wtw;wpy; ey;y

fhhpaq;fs; nra;jy; Mfhnjd;Wk;> mt;tpjk; nra;jhy; epidj;j fhhpak;

if$lhnjd;Wk; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH.

Gdpjahj;jpiu ek;gpf;iffs;

,e;Jf;fs; ekJ Mo;kdjpd; ce;Jjyhy; fhy; eilahfNt jpUj;nja;tj;

jyq;fSf;F vy;yhk; Gdpj ahj;jpiufis Nkw;nfhs;tjhy; jkJ gpwtpg;gadhd

‘tPLNgW’ fpilf;Fk; vd ek;gpdH.

jhdjUkq;fspy; ek;gpf;iffs;

kf;fs; jkJ tUkhdj;jpy; xU gFjpiaj; jhd> jHkk; vd Vio

vspatUf;F toq;fpdhy; jk; Kd;NdhH Md;kh rhe;jpailAk; vdTk;> jkJ

tho;T rpwf;FnkdTk; ek;gpdH.

“njd;Gyj;jhH nja;tk; tpUe;J Xf;fy; jhk; vd;whq;F

Ik;Gyj;J MW Xk;gy; jiy”11

nghJkiwahYk; tsHj;J ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH.

mzpfyd;fSk; ek;gpf;iffSk;

Rkq;fypg; ngz;fs; kq;fy ehZld;> fhypy; nkl;bAk;> ifapy;

tisAk; ,d;dgpw mzpfisAk; kq;fy mzpahf mzpfpd;wdH. mtw;iwf;

fow;wpdhy; fztHf;Fj; jPq;FtUnkd NtshsHfs; mQ;Rfpd;wdH.

MilfSk; ek;gpf;iffSk;

MltH ntz;zpw Milfis mzptjhy; jk; cs;sKk; clYk;

99
vg;NghJk; J}a;ikahf ,Uf;Fnkd ek;Gfpd;wdH. Rkq;fypg; ngz;fs; ntz;zpw

Milfis mzpe;jhy; jq;fs; JiztHf;Fj; jPq;F tUnkd ek;gpf;iff;

nfhs;tjhy; mt;ntz;zpw Milfis ntWj;J xJf;FtH. Jf;fkhd

epfo;rr
; pfspy; fWg;G epw Milfisg; ngUk;ghyhNdhH mzpfpd;wdH. Nehd;Gfs;>

tpujq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ehl;fspYk; ghjahj;jpiufs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghOJk; fhtp

MilfisNa gad;gLj;JtH. Vnddpy; ,j;Njhw;wk; gw;ww;w epiyapy; cs;s

,iwtid epidj;J nef;FUf Cf;Ftpf;Fnkd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

jha;> je;ij> jikad; gw;wpa ek;gpf;iffs;

“jhapw; rpwe;jnjhU NfhapYkpy;iy”12

“je;ij nrhy; kpf;f ke;jpukpy;iy”13

“jhiaahd Kd;Ndhd; xU ghij

mz;zd; fhiyg; ghHj;J MLlh jk;gp”

vd;Dk; $w;Wfspy; kf;fs; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH.

MrphpaH gw;wpa ek;gpf;iffs;

“vOj;jwptpj;jtd; ,iwtd; MFk;”14

vd;Dk; mjptPuuhkh ghz;baH $w;wpYk;>

“jiaahf tpj;ijiaf; fw;gpj;jtd; xU gpjh”

“rhHe;j rw;FU xU gpjh”

vd;Dk; FkuFUguH $w;wpYk; ftdk; nrYj;jp czHe;J Mrphpahplk; ,j;jifa

tpjj;jpy; kf;fs; G+uz gf;jpAld; ve;ehSk; ek;gpf;if itj;J topghL

nra;fpd;wdH.

100
kf;fsplk; ek;gpf;iffs;

jpUTil kd;didf; fhzpd; jpUkhiyf; fz;Nlhk; vd;Dk; Md;NwhH

fUj;jpYk; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH. kd;did Nehpy; fz;lhy; ,iwtidNa

Nehpy; fz;l czHT nfhs;fpwdH.

kyHfSk;> ek;gpf;iffSk;

VNjDk; Kf;fpa #oy;fspy; KbT nra;tjw;Fk; kzkfs;> kzkfd;

NjHT nra;a nja;tj;jpd; rq;fygj;Jld; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjw;F nts;is> rptg;G

kyHfisr; nrk;gpy; ,l;L ,iwtd; Kd; itj;J tzq;FtH. mHr;rfH

mjpnyhd;iw vLj;Jj; jUthH. mk;kyH nts;is kyuha; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk>

ey;y nghUj;jk; cz;L vd ek;GtH. NkYk; nts;isepw kyHfis NtshsHfs;

(Ky;iy) fw;Gilaf; FykfspHf;FhpajhfTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

tpyq;FfSk;> ek;gpf;iffSk;

tPl;by; tsHf;Fk; tpyq;Ffis itj;Jk;> fz;zpy; fhzg;gLk;

tpyq;Ffis itj;Jk; rFdk; Kjyhdtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;s mtw;wpd;

nray;fSf;Nfw;g ek;GtH. “gy;yp tpOk; gyd;” vd;W gy;ypapd; nraiy itj;J

mjdbg;gilapy; tUq;fhy epfo;rr

; pfis Cfpj;J mwpe;J ek;Gfpd;wdH.

gwitfSk;> ek;gpf;iffSk;

gwitfspd; nray;fis itj;Jk; jk; tho;tpd; tUq;fhy

epfo;rr
; papd; ,ay;ig kdjpDs; epHzak; nra;fpd;wdH. tPl;bd; Nkw;GwkpUe;J

fhfk; fiue;jhy; tpUe;jpdH tUif je;J kfpo;tpg;gH vd;Wk; tPl;bd; gf;fj;jpy;

kuq;fspd; NkypUe;Njh> tPl;bd; $iuapypUe;Njh Me;ij mywpdhy;> mt;tywypd;

101
vz;zpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; vjpHfhyg; gyid Ma;e;jwpe;J ek;gpf;if

itj;Js;sdH.

rlq;Ffspy; ek;gpf;iffs;

jpUkzr; rlq;F> gpwg;Gr; rlq;F> ,wg;Gr; rlq;Ffs; Kjyhdtw;wpYk;

ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH. ngha;Ak; Gul;Lk; kf;fspilNa xU rhuhhplk;

kype;Jtpl;l fhuzj;jhy; rhd;NwhH Kd;dpiyapy; jpUkzk; ele;jhy; ftTf;if

nefpo;tjpy;iy vd;Wk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sdH. gpwg;Gr; rlq;Ffshy; jha;

je;ijauJ nghWg;GzHTk;> kdkfpo;Tk; Vw;gLnkd ek;GtH. ,wg;Gr; rlq;Ffshy;

,we;jtH Md;kh rhe;jpaile;J tPLNgW mtHfSf;Ff; fpl;LnkdTk;>

cs;sj;jpy; kuG topahf ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sdH.

Rtpfhuk; vLg;gjpy; ek;gpf;iffs;

Foe;ijfs; ,y;yhjtHfs; jk; ,wg;Gr; rlq;Ffisr; nra;tjw;Fk;> jk;

cilikfis Ms;tjw;Fhpa thhpR Ntz;bNa ‘jj;J’ vLg;ghHfs; mjhtJ

jkf;F neUq;fpa cwtpdHfsJ Foe;ijfSs; xd;iwj; jj;njLg;ghHfs;.

,r;rlq;fpw;F kQ;rs; fye;j ghiyj; jj;J vLg;gtH kbapy; mf;Foe;ijia

itj;J mjd; thapy; Gfl;LthHfs;. md;wpypUe;J mf;Foe;ij jj;njLj;jtuJ

Foe;ij MFnkd ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,t;tpjk; RtPfhuk; vLg;gjw;F

jd; ,uj;jj;NjhL xl;ba cld;gpwe;j rNfhjudJ Foe;ijiaNa ngUk;ghYk;

tpUk;GtH. Vnddpy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; mf;Foe;ij jk;ik ed;whff; ftdpf;Fk;

vd;Wk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

kio nga;tjpy; ek;gpf;if

tUz gfthid Ntz;b fOijf;Fj; jpUkzk; elj;jpdhy; kio

102
nga;Ak; vd;W ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdH. vWk;G Kl;il nfhz;L epyj;jpd;

Nklhdg; gFjpapy; Vwpdhy;> jtis fj;jpdhy; rpwF Kisj;j vWk;Gfs;

gwj;jy; Nghd;wit kio nga;Ak; vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk; NtshsHfsplj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

jha;ik NgW

ngz;ikia KOik milar; nra;tJ jha;ikg; NgNw MFk;.

Foe;ijr; nry;tk; fpilj;jw; nghUl;Lr; nra;ag;gLk; rlq;Ffs;> ke;jpur;

nray;fs;> tpujq;fs;> Ntz;Ljy;fs; njhlHghd ek;gpf;iffs;>

NtshsHfspilNa kpFjpahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jha;ikg; Ngw;wpid

mile;jhy;> gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijf;Fj; nja;tj;jpd; ngaiu ,Ltjhf NeHe;jpLk;

gof;fk; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. NtshsHfs;> “Fwpg;gpl;l nja;tj;ij

tzq;fp> mj;nja;tj;jpd; ngaiug; gpwf;Fk; gps;isf;F ,Ltjhf Ntz;bdhy;

(NeHe;jhy;) gps;is gpwf;Fk;” vd ek;Gfpd;wdH.

#yp

fUTw;wg; ngz;iz> ‘#yp’ vd NtshsHfs; miof;fpd;wdH.

#ypia Kjy; kfg;Ngw;wpd; NghJ gpwe;jfk; mioj;Jr; nry;tij NtshsHfs;

‘rPke;jr; rlq;fhf’ elj;Jfpd;wdH. #ypf;Fr; #y;fhg;Gfs;> fz;zhb tisay;fs;

,LjYk;> kb epiwj;jYk;> jha; tPl;bw;F ey;y Neuj;jpy; mioj;Jr; nry;yYk;

rPke;jr; rlq;fpd; Kf;fpa epo;rr

; pfshFk;. “#ypf;Ff; fz;zhb tisay;fs;

,uz;L iffspYkhfr; NrHj;J xw;iw vz;zpf;ifapy; jhd; Nghl Ntz;Lk;”

vDk; ek;gpf;if tof;fpy; cs;sJ. ,e;ek;gpf;if NtshsHfs; ,ul;il

vz;iz ntWj;J xJf;FtijAk; xw;iw vz;iz tpUk;gp Vw;gijAk;

czHj;Jfpd;wJ.
103
 ‘,ul;il $lhJ’ vDk; mbg;gilapy;> NtshsHfsplk; ,U #ypfs; xNu

tPl;by; ,Ug;gjw;Fj; jil vOe;Js;sJ. ,tHfs;> “,uz;L #yp xU tPl;by;

,Ue;jhy; jpU\;bg;gLk;” vdf; fUJfpd;wdH. NkYk; “,U #ypfs; xNu tPl;by;

,Ue;jhy; xd;W thOk;> kw;nwhd;W jhOk;” vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,j;jifa

czHit> “xNu rkaj;jpy; ,uz;L gps;isfis ,U ,Lg;gpYkhf vLj;jhy;

xz;Z thOk;> xz;Z jhOk;”> “mf;fh jq;ifia xNu tPl;by; mz;zd;>

jk;gpf;F fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhLj;jhy; xUj;jp tho;ths;> xUj;jp jho;e;J

Nghths;”> “xNu Nkilapy; ,uz;L fy;ahzk; elj;jpdhy; xd;W thOk;> xd;W

jhOk;”> “Rkq;fyp xU tUlj;jpw;Fs; ,UKiw kzNkil Vwpj; jhyp fl;bdhy;

xd;W thOk;: xd;W jhOk;” vd;Dk; ek;gpf;iffisAk; NtshsHfspilNa

ghHf;fKbfpd;wd.

,U#ypfs; xNu tPl;by; ,Uj;jiyj; jtpHf;Fk; epiy NtshsHfsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; chpa ghpfhuk; nra;Jtpl;L> xNu tPl;by; itj;J

,U#ypfisg; NgZk; epiyAk; NtshsHfsplk; cs;sJ. ,jid> xU tPl;by;

,uz;L #ypfs; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. ,Uf;f NeHe;jhy; ,U#ypfSk; epiwFlk;

khw;wptpl;L xNu tPl;by; ,Uf;fyhk; vd;gjpy; NtshsHfs; ek;gpf;if

itj;Js;sdH.

MW khjr; #yp Mw;iwf; fle;J nry;Yjy; jfhnjd NtshsHfs;

ek;Gfpd;wdH. NtshsHfspilNa “ehd;Fkhjr;#yp eil jhz;bg; Nghff;

$lhJ” vDnkhU ek;gpf;ifAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ mjpy; khw;wNkw;gl;L

cs;sJ Vnddpy; Ntiyf;Fr; nry;gtHfs; gpurtj;jpd; NghNj tpLg;G vLg;gH.

104
kfg;Ngwhy; vOk; jPl;L

kfg;NgW fz;ltis NtshsHfs; ‘gps;isj;jhr;rp’ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH.

gps;isj;jhr;rpaplKk;> Foe;ijg; NgW ele;j tPl;bYk; jPl;L epiwe;jpUf;Fk; vd

,tHfs; fUJfpd;wdH. gioa kl;fyq;fisf; fise;J> nts;is mbj;J

tPl;ilj; J}a;ikg;gLj;jp> ‘rl;bghid njhLk; rlq;F’ elj;jpdhNy jPl;L khWk;

vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

NtshsHfs; rl;b ghid njhLk; ehsd;W> Foe;ij ngw;wts; Fspj;j ePH

nrd;W gha;tjw;fhf ntl;b itj;jpUf;Fk; JLg;Gf; Fopia %LtH. md;W>

Foe;ij ngw;wtisf; fhg;gtshff; fUjg;gLk; ‘JLg;Gf;Fop ehr;rpahH’ vd;w

nja;tj;jpw;Fg; gilaypl;L topghL elj;JtH.

NtshsHfspd; ahfrhiyahf mLf;fis kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jPl;L

khWKd; gps;isj;jhr;rp mLf;fisf;Fs; nry;tij NtshsHfs; mDkjpg;-

gjpy;iy. ,jid> “rl;bghid njhLk; ehsd;W jhd; gps;isj;jhr;rp

mLf;fisf;Fg; Nghfyhk;” vDk; ek;gpf;iftop mwpayhk;. ,e;ek;gpf;if>

rl;bghid njhLk; ehspy; jhd; jPl;L khWk; vd;gjidAk; ntspg;gLj;jp

epw;fpd;wJ.

rl;b ghid njhLk; ehs; tiu kfg;NgW ele;j tPl;by; jPl;L ,Ug;gjhff;

fUjg;gLtjdhy;> mt;tl
P ;lhH vtUk; me;jehs; tiu Nfhtpy; nry;tjw;Fj; jil

NtshsHfsplj;jpy; fhzg;gLtNjhL rhT tPl;bw;Fr; nry;tjw;Fk; jil

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. NtshsHfs; 41 ehl;fs; fope;j gpd;Ng> Foe;ijngw;wts;

Nfhtpy; nry;tij mDkjpf;fpd;wdH.

105
jha; Nrapd; Kjy; gazk;

Foe;ij gpwe;j 41 tJ ehs; jhAk; NrAk; gpwe;jfj;jpypUe;J

Gf;ffj;jpw;Fr; nry;tJ NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Gf;ffj;jpy; Foe;ij

gpwg;gpd; gpwe;jfj;jpw;Nfh NtW cwtpdH tPl;bw;Nfh jhAk;> NrAk; nry;tJz;L.

xt;nthU Foe;ijg; Ngw;wpd;NghJk; 41-tJ ehs;> NgW ele;j tPl;bypUe;J NtW

,lj;jpw;Fj; jhAk;> NrAk; nry;Yk; eilKiw cs;sJ. NtshsHfsplk;

vz;gw;wpa ek;gpf;if gpwg;gpDk;> ,wg;gpDk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

kUj;Jtj;jpYk; ,e;j vz; xU kz;lykhff; fUjg;gl;L> kUe;J mUe;Jk; fhy

vy;iyahf mikfpd;wJ.

41 Mk; ehs;> ve;jf; fpoikahf ,Ug;gpDk; jhAk;> NrAk; ntspNa

nry;yyhk; vd;gJ NtshsHfspd; eilKiwahFk;. ,jid> gps;is ngw;wts;

ve;jf; fpoikahdhYk; 41-Mk; ehs; GFe;j tPl;bw;Fr; nry;yyhk; vDk;

ek;gpf;if top mwpayhk;. “nts;spad;W GJkzg;ngz;> GFe;j tPl;bw;Nfh

gpwe;j tPl;bw;Nfh Nghff; $lhJ” vd;Wk; NtshsHfsplk; ek;gpf;if

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

NtshsHfs; 41-Mk; ehisj;jtpu NtW rpy ehl;fisAk; jhAk;> NrAk;

ntspNa nry;Yjw;F cfe;jdthff; fUJfpd;wdH. 22> 28> 41 Mfpa %d;W

ehl;fspYk; ehs; ghHf;fhky; khg;gps;is tPl;by; gps;is ngw;wtisf;

nfhz;LtpLtH.

Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; #ypd; vz;zpf;if

xU Foe;ij mjd; jhaplk;> gpwf;Fk; #ypd; vz;zpf;iff;F Vw;g>

gyidf; nfhz;ljhfNth nfhLg;gjhfNth mikAk; vd ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ.

106
ehd;F Kjy; vl;lhtJ #y; tiu gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; Fwpj;Nj ek;gpf;iffs;

NtshsHfsplk; vOe;Js;sd.

ehyhtJ Foe;ij

ehyhtJ #ypy; gpwf;Fk; ngz;Foe;ijapidf; Fwpj;j mr;rk;

NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ehyhtJ ngz; Foe;ijahy; FLk;gj;-

jpdUf;Ff; nfLjy; Vw;gLnkd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; tUKd;

nfLjiyj; jtpHf;Fk; nghUl;L> eilf;fy;iyg; Gul;bg; NghLk; cj;jpiaf;

ifahSfpd;wdH. ,jid> “ehyhtJ> nghk;gpis gpwe;jhy; eilf;fy;iyg;

Gul;bg; NghlZk;” vd;Dk; gonkhop %yk; mwpayhk;.

ehyhtJ ngz;Foe;ij gpwe;jTld; thapw;gbf;fy;iyg; ngaHj;Jg;

Nghlhtpbd; Vw;gLk; jPq;fpidf; $Wtdtha;> ehyhtJ nghk;gpisg; gps;is

gpwe;jTld; eilf;fy;iy ,sf;ftpy;iy vd;why; mg;ghTf;Ff; f\;lk; tUk;>

“ehyhtJ ngz; gps;is gpwe;jTld; eilf;fy;iy ,sf;fhtpl;lhy; khkDf;Ff;

nfLjy; cz;lhFk;” vd;gH.

Foe;ij gpwe;jTld; Gul;bg;NghLk; eilf;fy;iyr; rpy ehl;fs; fope;j

gpwF NrHj;Jg; NghLtJk; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. eilf;fy;iy

,sf;fpg; Nghl;bUf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; tutpUe;j nfLjy; tpyfpr; nrd;WtpLk; vd;Dk;

vjpHghHg;Ng ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

thapw;gbf;fy;iy khw;wpg; Nghl;lhy; Eioa te;j jPar;rf;jp jpUk;gp

XbtpLk; vd ek;Gk; epiy gpwtplj;J kf;fsplk; cs;sJ. ,we;jtHfs; njhy;iy

nfhLj;jhy; tPl;Lg;gbia khw;wp mikj;jYk; cz;L. ,yk;ghb ,dj;jhH>

,we;jtH jUk; njhy;iyapypUe;J jg;gpl NtnwhU topKiwiaf;

107
ifahSfpd;wdH. ,tHfsplk;> tpgj;jpy; ,we;jtH cliy tPl;L thapy;topf;

nfhz;L nry;yhky; Rthpy; xU gFjpia ,bj;J mjd;topf; nfhz;L nry;tJk;>

gpwF mt;topia milj;J tpLtJk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. top milgl;L

tpLtjdhy; Mtp jpUk;gpg; Ngha;tpLk; vd ,tHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. Nja; gpiwapd;

filrp Ie;J ehl;fspy; ,wg;gtH cliyAk;> Nkw;fz;l Kiwapy; nfhz;L

nry;y Ntz;LnkdTk;> ,y;iynadpy; ,we;jtH jd; tPl;lhH Itiuf; $l;br;

nrd;WtpLthH vd;Wk; rpy kf;fs; ek;gptUfpd;wdH. ,r;nray;fs; Mtp kw;Wk;

jPar; rf;jpfis vspjpy; Vkhw;wp tplyhnkdTk; jPikapidj; jtpHf;fyhnkd;Wk;

kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wikapidf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

ehyhtJ ngz;Foe;ij vd;wpy;yhJ rpj;jpiu el;rj;jpuj;jpy; ngz;

gpwe;jhYk; eilf;fy;iy ,sf;fpg; NghLtJ gpwhplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;

Fbf;F tutpUe;j NfL khwptpLk; vd ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. thapw;gbf;fy;iy

,sf;fpg; NghLtjw;Fg; gjpyhfj; jho;g;ghisf; fow;wp tPl;bd; Nky; NghLtJ

rpyhplj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F ,Uk;gpidf; fz;L nfl;l Mtpfs; XbtpLk;

vd vz;zpaJ fhuzkhfyhk;.

ehyhtJ ngz;gps;is tPl;lhUf;Fj; Jaiuf; nfhLj;jhYk;> mj;

Jauj;jpd; vjpnuhypahf> jhDk; Jd;gKw;whYk;> Gf;ffj;jpy; ed;F thOk; vd

NtshsH ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,jid> “ngz;gps;is ehyhtjhfg; gpwe;jhy; khg;gps;is

tPl;by; ey;y tho;f;if fpilf;Fk;” vDk; ek;gpf;ifahy; mwpayhk;.

Ie;jhtJ Foe;ij

Ie;jhtJ ngz; Foe;ijapidj; Fwpj;j ek;gpf;if>

NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ “mQ;rhtJ ngz; nfQ;rpdhYk;

108
fpilf;fhJ” vd mikAk; me;ek;gpf;if> Ie;jhtJ ngz;zpw;Fg; nghpaNjhH

rpwg;gpidf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ.

Ie;jhtjhfg; gpwf;Fk; Mz;Foe;ij Fwpj;j ek;gpf;ifAk; NtshsHfsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. “Mz;gps;is mQ;rhtjhfg; gpwe;jhy; fQ;rj;jdk; cilajha;

mikAk;” vd;w ek;gpf;if Ie;jhtJ Mz;gps;isapd; fQ;rj;jdj;ijg;

Gyg;gLj;Jtjha; cs;sJ. NkYk; fhHj;jpif el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwf;Fk;

gps;isfSk; fQ;rj;jdk; ngw;W mikAnkd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

MwhtJ Foe;ij

MwhtJ ngz;Foe;ij tpUk;gj;jfhjjha; NtshsHfshy;

fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; MwhtJ ngz;Foe;ij> ehyhtJ ngz; Foe;ij

Nghyy;yhJ ey;yNjh> jPaNjh Vw;gLj;Jk; vd ek;Gk; epiy cs;sJ.

NtshsHfs; MwhtJ gpwf;Fk; Mz;Foe;ijiar; rpwe;jjhff; fUJfpd;wdH.

,jid> ‘Mk;gpsg;gps;is Mwhtjhfg; gpwe;jhy; Mid fl;b thOk;’ vDk;

ek;gpf;ifahy; czuyhk;.

VohtJ Foe;ij

Ie;jhtJ ngz;Foe;ij Nghd;W VohtJ ngz;Foe;ijiaAk; Nghw;Wk;

epiy NtshsHfsplk; cs;sJ. ,tHfs; VohtJ ngz;gps;is epidg;gnjy;yhk;

elf;Fnkd ek;Gfpd;wdH. “VohtJ ngz; ,ue;jhYk; fpilf;fhJ” vDk;

ek;gpf;ifAk; NtshsHfsplk; cs;sJ. ,J VohtJ Foe;ij ngz;zhf

tha;j;jiyg; nghpa Ngwhf fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

109
vl;lhtJ Foe;ij

vl;lhtjhf gpwf;Fk; ngz;Foe;ij NtshsHfshy; kpfTk; ntWj;J

xJf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tHfs; vl;lhtJ ngz; Foe;ij> jd; tPl;lhUf;F kl;Lk;

vd;wpy;yhJ gpwUf;Fk; Jd;gk; juty;yJ vd ek;Gfpd;wdH. “vl;lhtJ gps;is

nghz;zh gpwe;jhy; tPL ntl;ilah NghFk;> vl;lhtJ nghk;gpsgps;is vl;bg;

ghHj;jhy; me;j ,lk; fl;l kz;Z MFk;” vd;Dk; ek;gpf;iffs; vl;lhtJ

ngz; nfhLf;Fk; tWikiaAk;> ntWikiaAk; ntspg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;wd.

Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; ehs;

Foe;ij ve;jf; fpoikapy; gpwe;jhYk; tuNtw;Fk; epiy NtshsHfsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; ehspy; mikAk; el;rj;jpuj;jpw;F Vw;g>

gyd;fs; $Wtdthf ek;gpf;iffs; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Foe;ijiag; ghHf;fr; nry;yy;

NtshsHfs; gpwe;j Foe;ijapidg; ghHf;fr; nry;tjw;Fj; jpq;fs;> Gjd;>

rdp Mfpa fpoikfisr; rpwe;j ehl;fshff; fUJfpd;wdH. Mdhy;

NtshsHfs; Foe;ij gpwe;j ehspy;> fpoik ghHf;fhJ Foe;ijiag; ghHf;fg;

NghtJz;L.

Nrid nfhLj;jy;

Foe;ij gpwe;j rpwpJ Neuj;jpy;> mjw;Fr; rHf;fiu fye;j ePiuf;

nfhLg;gJ tof;fkhFk;. ,J ‘Nrid nfhLj;jy;’ vdf; $wg;ngWk;. Foe;ij

gpwe;jgpd; Fwpg;gpl;l ehs; fopj;Jg; gpwe;jT+H kz;zpiz ePhpy; fye;J ‘Nridj;

jz;zp Cw;wy;’ vd;w ngahpy; rlq;fhf epfo;j;Jjy; gpw ,dj;jthplk; cs;sJ.

110
 NtshsHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Nrid ePNu Foe;ijapd; Kjy;

czthf mikfpd;wJ. ,jd; gpwNf jha;g;ghYk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Nrid

nfhLg;gJ ngz;zhapd;> mts; Rkq;fypaha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;

NtshsHfs; tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. ,jw;F> mkq;fypfs; mkq;fyj;ij cUthf;fp

tpLthHfs; vd;Wk; ek;Gfpd;wdH. my;yJ FLk;gj;jpy; KjpatHfshf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. mr;rNk fhuzkhFk;. Foe;ijf;Fg; gpwe;jTld;

nfhLf;fg;gLk; Nrid> ,wf;Fk; jUthapy; clk;gpypUe;J ntspNaWnkd

NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

njhl;by; fl;ly;

NtshsHfs; gpuhkzH Nghd;W njhl;by; fl;Ltij xU rlq;fhf

elj;Jtjpy;iy. Kjy; njhl;biy> ey;y ehSk;> NeuKk; ghHj;Nj fl;l

Ntz;Lnkd;W>

“ey;y Neuk; ehSk; ghHj;J

moFkzp njhl;by; fl;b

moFkzp njhl;bypNy

fz;Zwq;F fz;kzpNa”

vDk; jhyhl;Lg; ghly; thpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. NtshsHfsplk; Kjy;

njhl;biyr; nrt;tha;f;fpoikahff; fl;lf;$lhJ vdTk;. Mdhy; gpwe;j ehsd;W

fpoik ghHf;fhJ> njhl;by; fl;lyhnkd;Wk; ,Utpjkhff; fUJk; epiy

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. NtshsHfs; Foe;ijapd; Kjy; njhl;biy khkd; cLj;jpa

Ntl;biaf; nfhz;L fl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk;> xU tPl;by; ,U njhl;by;fisf;

fl;lf;$lhJ vd;gjpYk; xUkpj;j czHTilNahuha; tpsq;Ffpd;wdH.

111
cue;jhq;fy;

‘cue;jhq;fy;’ vd;gJ rpW Foe;ijf;F xU NehahFk;. ,jidg;

‘ghuhe;jhq;fy;’ vdTk; Fwpg;gpLtH. cue;jhq;fy; Vw;gl;l Foe;ij XahJ

mOJnfhz;bUf;Fk; njhl;by; fk;gpy;> ifia Cd;wpf;nfhz;L gps;isiag;

ghHj;jhy; ghHg;gtuJ ifaOj;jk; njhl;bypy; fplf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; Nkdpiaj;

jhf;Fk; vdTk; NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; Foe;ijf;F cue;jhq;fy;

Vw;gLnkd;Wk; fUJfpd;wdH. rpy Neuq;fspy; Foe;ij cliy xLf;fpf;nfhz;L

mOtjw;F cue;jhq;fNy fhuzk; vdTk; KbT nfhs;fpd;wdH.

njhl;by; fk;gpy; if Cd;Wjiyj;jtpu my;yhJ NtnwhU epiyapYk;

cue;jhq;fy; Vw;gLtJz;L. ,jid> “‘gps;isiaf; fplj;jptpl;Lf; ifia

mjw;F mg;Gwk; jhz;b itj;jpUe;jhy; gps;isf;F cue;jhq;fy; cz;lhFk;”

vd;gJk; NtshsHfsJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;. NtshsHfs; cue;jhq;fiy

khw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfisAk; ifahSfpd;wdH. “khkd; Kz;il ,UtH

,Ugf;fKk; J}f;fpg; gpbj;Jf;nfhs;s> mjpy; gps;isiag; Nghl;L cUl;bdhy;

cue;jhq;fy; khWk;” vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. khkd; cLj;jpg; Nghl;l

Kz;by; (Ntl;bapy;) njhl;by; fl;b> Foe;ijia mjpy; fplj;jpdhYk;

cue;jhq;fy; khwptpLnkd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

NtshsHfs; ‘gps;isiar; Rstpy; fplj;jp> ghf;Fl;b> Rz;zhk;Gf;fuz;lk;

itj;J ,wthhpapy; (Kwk;) caHj;jpj; jho;j;jp ‘,wq;F’ ‘,wq;F’ vd;why;

cue;jhq;fy; khWk;’ vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,jidtpl vspa Kiw xd;W

NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLtij> “gps;is Fspf;Fk; ePhpy; ghf;Fntl;b>

Rz;zhk;Gf; fuz;lk; Nghl;Lf; Fspg;ghl;bdhy; gps;isf;F cue;jhq;fy; khWk;”

112
vDk; ek;gpf;ifahy; mwpayhk;. ntWe;njhl;biy Ml;LtJ> njhl;bNyhL

njhlHGila Foe;ijiaAk; FYf;FtJ Nghd;wjhFk; vd NtshsHfs;

fUJfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; Foe;ijf;F tapw;Wtyp Vw;gl;LtpLnkdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

Foe;ijapd; Jzpfs;

Foe;ijapd; Jzpfs;> njhl;by; Jzp Mfpadf; Fwpj;Jk; NtshsHfsplk;

ek;gpf;iffs; cs;sd. 41- Mk; ehs; tiuapy; Foe;ijf;F nts;is epwkpy;yhj

NtW Jzpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; ,uj;jk; tj;jpg;NghFk; vdTk; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,J njhl;by; Jzpf;Fk; nghUe;Jtjhf cs;sJ. Foe;ijiaf;

fplj;jg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Jz;LJzp> ‘mztilj;Jzp’ vdg;gLk;. ehd;F khjk;

tiuapyhd gr;rpsk; Foe;ijia> ‘mztilg; gps;is’ vd NtshsH

Fwpg;gpLtJz;L. mztilj; Jzpfis eidj;J cyu ,Lk;NghJ KWf;fpg;

gpope;jhy; Foe;ij KWfp> KWfp mOk; vd;Wk; NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

mztilj; Jzpfis ntapypy; fhag; NghlhJ> epoypy; NghlNtz;Lnkd;Wk;>

gl;rp gwf;Fk; ,utpy; ntspNa Nghlf;$lhnjdTk; NtshsHfs; fUJfpd;wdH.

NtshsHfsplk; gl;rp Njhrk;> mjid ePf;fy; Fwpj;j ek;gpf;iffs; cs;sd.

Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;if

Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;iff; Fwpj;j ek;gpf;if NtshsHfsplk;

fhzKbtjpy;iy. Mdhy; ,tHfs; jhiag; Nghy; Mz; Foe;ijAk;>

je;ijiag; Nghyg; ngz;Foe;ijAk; Njhw;wj;jpy; miktJ ey;ynjd

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

Foe;ijapd; Nja;T

Foe;ijapd; Nja;T Fwpj;j ek;gpf;iffs; NtshsHfsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. “thhpay vLj;J ifapdhy; clNd gps;isia vLj;jhy;

113
Nja;e;JNghFk;” “fhy; Kl;bd; Nky; gps;isia itj;jhy; Nja;e;J NghFk;”>

“fstpd; Nky; ,Ue;J gps;is Jk;kpdhy; Nja;e;J NghFk;” vd;Dk; NtshsH

ek;gpf;iffs; Foe;ijapd; Nja;Tf;fhd fhuzq;fisf; $Wtdtha;

mike;Js;sd. “rpd;dg;gps;isfs; eil> RsTfspd; Nky; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ”

vd;w jil NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. eil> (thry; gb) RsTfspd;

Nky; mkHe;J Jk;Ktjhy; Foe;ijf;F Vw;gLk; Nja;it mfw;Wk; ghpfhuj;ijAk;

,tHfs; tho;tpy; filg;gpbf;fpd;wdH.

Foe;ijaplj;Jf; fz;zhb fhl;Ljiy NtshsHfs; jilahff;

nfhz;Ls;sdH. NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLk;> “xU taJf;F cl;gl;l

gps;isf;Ff; fz;zhb fhl;bdhy; Nja;e;J NghFk;” vDk; ek;gpf;if Nja;thfpa

tpistpid Fwpg;gpLtjhf cs;sJ. kw;nwhU ek;gpf;if> “xU taJf;F

cl;gl;l gps;isf;F fz;zhbiaf; fhl;bdhy; Cikahfg; NghFk; vd khWgl;l

tpisitf; fhl;Ltjha; cs;sJ. “gps;is jd; epoiyg; ghHf;fNth ghHj;Jg;

NgrNth nra;jhy; FWfpg;NghFk;” vDk; ek;gpf;ifAk; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.

Kb vLj;jYk; fhJ Fj;jYk;

,ul;il vz;iz ntWf;Fk; NtshsHfs;> Foe;ijf;F ,ul;il tajpy;

Kb vLg;gijAk;> fhJ Fj;jiyAk; jtpHf;fpd;wdH. Foe;ijf;F Xuhz;L

epiwTngw;W kW ehNs ,uz;lhk; taJ Muk;gpj;J tpLtjhff; nfhs;fpd;wdH.

Mdhy; xU taJ tiu Mz;Foe;ijfisf; NfhtpYf;Ff; nfhz;L

nry;tjw;Fk;> Foe;ijfSf;F jpUePW> re;jdk; G+Rtjw;Fk; jilfs; ,e;J

NtshsHfsplk; cs;sd. ,jdhy; Foe;ijf;F xd;whtJ taJ Kbe;j kW

ehs; KbvLj;J fhJk; Fj;jp tpLfpd;wdH. md;W Kb vLj;jiy elj;jj;

jtwpdhy; ,uz;lhk; taJ Kbe;j kWehs;jhd; elj;Jfpd;wdH. ,jid>

114
“gps;isf;F xU taJ Kbe;j mLj;j ehs; my;yJ ,uz;L taJ Kbe;j

mLj;jehs; jhd; Kb vLf;fyhk;> fhJ Fj;jyhk;” vDk; ekgpf;if top

mwpayhk;.

jiyg; gps;isfSf;Fj; jpUkzk;

kzkfDk;> kzkfSk; jiyg;gps;isfshf miktij NtshsHfs;

tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mt;thW mike;jhy; mtHfspy; xUtiu ,of;f NehpLnkd

mQ;Rfpd;wdH. ,jid> “jiyg;gps;isf;Fk; jiyg;gps;isf;Fk; fy;ahzk;

elj;jpdhy; jiyiaj; jl;bUk;” vDk; NtshsHfspd; ek;gpf;ifahy; mwpayhk;.

NtshsHfsplk; “jiyg;gps;isf;Fj; (Mz;> ngz;) ij khjk; fy;ahzk;

fopf;ff; $lhJ” vd;Dk; ek;gpf;if> fhzg;gLfpwJ. NtshsHfsplk; “tPl;bd;

Kjy; fy;ahzk; ij khrk; fopf;ff; $lhJ” vd;nwhU jilAk; cs;sJ.

,ul;il tajpy; jpUkzk;

NtshsHfs; Mz; gps;isfSf;F ,ul;il tajpy; jpUkzk;

nra;tpj;jiyj; jtpHf;fpd;wdH. ,ul;il tajpy; jpUkzk; nra;ag;gLk;

Mz;kfDf;F me;j taJ ,ul;bf;Fk; fhyj;Jr; rhT mike;JtpLk; vdf;

$wg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ,j;jifa mr;rk; kzkfs; Fwpj;Jf; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

,e;J NtshsHfsplk; toq;fg;gLk;> “khg;gps;is> ngz;zpd; xUtUf;F xw;iw

taJk; kw;nwhUtUf;F ,ul;il taJk; ,Ue;jhy; ey;y kztho;f;if

mikAk;” vDk; ek;gpf;if xUtUf;F ,ul;il taJ miktij mDkjpg;gjhf

tpsq;FfpwJ. NtshsHfsplk; “xU tPl;by; xNu tU\j;jpy; ,uz;L kzNkil

Nghlf; $lhJ” vDk; jilAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; xU tUlj;jpw;Fs;

mf;fh> jq;iffSf;Fj; jpUkzk; elj;jf; $lhJ vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. ,jw;F

115
‘,ul;il $lhJ’ vd;gNjhL> ,UtUf;Fk; xU tUlr; rPHrpwg;igr; nra;tJ

fbdkhfptpLk; vd;w vr;rhpf;if czHTk; fhuzkhFk;.

rhT – njhlHghdit

NtshsHfs; ,we;jtiu vhpg;gijg; ngUtof;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sdH. rhT

ele;j tPl;by; nra;ag;ngWk;> gr;irj; njd;id Xiyahy; ge;jyply;> ghil

fl;ly;> ,we;NjhUf;F tha;f;fhprp ,ly; Nghd;wit rhTj; njhlHghditahFk;.

rhT tUk; mwpFwp

jw;nrayhf epfOk; xU epfo;it ey;yjpw;fhd mwpFwpahf fUJtJ

kf;fs; ,ay;ghFk;. NtshsHfs; eha; jhdhf xU tPl;bw;F te;jhYk;> G+id

XahJ Foe;ij Nghd;W xyp vOg;gpdhYk;> ghy; fha;r;Rk;NghJ fhp tpOe;jhYk;>

rhg;gpLk;NghJ fhp fpilj;jhYk;> jhyp mWe;J NghdhYk; rhT tUk; vd

ek;Gfpd;wdH. taypy; kpfTk; nropg;ghf gapH tpise;jhy; mjidr; ‘rhTg; gapH’

vd;gH. ‘rhTg;gapH’ gpbj;jhYk; FLk;gj;jpy; rhT mikAk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH.

NtshsHfs; rhff;fplf;fpwtHfSf;Fr; rhT> mkhthir> ngsHzkp> m\;lkp>

etkp ehl;fspNyh mjid xl;bNah mikAk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. NtshsHfs;

Foe;ijg; NgWk; ,e;ehl;fspy; miktjhf ek;gp tUfpd;wdH.

caphpd; jLkhw;wk;

rhT gLf;ifapy; fplg;gth; rpyUf;F capH vspjpy; gphpahj epiy

Vw;gLtJz;L. me;Neuq;fspy; NtshsHfs; rhff; fplg;gtiu vz;nza;iaj;

Nja;j;Jf;Fspg;ghl;b vz;nza; fld;jPhj

; ;Njh> mth; ghrk; itj;jpUf;Fk; Mspd;

iffisf;fOtp me;ePiuf; Fbf;fitj;J ghrj;ijj; jPHj;Njh> tPL> tay;

Njhl;lj;J kzpfis cof;fpy; Nghl;L fiuj;Jf; nfhLj;J kz;zhir jPHj;Njh>

116
jq;fj;ij ciuj;Jf; nfhLj;Jg; nghd;dhir jPHj;Njh> gzg;ngl;bj; jpwT

NfhiyNah> igrhitNah Nghl;Lf; fOtpa ePiuf; nfhLj;Jg; gzj;jhir

jPHj;Njh vspjpy; capH gphpjw;F top tFg;gH.

,wf;fpd;wtiuf; fplj;jy;

,wf;fpd;wNghJk; ,we;j gpd;dUk; xUtiug; gLf;f itf;Fk; ,lk;

Fwpj;J ek;gpf;ifAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. “rPtk; Nghff;$ba Neuj;jpy; Misj;

jiuapy; fplj;jZk;. mjw;FKd; nrj;J tpl;lhy; mjd; gpwfhtJ jiuapy;

fplj;jZk;” vdf; fUJfpd;wdH. NtshsHfs; fl;bypy; fple;J rhfpwtHfs;

fl;biyr; Rke;J nfhz;Nl Nkhl;rj;jpw;F nry;tjhfTk;> mjdhy; mq;F

mtHfis Vw;fkhl;lhHfs; vdTk; ek;Gtjhy; ,we;jtiuj; jiuapy;

fplj;Jfpd;wdH. NtshsHfs; ,we;jtiu tlf;Nfjiy ,Uf;FkhW

fplj;Jtjpy;iy. Mdhy; tlf;Nf fhy;> njw;Nf jiy vd;wthW fplj;JtJtij

mDkjpf;fpd;wdH.

Jf;fk; Nfl;ly;

NtshsHfs; rhT tPl;bw;Fj; Jf;fk; tprhhpf;fr; nry;tjw;F QhapW

tpahof; fpoikfis chpa ehl;fshff; nfhs;fpd;wdH. rhT tPl;bypUe;J

jpUk;gpaJk; Fspj;J tpl;L tPl;bDs; nry;tJk; tof;fkhf cs;sJ.

,tHfsplj;J epr;rajhk;G+yk; Kbe;jgpwF kzkfs; tPl;lhH> jpUkzk; KbtJ

tiu rhT tPl;bw;Fr; nry;Yjy; jilahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

tpsf;nfhpj;jYk; Mtpapd; tUifAk;

NtshsHfs; rhT ele;j tPl;by; ,uT KOtJk; tpsf;if vhpatpLtH.

tpsf;iff; fhiyapy; mizf;Fk; NghJ mONj mizg;gH. rhT ele;j tPl;by;

117
vhpf;fg;gLk; tpsf;fpy; xw;iwahfj; jphp ,Ljy; Ntz;Lnkd;W NtshsHfs;

fUJfpd;wdH. rhT tPl;by; tpsf;Nfw;Wjypd; Njitapidg; “nghzq; nfle;j

%iyapy;> GJ tpsf;F Vj;jpUq;f – ehd;> nghz;zh nguz;lSf” vDk;

xg;ghhpg;ghly; thpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

NtshsHfs; rhT ele;j ehspd; es;sputpy; ,we;jthpd; Mtp tPL Njb

tUnkd ek;Gfpd;wdH. njUre;jpapy; gUg;GePiu xU rpul;ilapYk; (nfhl;lhq;fr;

rpapDk;)> jPia kw;nwhU rpul;ilapYk; itj;J fLifr; rpjwj; njspj;Jtpl;lhy;>

Mtp gUg;G ePiuf; Fbj;J tpl;L> fLifg; nghWf;fpa gpwF jPiaf; fz;L mQ;rp

Xb tpLk; vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,e;jr; nra;Kiw mbae;jpuj;jpd; Ke;ija

ehspYk; eilngWk;.

gjpdhwhk; ehs; rlq;F

rhT ele;j gj;J ehl;fSf;Fs; gjpdhwhk; ehs; rlq;F elj;Jtij

NtshsHfs; nfLjy; kpf;fjhff; fUJfpd;wdH. NtshsHfsplk; jha;khkDk;

gpwUk; Ntl;bAk;> Jz;Lk; nfhLg;gjhfNt cs;sJ. nfhs;spapl;ltUf;Fk; mtuJ

rNfhjuHfSf;Fk;> cwtpdH> Ntl;bAk;> Jz;Lk; mspg;gJk;> mtw;iwg;

ngWfpd;wtHfs; jhq;fNs jiyg;ghif fl;bf;nfhs;SjYk; gpwaplj;J kf;fsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ‘jiyf;fl;L fl;Ljy;’ vdf; $wg;ngWfpd;wJ.

mkq;fypfs; epiy

fztid ,oe;jts; xU tUl fhyk; gpw ,lq;fSf;Fr; nry;tij

NtshsHfs; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. xU tUlk; KbTw;wg; gpd;dUk; mkq;fypfs;

ey;y fhhpaq;fs; elf;Fkplj;jpy; xJq;fp ,Uj;jiyNa NtshsHfs;

tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. NtshsHfs; tpjitia xU jPar; rFdkhff; fUJfpd;wdH.

118
cly; cWg;Gfs; njhlHghdit

NtshsHfs;> kdpjH cly; cWg;Gf;fspd; mikTfis xl;b xUthpd;

FzeyDk;> tho;Tg; gyDk; mikAk; vd ek;gp tUfpd;wdH.

mfd;w new;wp

NtshsHfs; mfd;w new;wp cilatHfis ‘VW new;wpf;fhuHfs;’ vd;W

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. VW new;wp nfhz;ltHfisg; Gj;jprhypfshfTk;> Nahfk;

cilatHfshfTk; NtshsHfs; fUJfpd;wdH. khwhf NtshsHfsplk; VW

new;wpf;fhuHfs; nrhj;Jf;fis vy;yhk; ,oe;J tpLthHfs; vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk;

epyTfpwJ.

$l;Lg; GUtk;

,U GUtq;fSf;F ,ilNaAk; kapH mike;J tpsq;Fjy; xU rpyhplk;

kl;LNk fhzf;$bajhFk;. ,jidf; $l;Lg;GUtk; vd;gH. ,j;jifa mikit

NtshsHfs; rpwg;Gilajhff; fUJtjpy;iy. NtshsHfs;> $l;Lg;GUtk;

nfhz;Nlhuhy;> mtHfs; jha; je;ijiaUf;Ff; nfLjy; Vw;gLk; vd ek;GtNjhL

mtHfSf;F ,y;yw tho;T rpwg;ghf mikahJ vdTk; ek;GNthuha; cs;sdh;.

$l;Lg; GUtj;jhy; Mz;fSf;F MAs; FiwtjhfTk;> Nahfk; miktjhfTk;>

ngz;fSf;Nf nfLjy; Vw;gLtjhfTk; khWgl;L ek;gpLk; epiyfs; gpwaplj;J

kf;fspilNa cs;sd.

khWfz;

rpyUila fz;ghHit Neuhf mike;jpUf;fhJ. ,tHfs; xUtiug;

ghHj;jhy; NtnwhUtiug; ghHg;gJ Nghy; Njhw;wkspg;gH. khWgl;l ghHit

119
cila ,tHfis khWfz; cilatHfs; vd miog;gH. khWfz;

Nahfj;ijf; nfhz;ljhff; fUJk; epiy NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tOf;ifj; jiy

kuG fhuzkhfNth> cly;eyf; FiwtpdhNy jiyKb cjpHe;J Nghjy;

cz;L. ,t;thW Kb cjpHe;J mikAk; tOf;ifj; jiyia cilatHfSf;F

Nahfk; $LtjhfTk; mwptpy; Nkk;gl;ltHfshf tpsq;FtjhfTk; NtshsHfs;

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

gytpjr; nraw;ghLfs;

fhyhl;ly;> ey;nyz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; Fspj;jy;> Gj;jhil mzpjy;>

tlf;Fj; jpirapy; jiy itj;Jg; gLj;jy;> jiyaiz Nky; ,Uj;jy;>

nrt;tha;> nts;sp ehl;fspy; nray;gly; Mfpa gytpjr; nraw;ghLfs; Fwpj;j

ek;gpf;iffs; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

fhyhl;ly;

Ntiyaw;W ntWkNd ,Uf;Fk; NghJ fhiy Ml;bf; nfhz;bUj;jiy

NtshsHfs; ey;yjhff; nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,J Fwpj;j NtshsHfspd;

ek;gpf;iffs; ,U NtWgl;l tpisTfisf; nfhz;ldthf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

“fhiy Ml;bdhy; fld; tUk;” vd;Dk; ek;gpf;if nry;tf; Fiwghl;ilf;

$Wtjha; mika> “fhyhl;b tPl;by; thyhl;b jq;fhJ” vd;Dk; ek;gpf;if

khl;bd; ,og;igf; $Wtjhf cs;sJ. Ntshz;njhopy; GhpAk; NtshsHfSf;F

khLfSk; nry;tNk. khLfis ,og;gjhdy; nry;tk; Fiwe;J fld; Vw;glTk;

tha;g;Gs;sJ. khl;bd; cly; mirthy; tPl;bw;Ff; nfLjy; cz;lhFk; vdf;

$Wk; ek;gpf;iffs; cs;sikAk; ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. gpwtplj;J kf;fsplk;

120
fhzg;gLk;> “fhyhl;bapd;> tPL js;shbg; NghFk;” vDk; ek;gpf;if>

fhyhl;Ltjhy; tPl;bw;Ff; NfL tUk; vdf; $Wtjha; mike;Js;sJ.

ey;nyz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; Fspj;jy;

NtshsHfs; ey;nyz;nza; Njaj;;Jj; jiyKOfiy vy;yh ehl;fspYk;

nra;tjpy;iy. Mz;fSf;F rdp> Gjd; ehl;fSk;> ngz;fSf;Fr; nrt;tha;>

nts;sp ehl;fSk; ey;nyz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; Fspg;gjw;Fj; jFe;jdthf

tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk; Rkq;fypfs; ey;nyz;nza; Nja;j;Jj; jiyKOf;f

$lhj ehl;fshf jpq;fSk;> tpahoDk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. jpq;fl;fpoik

jiyKOfy; jpUkhq;fy;aj;jpw;Ff; Nfl;bid tpistpf;Fk; vdTk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

Qhapw;Wf;fpoik ey;nyz;nza; Nja;j;Jj; jiy KOFtjw;Fk; jil

cs;sJ. Mdhy; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik vz;nza;f; Fspay; clk;gpy; eha;Ks;

vDk; Nehia cUthf;Fk; vdTk;> ehfNjh\j;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vdTk;

NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. Qhapw;Wfpoik ey;nyz;nza; Nja;j;Jf; Fspf;f

Ntz;ba fl;lha epiy Vw;gbd;> rhzj;jiuapd; nghUf;Fj;Jz;L xd;wpid ,l;L

vz;nza; fha;r;rp me;j vz;nza;apidj; Nja;j;Jj; jiy KOfyhk; vd

NtshsHfs; fUJfpd;wdH.

NtshsHfsplj;J mkhthir> ngsHzkp> ehl;fspy; ey;nyz;nza;

Nja;j;Jf; Fspj;jYf;Fk; jil cs;sJ. vdpDk; mkhthir> ngsHzkpfs;

KiwNa jPghtsp> eapdhH Nehd;G Mfpa gz;bif ehl;fspy; mike;J

te;jhy;> Fspg;gjw;F chpa jil jhdhfNt tpyfptpLfpd;;wJ.

Gj;jhil mzpjy;

NtshsHfs; Gj;jhil mzpa Gjd;> tpahod;> nts;sp Mfpa ehl;fisr;

121
rpwe;jdthff; fUJfpd;wdH. rdpf;fpoik Gj;jhil mzpjy; Fwpj;Jg; gy;NtW

fUj;Jf;fs; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rdpf;fpoik GJj;Jzp vLj;jYk;>

cLj;jYk; jtnwd;Wk;> cLj;jNy $lhJ vdTk;> rdpf;fpoik GJj;Jzp

cLj;jhy; mjd; gpwF GJj;Jzp fpilf;fhJ vdTk;> rlq;F> rl;bghid njhLk;

tPLfspNyNa Gj;jhiliar; rdpf;fpoik mzpayhk; vdTk; rpyUf;Nf

rdpf;fpoik Gj;jhilmzpjy; ey;yjhFk; vdTk; ek;Gk; gy;NtW epiyfs;

NtshsHfsplk; cs;sd. ,tw;iw vy;yhk; xJf;fpLk; ghd;ikapy; “rdp

ngUf;fkhFk; mjdhy; ahUk; Nfhb cLf;fyhk;” vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk;

NtshsHfsplKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

NtshsHfsplk; nrt;tha;ff
; poik Gj;jhil vLg;gjw;Fk; jil cs;sJ.

,tHfs; Gj;jhilapidf; fpof;Fg; ghHj;J epd;W mzptijr; rpwe;jjhff;

fUJfpd;wdh;. efj;jpy; nts;isahf G+ tpOe;jhYk; tpahof;fpoik Nfhb

rPiy vLj;jhy;> cLj;jhYk; Nfhbr; rPiyiaj; jtWjyhf khw;wp cLj;jhYk;>

Nfhbr;rPiyapy; jtWjyhf jP gl;lhYk; kWNfhb FWfpa fhyj;jpy; fpilf;Fk;

vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

tlf;Fj; jpirapy; jiyitj;J gLj;jy;

NtshsHfsplk; tlf;Nf jiyitj;J gLg;gjw;F jil fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mwptpayhsHfSk; fhe;j <Hg;ghy; tlf;Nf jiyitj;J gLg;NghHf;Ff; nfLjy;

tUnkd $Wfpd;wdH25 NtshsHfsplk; tlf;Nf my;yJ fpof;Nf jiyitj;J

gLj;jiyAk; tpsf;Fk; epiy cs;sJ. NtshsHfsplk; njw;Nf jiyitj;J

gLj;jhy; jPuhj Jd;gk; jPUk; vdTk;> gpNujj;ij “njw;Nf jiy tlf;Nf fhy;

vd;W fplj;Jtjhy; kw;wtHfs; mt;thW gLf;ff;$lhJ” vdTk; ek;gpf;iffs;

cs;sikiaf; fhzKbfpwJ.

122
 newpKiwfisj; njhFj;Jf; $Wk; “Mrhuf;Nfhit fplf;Fk; fhy;

tlf;NfhL Nfhzk; jiy nra;ahH” vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. tlf;Fj; jpirAk;

jiyitj;J gLg;gjw;F jFe;jdty;y vd;gJ ,jdhy; ngwg;gLk; ek;gpf;if.

jd;D}hpy; fpof;fpDk;> maY}hpy; Nkw;fpYk;> tpUk;Gfpd;wtH cs;s Chpy;

njw;fpYk;> gifahs; Chpy; tlf;fpYk; jiy itj;J gLj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd vd;w

nra;jp GJikahf cs;sJ.

jiyaiz Nky; ,Uj;jy;

NtshsHfs;> jiyaiz Nky; ,Ug;gij mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. mt;thW

nra;jhy; nry;tk; ,wq;fptpLnkd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,e;ek;gpf;ifapd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F

mbg;gilahf gQ;R gwj;jy; miktNj ,ytkuk; tPl;by; epw;ff; $lhJ. “gQ;R

tPl;by; gwe;jhy; jhpj;jphpak; tUk;” vDk; NtshsHfspd; ek;gpf;ifia

czHj;JfpwJ. ‘,ytkuk;’ vd;gij Ntfkhfr; nrhy;Yk; NghJ ‘,oTkuk;’ vd

xypf;Fk; vd;gjdhy; tPl;bd; Kd; tsHf;ff;$lhJ vdg; gpwH fUJk; epiy

fhzg;gLfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpak; mwpFwpahf Fwpg;gpLk; cd;dkukhf

,ytkuj;ij c.Nt.rh. fUJtJk; ,q;F vz;zj;jf;fJ.

nray;ghl;bw;F jilahFk; ehl;fs;

NtshsHfs; nrt;tha;> nts;spf;fpoikfspy; rpy nray;fisg; Ghpjw;F

Kidtjpy;iy. nrt;tha;ff
; poik mkq;fy ehshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid

kq;fykhff; $Wk; nghUl;Nl kq;fy thuk; vd miof;fpd;wdH. ‘nrt;tha;

ntWk; tha;’> ‘nrt;tha; vJ nra;jhYk; jpUk;Gk;> vd;nwy;yhk; NtshsHfs;

ek;Gfpd;wdH. Rf;fpuhr;rhhpahH jLj;Jk; khtyp kd;dd; thkdUf;F %d;wb epyk;

123
nfhLj;J mope;jhd; vd;gjdhy; Rf;fpuDila ehshfpa nts;spf;fpoik

vjidAk; nfhLg;gjw;Fk;> gphpg;gjw;Fk; jil vOe;Js;sJ.

NtshsHfs; nrt;tha;> nts;sp ehl;fspy; clk;gpy; mzpe;jpUf;Fk;

khiy> tis Mfpatw;iwf; fow;Wtjpy;iy. ,e;ehl;fspy; kq;fyg;nghUl;fshd

jhyp> kQ;rs; Mfpad njhiye;J NghjiyAk jPajhff; fUJfpd;wdH. khjg;

gpwg;G ehl;fspy; khiy> tis fow;WtJk;> Rkq;fypfs; nghl;L ,lhJ

,Ug;gJk; NtshsHfsplj;J tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

nrt;tha;> nts;sp ehl;fspy; vjidAk; vjpypUe;Jk; gphpf;fyhfhJ vdf;

$Wtjhfg; gy;NtW ek;gpf;iffs; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;ehl;fspy; ney; tpiyf;Ff; nfhLg;gJTk;> ney;Fj;JtJk;> jtpL gpwUf;Ff;

nfhLg;gJk;> &gha; nfhLg;gJk;> tPl;by; ey;y fhhpaq;fSf;fhfg; Nghlg;gl;bUe;j

ge;jiyg; gphpg;gJTk;> ntspA+H nrd;W jq;FtJk;> mOf;Fj; Jzpfisr;

ryitf;F ,LtJk;> tPl;by; fz;zhb ciltJk;> njd;idapypUe;J Njq;fha;

gwpg;gJk; Mfpa midj;Jg; gphpTfSk;> ,og;GfSk; epfo;tJ ey;yjd;W vd

NtshsH fUJtijAk; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

gy;tif epkpj;jq;fs;

epkpj;jk; vd;gJ xUtUf;F tutpUf;Fk; ed;ik> jPikfis mwpTWj;Jk;

,ay;ghf vOfpd;w mwpFwpahFk;. epkpj;jk; rFdk; vdTk; toq;fg;ngWk;.

kzpNahirAk; rq;nfhypAk;

NtshsHfs;> vijahtJ epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ Nfhapy;

kzpNahir> rq;nfhyp Nghd;wtw;iwf; Nfl;gij ey;y rFdkhff; nfhs;fpd;wdH.

,jdhy; epidj;jr; nray; ele;NjWk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH.

124
Me;ij> $if xypfs;

NtshsHfsplk; Me;ijiaf; Fwpj;J Kuz;gl;l ek;gpf;iffs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tHfsplj;J Me;ijiag; ghHg;gJTk;> mjd; xypapidf;

Nfl;gJTk; nfLjy; vdTk;> Me;ijiag; ghHg;gJTk;> Me;ij xypiaf;

Nfl;gJTk; ey;ynjdTkhf ,U khWgl;l ek;gpf;iffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

$ifiaf; Fwpj;j mr;rk; rq;f fhyj;jpNyNa ,Ue;jikia> $if mywpdhy;

rhT tUk; vDk; GwehD}w;Wr; nra;jpahy; mwpayhk;.

tPl;by; ,Ue;J xyp vOg;gpf; nfLjy; nra;Ak; Me;ij> $iffis

tpul;Ljy; Fwpj;j ek;gpf;iffSk;> NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

‘rl;Ltj;ij mLg;gpy; NghL’ vd cuf;ff; $wpdhy; Me;ijAk;> $ifAk;

XbtpLnkd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,itfisj; Jilg;gf; fl;iliaj;

jiyfPohf khw;wpitj;Jk; Xl;l KbAk; vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

tPL> tay;fspy; caphpd tuT

NtshsHfs; tPL> tay;fSf;F kQ;rs; rhiug; ghk;Gk;> tPl;bDs;

ngz;G+idf; Fl;bAk; tUtij ey;ynjdf; fUJfpd;wdH. “G+id tPL Njb

te;jhy; jpUkzk; elf;Fk;” vd NtshsHfs; ek;GtijAk; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

tPl;bw;F mzpy; tUtij NtshsH ey;yjhff; fUJtijf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

,jw;Fr; rptd;> ,uhkd; MfpNahUld; mzpYf;Fs;s Guhz> ,jpfhr njhlHNg

fhuzkhFk;. NtshsH gr;ir ntl;Lf;fpspapd; tuitr; nropg;gpd; mwpFwpahff;

fUJfpd;wdH.

kQ;rs; rhiuapd; tuit ey;yjhff; fUJk; NtshsHfs;> ey;yghk;G>

taYf;Nfh tPl;bw;Nfh te;jhy;> tay; iftpl;Lg; NghFk;. tPL khwpg; Nghf

125
Ntz;baJ tUk; vd;nwy;yhk; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,jw;Fg; glnkLj;J MLk;

ey;yghk;G tay;> tPLfis Mlitj;JtpLk; vd ek;gpaNj fhuzkhFk;. ,e;j

mbg;gilapid itj;Nj NtshsHfs; “ey;y ghk;G tay; tPL te;J ehk; ghHf;f>

mJ glnkLj;J Mlf;$lhJ” vd MWjYk; nfhs;fpd;wdH.

NtshsHfs; ey;yghk;gpd; tuitg; NghyNt Mikapd; tuitAk; nfLjy;

juty;yjhf epidf;fpd;wdH. ,jpYk; NtshsHfs; nts;is Mik taypy;

te;jhy; jhd; tay; tpiy NghFk; vd MWjYk; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,jdhy;

ngUthhpahff; fhzg;gLk; fUj;j Mikahy; ghjpg;G ,y;iy vdj; Njw ,lk;

cz;lhfpwJ.

fhiyapy; Kjypy; ghHf;fj; jFe;jitAk; jfhjitAk;

Ntshshfs; fhiyapy; tpopj;J vOe;jTld; jd; if> kiy>

fz;zhbapy; Kfk; Mfpatw;iwg; ghHg;gij ey;ynjd vz;Zfpd;wdH.

NtshsHfsplk; fhiyapy; Kjd; Kjyhf NfhGuk;> jhkiu Mfpadtw;iwf;

fhZjiyAk; ey;yjhff; fUJk; epiy cs;sJ.

fhiyapy; rpy Ml;fspd; Kfj;jpy; tpopf;f NeHe;jhy; nfLjy; cz;lhFk;

vd;W NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. NtshsHfs;> rpyH fz;fspy; tpopj;jhy; md;W

fhhpak; vJTk; rhpahf elf;fhJ vdTk;> rpyH fz;fspy; tpopj;jhy; uj;jf;

Nfhiw Vw;gLk; vd;Wk;> rpyH fz;fspy; tpopj;jhy; Ntiy nra;J jPuhJ vdTk;>

rpyH fz;fspy; tpopj;jhy; gl;bdp fplf;f Ntz;baJ tUk; vdTk;> gythwhf

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

ey;y> jPar; rFdq;fs;

tPl;bypUe;J ntspNa ,wq;Fk; NghJ vjpNu tUk; Ms;> gpw caphpdk;

126
nfhz;L tug;gLk; nghUl;fs; Mfpadtw;wpw;F Vw;g ey;yjhfNth> jPajhfNth

gad;fs; xUtUf;F tpisAnkd ek;GtJ kdpjH ,ay;ghFk;. NtshsHfs;

jz;zPHf;Flk;> irf;fps;> fhH> mOf;Fr; rPiy> new;fjpHfl;L> tpyq;Ffs;> cg;G>

kPd;> ney;> eha;> nrz;gfk;> gR Mfpadtw;wpd; rFdq;fis ey;ydthff;

nfhs;fpd;wdH.

NtshsHfs; jdpahf tUk; gpuhkzH> Kg;GhpE}y; mzpe;J tUgth;>

ntz;zpw Mil cLj;j tpjitaH> ntSj;j mOf;F ePf;fpa Mil nfhz;L

tUgth;> mhprp> mty; nfhz;L tUgtHfs;> tpwF> kz;ntl;b> Nfhlhp>

itf;Nfhy;fl;L> rhzp> fhis tz;b> japH> vz;nza;> ntw;Wf;Flk;> vUik>

flh Mfpa vjpHg;Gfspy; nry;tijj; jPajhff; fUJfpd;wdH.

nts;is> mOf;Fr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;L tUgth; vjpNu Nghfyhk; vd;Wk;

nts;is> mOf;F vjd; vjphpYk; Nghfyhk; vdTk; fUJk; epiyAk;

NtshsHfsplj;J cs;sikiaf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.

jPaf; fhyk;

NtshsHfs; Nja;gpiw> fhpehs;> m\;lkp> etkp Mfpa ehl;fspy;

ey;y fhhpak; nra;ayhfhJ> taypy; tpij tpijf;ff; $lhJ vdf;

fUJfpd;wdH. Mdhy; NtshsHfs; m\;lkp> etkp> Nja;gpiw> fhpehs;

Mfpatw;wpy; VNjDk; mike;jpUe;jhYk; tpijf;fTk;> fd;W elTk;> rpj;jpiug;

gj;jhk; ehisr; rpwe;jjhff; nfhs;fpd;wdH. NtshsHfs; mkhthir ehspy;

ey;y fhhpak; nra;af; $lhnjd;Wk;> epiwe;j mkhthirahdhy;

nra;ayhnkd;Wk;> khWgl;l ek;gpf;iffisg; ngw;Ws;sdH. ,ijg; Nghd;W

“m\;lkp> etkp njhl;lhy; ehrk; tUk;” vDk; ek;gpf;ifAld; tsH gpiwapy;

127
tUk; m\;lkpapy; xU fhhpak; nra;jhy; rpyUf;F kpFe;j ed;ik cz;lhFk;

vd;w ek;gpf;ifiaAk; nfhz;Ls;sdH.

NtshsHfs; eha;> vypf;fbfSf;F Mshdth;fSf;F mkhthir>

ngsHzkp> m\;lk;> etkp Mfpa ehl;fs; jPaf; fhyq;fshf tpsq;Fnkdf;

fUJfpd;wdH. ,e;ehl;fspy; tplj;jpd; fLik $Ltjhf ek;Gfpd;wdH.

mkhthir Fwpj;j mr;rk; gpwtplj;J kf;fsplKk; cs;sikia> “mk;khthrpg;

NghapLr;rp – fz;Nz eP> mQ;r Ntz;lhk; xz;Zf;FNk” vDk; ehl;Lg;Gwg;

ghly; thpfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

fz;NzW fopj;jy;

fz;NzW vd;gJ fz; jpU\;b> fz;gLjy;> fz;NgW vd;nwy;yhk;

gythwhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. rpyH fz;fspYk;> ehtpYk;> jPa Mtpfs; miktjhf

ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifNahH mofhdtHfisNah> mofhdg; nghUl;fisNah

ghHj;jhYk; Gfo;e;jhYk; fz;NzW Vw;gl;LtpLtjhf ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ.

NtshsHfs; fz;glhJ fhg;gjw;Fk;> Vw;gl;l fz;Nziw khw;Wjw;Fk; rpy

cj;jpfisf; ifahSfpd;wdH. NtshsHfs; tPLfl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ

Nfhkhsp nra;J itj;jy;> nfhs;spf;fk;ghy; fz;NzW gl;ltH jiyiar;

Rw;wy;> gps;isfs; nghpatHfSf;Fr; rPdPf;fhuk; Rw;wpg; Nghly;> Rw;wpa #lidf;

nfhOj;Jjy; mjpy; jz;zPH njspj;J Nghl;L itj;jy;> QhapW> tpahod;

ehl;fspy; cg;G> kpsF> Gsp> fLF> Ntg;gpiy> gUj;jpf;nfhl;il> Kr;re;jpkz;

Mfpadtw;iwr; Rsfpy; itj;Jr; Rw;wpg; Nghly; vd;Dk; gy;NtW nray;fspdhy;

fz;Nziw khw;w Kay;fpd;wdH. NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLk;> kQ;rs;>

Rz;zhk;Gf;fiurypy; ntw;wpiy ,l;Lf; fz;NzWgl;lth; jiyiar;

Rw;wpg;NghLth;. ,jid Muj;jp vd;gH.

128
ke;jputhjk;

NtshsHfs; ke;juthjj;jpid ek;Gfpd;wdH. Vty;> nra;tpid> gpy;yp>

#dpak; Mfpatw;why; kdpjHf;Ff; nfLjiy cz;lhf;f KbAk; vd

ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,it xUthpd; nfl;l Neuj;jpy; kpFjpahd nfLjiyj; jUk;

vd;Wk; mkhthir ehl;fspy; ,tw;iwr; nra;jhy; fLikahdg; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk;

vdTk; NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

Vty;> nra;tpidfshy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfis ke;jputhjpapdhy;

khw;wptplKbAk; vd;W NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ke;jputhjj;jpdhy; xUtUf;F

Vw;gLk; NehiaAk; khw;wyhnkd NtshsHfs; fUJfpd;wdH. tha;Tg; gpbg;G

vd;w Nehia> musp> Nfhiu> capyq;fk;G Mfpaitfis itj;J ke;jpuk;

$wpAk; cyf;if> nrk;Gfis itj;J ke;jpuk; $wpAk; khw;whyhnkd

NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

gps;isahH topghL

jpUkz ehspd; ,utpy; ehyhk; ePH rlq;fpd; NghJ itf;Fk; Kjy; RUs;

(nkha;) gzj;ijg; gps;isahUf;F itj;Jtpl;Nl khg;gps;isf;F mspf;fpd;wdH.

kQ;rshYk;> re;jdj;jhYk;> khthYk;> gps;isahH gpbg;gJ NtshsHfsJ

tof;fkhFk;.

khHfop khjk; KOtJk; njUthrypy; Nfhykpl;L> mjd; eLtpy;

rhzg;gps;isahiu itj;J> gps;isahH Nky; Mz; G+rzpg;G+it itg;gJ

Ntshshpd; tof;fkhFk;. khHfop khjk; KOtJk; tPl;bd; khf;Nfhyk; Nghl;lhy;

kq;fyk; nropf;Fk; vd;Dk; ek;gpf;ifNa ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. NtshsHfSk;

khHfopf;Nfhyk; ,LtJz;L. khjq;fspy; rpwe;jjhfTk; tpoh khjkhfTk;

129
khHfopiaf; fUJfpd;wdH. tPl;bw;fhd m];jpthuf;fy;iyf; fd;dp %iyapy;

,Ljy;> taypy; fd;dp %iyapy; vU ,ly;> Kjypy; tpijj;jy; Mfpatw;wpYk;

NtshsHfs; ek;gpf;iff; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,q;F fd;dp %iyahfpa njd; Nkw;F

jpir gps;isahH tPw;wpUf;Fk; jpir vd;gJ ftdpf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

gyfhuk; RLk; Kd;G> gyfhuj;jw;Fhpa khthy; gps;isahH gpbj;J

mLg;gq;fiuapy; itj;Jtpl;Lg; gyfhuk; RLtJ NtshsHfspd; tof;fkhFk;.

“gyfhuk; RLKd; khtpy; gps;isahH gpbj;J itj;J Kjypy; Rl;L vLf;Fk;

gyfhuj;jpy; xd;Nwh %d;Nwh me;jg; gps;isahUf;F itj;jhy; vz;nza;

nghl;bj; njhpf;fhJ”. vDk; ek;gpf;iftop mwpayhk;. NkYk; NtshsHfsplk;

gyfhuk; rl;bapy; vz;iz Cw;WgtH tha;epiwa ePiu itj;Jf; nfhz;L

Cw;wpdhy; vz;iz Fbf;fhJ vd;w ek;gpf;if gpw r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l ed;ikia vjpHghHj;J ,iwtid Ntz;b NeHtJ>

rkaj;jpy; Kf;fpa ,lk; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. NtshsHfs;> Foe;ijg;NgW>

jpUkzk;> Neha;khw;wk; MfpaitfSf;fhf ,iwtdplj;J NeHtH. NtshsHfs;

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ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,tHfs; NfhapYf;F kuk;> nts;sp> jq;fk; Mfpatw;wpdhy; if

nra;J nfhLj;jhy; ifNeha; khWk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,tHfs; nts;spahw;

nra;j fz;izf;nfhLg;gjhf Nehpd; fz;Neha; khWk; vdTk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

Nfhapy;fspy; kuj;jpdhy; Md if> fhy;> Kfk;> Mfpa cWg;Gfis thq;fp

NghLjYk;> Nfhapypy;> Nehahspapd; cUtj;ijr; nra;J tpLtjhf NeHjYk;

NtshsHfsplj;J cs;sJ. epidf;Fk; fhhpak;> epiwNtwpd; Fwpg;gpl;l Nfhtpypy;

nkhl;il NghLtjhf NeHjYk; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

130
 Ntjfhyj;jpy; Kk;%Hj;jpfSf;Ff; fpilf;fhj rpwg;G> #hpa

re;jpuHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ehsiltpy; Kk;%Hj;jpfs; rpwg;gpidg;

ngw;wdH. ,tHfisr; rhHe;jpUg;Nghuhf #hpa re;jpuHfs; epiy jho;e;jdH. ,j;

jho;T epiyf;Fg; Guhzq;fNs fhuzq;fs; MFk;. re;jpudpy; fhzg;gLk; fUj;j

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epidf;fpd;whH. gpwtplj;J kf;fsplk;> Mbg; gpiwiaj; Njbg;ghU> ij

gpiwiaj; jltpg;ghU> khrpg; gpiwia kiwf;fhky; ghU vd NtshsHfisg;

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fhzKbfpd;wJ15.

tPL njhlHghdit

tPl;bd; mikg;G> ghy; fha;rR

; jy;> tPl;Lj; J}a;ik> tPl;Lf; fUtpfs;>

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NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

tPl;bd; mikg;G

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ey;y> jPa gyd;fs; Vw;gLnkd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ehl;Lg;Gwj;

nja;tq;fsplk; mr;rk; fye;j gf;jp cilatHfshf NtshsHfs;

131
tpsq;Ffpd;wdH. ,tHfs; fhsp kw;Wk; ehl;Lg;Gwj; nja;t Nfhtpy;fSf;F

vjpuhf tPL fl;bdhy; ey;y tho;f;if mikahJ vd mQ;Rfpd;wdH. tPl;bd;

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tho;f;if ghjpf;fhJ vd ek;Gfpd;wdH. ehl;Lg;Gwj; nja;tf;Nfhapy; xd;wpy;yhJ

ngUnewpf; Nfhapy; Mfpadtw;wpd; mUNf mikAk; tPLfSf;Fk; ghjpg;G

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jpz;iziatplj; jho;j;jpUj;jy; Ntz;LnkdTk; fUJfpd;wdH. tPl;bd;

tyJg;gf;fk; jhd; mLf;fis mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.

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132
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NtshsHfs; GdpjKilajhff; fUJfpd;wdH.

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fple;jhy;> NkYyfj;jhH mtw;iwf; Ftpj;J itj;J> mt;thW rhzePH

133
njspj;jtHfs; NkYyfk; nrd;wJk; cz;zf; nfhLg;ghHfs; vdTk; NtshsHfs;

ek;gp tUfpd;wdH.

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itf;fhJ ntspNa Nghl;lhy; nry;tk; ,wq;fptpLk; vd;Wk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

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nra;tij Kf;fpa fhuzkhf fUJfpd;wdH. vdpDk; NtshsHfspy;

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tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

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gf;fh> ehop> cof;F vd;Dk; msitf; fUtpfs; Fwpj;j ek;gpf;iffisf;

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134
jhf;fk; Fwpj;j mr;rNk> msitf; fUtpfisf; ftpo;j;J itf;fhikf;Fk;>

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nfhs;fpd;wdH. NjAk; ,ay;Gila mk;kp> ehopia – mjpy; msf;fg;gLk; ney;>

mhprpiaj; Nja itj;JtpLk; vd ek;gpaNj mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

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vLj;J fhl;Ltjw;NfahFk;. Mdhy; kzg;ngz; my;yhjtH mk;kpia kpjpg;gjw;F

NtshsHfsplk; jil cs;sJ. “mk;kp Nky; ,Ug;gJ $lhJ” vd;gJ kl;LNk

fpwp];jt NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ,e;J NtshsHfsplKk;

fhzg;gLtjhFk;.

135
cuy;

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vd;w mr;rTzHNt fhuzkhFk;. NtshsHfs;> Rkq;fypfs; cuypy; gpwH

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cyf;if Fwpj;j ek;gpf;iffSk; NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

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czT njhlHghdit

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NtshsHfsplk; mjpfkhf cs;sd.

136
ciyg; ghidapy; mhprpaply;

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mhprpNa th’ vd miog;gjhf Mfpd;wJ.

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cSe;ijj; jz;zPHpy; Cwitg;gJ tof;fkhFk;. jz;zPhpy; mhprpiaNah>

137
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tpl;Lf; nfhz;L ntl;Lg; Gypj; NjtH

td;dpaid ntl;bf; nfhd;whH”17

138
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mirt czT

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Kl;il> Njq;fha;> japH> NkhH> fwpNtg;gpiy> vz;nza;> fLF Mfpatw;iwg;

gpwUf;Ff; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. Nkhhpy; cg;gpl;Lf; nfhLf;fyhnkdTk;> cg;ig

thq;fptpl;L Nkhiuf; nfhLf;fyhnkdTk; NtshsHfs; fUJtijf;

fhzKbfpd;wJ. ciwtpl NkhH gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;jhy; nfhLf;fpwtUila

tPl;Lr; nry;tk; thq;fpr; nry;fpwtH tPl;Lf;Fg; Ngha;tpLnkd NtshsHfs;

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

139
taypy; cOjy;

NtshsHfNsh taypy; Kjy; ehs; kl;Lk; jiyg;ghif fl;bf; nfhz;L

cOfpd;wdH.

khjtpyf;Fg; ngz;bUk; Ntshz;ikAk;

khjtpyf;fhd ngz;fsplkpUe;J ntspahFk; FUjpiaj; ‘J}a;ik ePH’

vd;W miog;gJz;L. “J}a;ik” vd;w nrhy;iyr; rptthf;fpaH Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH.18

Foe;ij gpwg;gpw;Fk;> mj;J}a;ik ePiuf; fhuzkhf epidj;j fhyKk; ,Ue;jJ.

Kjpa Ntshz; ngz;kzpfs;> rpWtiur; nry;ykhfj; ‘J}a;ikf;Fg; gpwe;jtNd’

vdf; fbe;J nfhs;Sk; fhyKk; ,Ue;jJ. ,d;W J}a;ik ePH> Foe;ij

gpwg;gpw;Ff; fhuznkd;W vd kUj;Jt mwpT tsHr;rpapdhy; njspT

nfhz;likahy; mt;thW vtUk; $Wtjpy;iy.

khjtpyf;fhdtHfs; jdpahf ,Uj;jg;gLfpd;wdH. mtHfs; nrd;w-

tplnky;yhk; rhzePH njspj;Jj; J}a;ikahf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gpwH mtHfisj;

njhl;lhYk; jPl;L gw;wpf; nfhs;Snkd ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. khjtpyf;fhd ehd;fhk;

ehs; ePuhba gpwNf jPl;L khWnkdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. cg;Gf; fye;j gioa

rhj ePH jPl;bid khw;Wnkd ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. khjtpyf;F ngz;zpd; jPl;Lf;

Fwpj;J mr;rk; gytplj;J kf;fsplKk; cs;sJ. ‘gpisdp’ khjtpyf;fhd ngz;>

jhdpaj;jpd; mUNf nrd;why; jhdpak; tpijg;gjw;F cjthJ vdTk;> mjd;

Kisf;Fk; rf;jpNa Ngha;tpLk; vdTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. NkYk; nrbfs; thb

tpLnkdTk;> kuj;jbapy; mts; ,Ue;jhy; gok; gOf;Fk; Kd;

tpOe;JtpLnkdTk;> NjdPf;fisg; ghHj;Jtpl;lhy; mit ,we;J tpLnkdTk;>

mts; Nkdpf;fhw;W gl;lhy; ,Uk;G JUg;gpbj;J tpLnkd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdH. gpNurH>

khjtpyf;F te;j ngz; Ntl;ilf;fhuidj; njhl;L tpl;lhy; Ntl;ilapy;

140
tpyq;Nfh> kPNdh> fpilf;fhJ vdTk;> G+ kuq;fs; mUNf mts; nrd;why; kuk;

gl;LtpLnkdTk;> Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH.19

khjtpyf;F Mdtspd; jPl;L Ntshz;ikiaAk; ghjpf;Fk; vd

ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. khjtpyf;F te;jtHfs; tpj;J> ney; mUNf nrd;why; ney;

Kis tplhJ vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. khjtpyf;fhd ngz;fs; Nuh[h>

Ky;iy> ehHj;ij> vYkpr;ir> fUNtg;gpiy> thiofspd; mUfpy; nrd;why;

mit gl;Lg; Ngha;tpLk; vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. Mdhy; mr;nrbfis

khjtpyf;F te;j ngz; el;L itg;gjhapd; mjd; gpwF mit jPl;lhy; thlhJ

vd ek;Gk; epiy NtshsHfsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

khjtpyf;F te;j ngz; Foe;ijia vLj;jhy; Foe;ijf;Fr; nrbf;Fj;jk;

vd;w Neha; tUk; vdTk;> gpwe;jTld; khjtpyf;fhdts; vLj;Jtpl;lhy; mjd;

gpwF me;jg; gps;isf;F khjtpyf;Ff;fhhpfshy; nrbf;Fj;jk; Vw;glhJ vdTk;

NtshsHfs; ek;GtJ ,q;F vz;zj;jf;fjhFk;. Ntshz; njhopYf;Fj; Jiz

epw;gd khLfshFk;. mjdhy; NtshsHfs; khLfis tsHj;J gad;

mile;jdH. khjtpyf;Ff;fhhpfs; khLfs; fl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; khl;Lj; njhOtpw;Fg;

Nghdhy; khl;Lz;zp ngUfptpLk; vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

el;rj;jpuk; rhHe;j ek;gpf;if

el;rj;jpuq;fs; 27 MFk;. mjpy; xU rpy el;rj;jpuq;fspy; Foe;ijfs;

gpwe;jhy; fPof;;fz;lthW ek;Gfpd;wdH.

guzp

‘guzpapy; gpwe;jhy; juzp Ms;thd;’ vd;w gonkhopapd; %yk; guzp

el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Mz; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; cyfj;ij MSk; jiyikg;

141
gz;Gilatdhf tpsq;Fthd; vd;w ek;gpf;if ,e;J kf;fspilNa

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Nuhfpzp

Nuhfpzp el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; mJ Mzhf ,Ue;jhYk;>

ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhYk; jha;khkd; capUf;F jPq;F Vw;gLk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

G+rk;

Mz; G+rk; murhSk; ngz; G+rk; G+rp fkj;Jk;> Mz; Foe;ij

G+r el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; nry;thf;NfhL jpfOk; vdTk;> ngz; Foe;ij

gpwe;jhy; jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF Jd;gg;gLk; vd;Wk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

Mapy;ak;

‘Mapy;ak; mfyf; fl;Lk;’ Mapy;a el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy;

mlk; gpbf;Fk; vd;Wk;> jpUkzk; Kbj;j tPl;by; jhNd KO M];jpiag; ngWk;

vd;Wk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

kfk;

‘kfk; [fk; MSk;’ kfk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; jiyikg;

gz;igg; ngw;W tpsq;Fk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ. Foe;ij fWg;ghf ,Ue;jhy;

mjpH\;lk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

cj;jpuk;

‘cj;jpuk; gpwe;jhy; gj;jpuk; gwpNghFk;’ vd;gjw;Nfw;g cj;jpu

el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; ngw;Nwhhplk; ,Ue;J epyNkh> tPNlh ifia

tpl;L NghFk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

142
rpj;jpiu

rpj;jpiu mg;gd; njUtpNy vd;gjw;Nfw;g rpj;jpiu el;rj;jpuk; gw;wpa gak;

NtshsHfspilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpj;jpiu el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy;

mg;ghtpw;F MfhJ vd;Wk;> FLk;gk; Jd;g epiyikf;Fj; js;sg;gLk; vd;Wk;

ek;gpf;iff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. nghJthf ve;j el;rj;jpukhdhYk; rpj;jpiukhjk;

Foe;ij gpwg;gijNa ,e;Jf;fs; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.

Rthjp

“Rthjp Nrhjpf;Fk;” – Rthjp el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; gy

Nrhjidfs; tUk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

Nfl;il

“nfl;l Fbf;F Nfl;il” Nfl;il el;rj;jpuf; Foe;ij tWikahd

FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; nry;tr; nropg;G Vw;gLk; vd;Wk;> nropg;ghd tPl;by;

gpwe;jhy; tWik epiy Vw;gLk; vd;Wk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

jpUNthzk;

“jpUNthzk; gpwe;jhy; kW Xzk; ,y;iy” jpUNthz el;rj;jpuj;jpy;

Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jhy; kWtUl Xzj;jpw;F Kd;G tPl;by; ahuhtJ xUtH ,we;J

tpLtH vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

mtpl;lk;

“mtpl;lk; jtpl;Lg; ghidnay;yhk; jq;fk;” mtpl;l el;rj;jpuj;jpy;

Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jhy; tWik xope;J tsg;gkhd tho;T tUk; vd;Wk;

njhl;lnjy;yhk; Jyq;Fk; vd;Wk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

143
rjak;

“rjak; rijr;R thOk;” rja el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jhy;

mf;Foe;ijfs; tWik epiyapy; ,Ug;gH. nry;tk; ,Ue;jhy; VjhtJ xU

NehAld; NghuhLtH.

cj;jpuhlk;

“cj;jpuhlk; gpwe;jhy; Cub tay; thq;FtH” cj;jpuhlk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy;

Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; CH gf;fj;jpy; cs;s tay; thq;FtH vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

%yk;

%yk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; khg;gps;is mike;jhy; “%yj;J khkpahH

Kj;jj;jpNy’ vd;W $WtH. mjhtJ ngz;zpd; ngw;Nwhhpy; ahuhtJ xUtH

,we;JtpLtH vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ. %yk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;j MZk;> ngz;Zk;

xNu tPl;by; ,Ue;jhy; Jd;gk; Vw;gLk; vd;Wk;> %yk; khg;gps;is mikQ;rh

Kj;jj;J khkpahiu %iyapy; itg;ghd; ,y;y ghilapy; Nghf itg;ghd;

vd;Wk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ. “Mz;%yk; murhSk; ngz;%yk; epH%yk;” vd;w

gonkhopAk; kf;fspilNa epyTfpwJ. Mz; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; jiyik Vw;W

elj;Jk; jd;ikAk;> ngz;Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; FLk;gNk erpe;J NghFk; epiyAk;

Vw;gLk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

gazk; rhHe;j ek;gpf;iffs;

kdpjHfs; jq;fs; Njitfis epiwT nra;jw;nghUl;L gazq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;wdH. kdpjidAk;> gazj;ijAk; gphpf;f ,ayhJ. kdpj

tho;f;ifahdJ rpwg;gpypUe;J ,wg;ig Nehf;fp gazk; nra;fpwJ. mtHfs;

,lk; ngaHe;J nry;tijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdH.

144
 fhiyapy; vOe;J jd; flikfisr; nra;aj; njhlq;FtjpypUe;J ,uT

gLf;iff;Fr; nry;Yk; tiu kdpjd; gazk; njhlH fijahfNt mikfpwJ.

jd; flikfis epiwNtw;wy; fy;tpfw;wy;> gzp nra;jy; Rw;Wyhr; nry;Yjy;

Kjypatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; kdpjdpd; gazq;fs; mikfpd;wd. fhfkhdJ jd;

$l;bypUe;J ntspNa gwe;J fiue;J gpwF jhd; NtshsHfs; gazj;jpw;fhf

,wq;Ffpd;wdH. Nga;> Mtp Fwpj;j mr;rNk mjw;Fk; fhuzk; Mfyhk;.

NtshsHfs; ve;j Neuq;fspy; gazk; nry;Yjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk;

ek;gpf;iff; nfhz;Ls;sdH. mjpfhiyapy; fhfk; fiue;j gpd;Ng gazk; nry;y

njhlq;FtH. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; Mtp> Nga; Mfpait Fwpj;j gakhf$l

,Uf;fyhk;. NtshsH ngz;fs; mjpfhiyapy; njUthry; njspj;j gpd;Ng

tPl;bYs;NshH ntspNa nry;y mDkjpf;fpd;wdH. jhq;fs; xU nraiyg; gw;wp

NgRk; NghJ nfTsp mbj;jy; (gy;yp rg;jk; nra;jy;) ey;yJ vd NtshsH

epidg;gH. ,jidNa mfehD}w;Wg; ghlYk; $WfpwJ.

“ikay; nfhz;l kjdjop ,Uf;ifas;

gLtha;g; gy;yp gLnjhWk; gutp

ey;y$W vd eLq;fp”20

fhjy; kpFjpahy; typikAw;wpug;gts;> gpse;j thiaAila gy;yp nrhy;Yk;

Nghnjy;yhk; tzq;fp ey;yJ nrhy; vd;W eLq;fp Ntz;Ltjhf ghly; thp

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

NtshsHfs; gazk; nry;Yk; NghJ cg;G tpahghhpapd; vjpHg;ig ey;y

rFdkhff; fUJfpd;wdH. Vnddpy; cg;G nry;tj;jpd; milahskhFk;> kPd;

kw;Wk; fUthL nfhz;L tUgthpd; vjpHg;Gk; ey;y rFdkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

Vnddpy; kPd; jpUkhypd; mtjhuj;jpy; xd;whf ,Ug;gJk; xU fhuzk; MFk;.

145
ew;nrhy; Nfl;ly;

ew;nrhy; Nfl;ly; nra;Aspy; “tphpr;rp Nfl;ly;” vd;w ngauhy;

miof;fg;gLfpwJ. VjhtJ xU nraiy epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNjh

my;yJ xU ,lj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; NghNjh ey;y thHj;ijiaf; Nfl;lhy; me;jr;

nray; ntw;wpngWk; vd NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,jidNa ew;wpizg;

ghlYk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

Fwpj;j gUtj;jpy; tUNtd; vd;w jiytd; gUtk; te;Jk; tutpy;iy

mjdhy; tUj;jKw;whs; jiytp. NjWjy; $Wfpwhs; Njhop. mg;NghJ gf;fj;J

tPl;by; NtnwhU ngz; ‘,g;NghNj tUthd;’ vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;L kfpo;rr

; pf;

nfhz;lhs; vd;W Nkw;fz;l ghly;thp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

gazj;jpw;F jfhj ehl;fSk;> Neuq;fSk;

kd;dHfs; goq;fhyj;jpy; NghH njhlq;Fk; Kd; ey;y ehspy; jk;

ntz;nfhw;w FiliaAk; thSk; NghHKfk; Nehf;fp vLg;gH. NkYk;

njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpg;gpLk; ey;y ehl;fspNyNa jpUkzk; nra;jy;> VH cOjy;>

tpij tpijj;jy;> mWtil nra;jy; Mfpatw;iwr; nra;jdH.

“ehs; md;W Nghfpg; Gs; ,il jl;gg;

gjtp md;WGf;Fj; jpwd; md;W nkhopapYk;

mwpJ ngaHFeH my;yH newpnfhsg;

ghL Md;W ,uq;Fk; mUtpg;

gPL nfO kiyad; ghbNahNu”21

vd;w GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; thpAk; ehs; ghHf;Fk; tof;fKk; jkpohpilNa

,Ue;jij czHj;Jfpd;wJ. ghlypd; nghUs; mUtp tpOk; ehl;il cila

kiyakhd; jpUKbf; fhspiag; Gfo;e;J ghbr; nrd;w GytHfs; ghpR ngWtJ

146
cWjp vd;gjhFk;. nfl;l ehspy; nrd;whYk; ghpR epr;rak; vd;W $WfpwJ.

,jidNa NtshsHfSk; rpy ehl;fisg; gazj;jpy; jfhjJ vd;W

xJf;Ffpd;wdH. mijAk; kPwpr; nrd;why; epidj;j fhhpak; ntw;wp ngwhJ

vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

gz;bif ehl;fs;

nghq;fy;> jPghtsp> jpUf;fhHj;jpif Nghd;w gz;biffisf; nfhz;lhLk;

NtshsHfs; md;W tPl;il G+l;bf; nfhz;L ntspNa nry;tij tpUk;Gtjpy;iy.

Kjy; Njjp

khjg;gpwg;gd;W gazk; nry;tjpy;iy. Vnddpy; me;j khjk; KOtJk;

miyr;ry; kpFjpahf ,Uf;Fnkd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. md;W kUj;Jt kidf;Fk;

nry;tjpy;iy. nrd;why; khjk; KOtJk; Neha; Vw;gl;L kUj;Jtkidf;Fr;

nry;y NehpLk; vd;W ek;GtNj fhuzkhFk;.

m\;lkp

xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU jpjpiaf; nfhz;lJ. NtshsHfs; m\;lkp

jpjp ehspy; gazk; Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;tjpy;iy. mt;thW nrd;whYk; nray;

epiwNtwhJ vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

etkp

m\;lkp mLj;J tUk; etkp ehspYk; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy.

rdpf;fpoik

rdpg;ngUf;fk; vd;w ek;gpf;if NtshsH kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Mdhy; rdpad;W fpof;Fjpir Nehf;fp gazk; nry;tjpy;iy. Mdhy;

fHg;gzpfisg; ghHg;gjw;F nry;Yk; cfe;j ehshff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

147
Neuq;fs;

nghJthfg; gazq;fs; nry;tjw;F ey;y ehs; ghHf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W

$WtH. me;j ey;yehspYk; $l ,uhFfhyk;> vkfz;lk; ghHj;Jr; nry;y

Ntz;Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;if NtshsHfspilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ.

cilgw;wpa ek;gpf;if

NtshsH ntspNa nry;Yk; NghJ cLj;j Jzp mtpo;e;J tpl;lhYk;

fHr;rg
P ; my;yJ Njhs; Jz;L fise;J tpl;lhYk; mjidr; rFdj;jilahfNt

vz;ZtH.

eha; kw;Wk; G+idapd; rg;jk;

NtshsHfs; eha; njhlHe;J CisapLtijj; jPa rFdkhfNt

fUJfpd;wdH. NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;l tPl;bd; Kd;G ,uT Neuj;jpy; eha;

CisapLkhdhy; me;j tPl;by; kuzk; Vw;gLk; vd;w ek;gpf;if mtHfspilNa

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,ijg; Nghd;Nw G+idapd; mOFuy; kw;Wk; Me;ijapd; mywy;

jParFdkhfNt fUjg;gLfpwJ.

G+D}y; mzpe;jtH

NtshsHfs; G+D}y; mzpe;j Mrhhp> ctr;rH> IaH Nghd;NwhH

vjpNu te;jhy; jPa rFdkhfNt fUJtH. khwhf G+D}y; mzpe;j (me;jzH)

IaH (NtjpaH) vjpNu te;jhy; mij ey;y rFdkhfNt vz;ZtH.

njUeilapy; jz;zPH njspj;jy;

Ntshsg; ngz;fs; mjpfhiyapy; tpopj;jTld; thry; ngUf;fp ePH

njspe;J> Nfhykpl;L kfhny\;kpia tuNtw;fpd;wdH. jq;fs; tPl;bypUe;J

148
vtNuDk; gazk; nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jhy; thrypy; ePH njspj;j gpd;dNu

gazj;jpw;F mDkjpf;fpd;wdH.

xypfs;

NtshsHfs; gazj;jpw;fhf ,wq;Ffpd;wNtisapy; vq;fpUe;Njh vjpHghuhj

tpjkhf kzpnahyp Nfl;ly;> tpyq;FfSk; gwitfSk; xyp vOg;Gjy;

Mfpatw;iwr; rpwe;j rFdq;fshff; fUJfpd;wdH.

eha; nrtpabf;Fk; xyp

eha;> tPl;by; tsHf;fg;gLk; nry;yg;gpuhzp ed;wpAs;s kpUfKk; $l.

ehiar; rh];jh vd;w ngahpy; kjpg;NghUk; cz;L. gazj;jpw;F ,wq;Fk; NghJ

eha; fhjbj;jhy; ey;y rFdk; vdf; fUjpLk; epiy kf;fsplj;J cs;sJ. eha;

fhjbf;Fk; rj;jk; mUtUg;igj; jUtjhfTk; mjdhy; mJ ey;y rFdk; my;y

vd;W fUJNthUk; cs;sdH.

gy;tif tpyq;F gwitfs;

NtshsHfs; gazj;jpw;fhfg; Gwg;gLfpd;w nghOJ tpyq;Ffshd vUik

gd;wp> Fuq;F> ehp> eha;> fPhpg;gps;is> ML Kjypait Nghfpd;wtUf;F

,lg;gf;fj;jpypUe;J tyg;gf;fkhf nry;tJTk; ew;Fzkha; ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

jhAk; Foe;ijAk;

NtshsHfs; gazj;jpw;fhf ,wq;Fk; nghOJ jhAk;> Foe;ijAk; NrHe;J

tUfpd;w vjpHg;gpy; nrd;why; mij ey;y rFdkhff; nfhs;tH.

fd;Wld; tUk; gR vjpHg;G

gR ,e;Jf;fSf;Fg; GdpjkhdJ. ,J Nfhkhjh vd;W mtHfshy;

149
Nghw;wg;gLk;. tzq;fg;gl;Lk; tUfpwJ. tPl;by; tsHf;fg;gLk; fhy;eilfspy;

gR fhy;eilr; nry;tkhf fUjg;gl;L tUfpwJ. gRkhL jdpj;Jk;> jdJ

fd;WlDk; vjpHtUjy; gazg;gLNthUf;F ey;y rFdkhFk;. mtHfs; vz;zpr;

nry;Yfpd;w fhhpaKk; eilngWk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH.

Jk;ky;

Jk;kyhdJ vjpHghuhjtpjkhf tUtjw;Fk; NtshsHfs; rpy

ek;gpf;iffisf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. rpW Foe;ijfs; Jk;kpdhy; ‘E}W’ vd;W

tho;j;JtH. Jk;Kfpd;wtiu mtuJ cwtpdH epidg;gjhfTk; fUJtH. VNjDk;

Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; xUtH Jk;kpdhy; mJ gypj;J tpLtjhf ek;Gk;

epiyAk; cs;sJ. mtHfs; gazj;jpw;fhfg; Gwg;gLfpd;w Ntisapy; vtNuDk;

Jk;kpdhy; mjidg; gazj;jilahfNt fUJfpd;wdH.

jPa thHj;ij

NtshsHfs; gazk; Gwg;gl;L ,wq;Ffpd;w Ntisapy; ‘rdpaNd’ vd;gd

Nghd;w jPa thHj;ijfs; fhjpy; tpo NeHe;jhy; mjid mgrFzkhf

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

Njq;fha; fjk;igAld; tUgtH

NtshsHfs; gazk; Gwg;gl;L ,wq;Ffpd;w nghOJ Njq;fha; fjk;ig

nfhz;L tUfpd;wtHfspd; vjpNu nry;Ytjpy;iy. mJTk; rhTr;rlq;fpy;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpwFld; tUgtH

NtshsHfs; czTg; nghUisf; #LgLj;Jtjw;F tpwifNa

nghpJk; gad;gLj;jp te;jdH. ntspNa Gwg;gLfpd;w nghOJ tpwF nfhz;L

150
tUgthpd; vjpNu nry;tjpy;iy. mg;gbr; nrd;why; jhq;fs; epidj;Jr; nry;fpd;w

fhhpak; eilngWtjpy;iy vdf; fUJtNjhL rhT te;J tPLnkdTk;

mQ;Rfpd;wdH.

kz;nzd;nza;Ald; tUgtH

NtshsHfs; gazk; Gwg;gl;L ,wq;Ffpd;w Ntisapy; kz;nzz;nza;

nfhz;L tUfpd;wthpd; vjpNu nry;tjpy;iy.

vz;nza; thzpad;

NtshsHfs; tPl;bypUe;J Gwg;gLfpd;w nghOJ vz;nza; nfhz;L

tUfpd;w thzpadpd; vjpHg;gpy; nry;tjpy;iy. mjidr; rFdj; jilahff;

fUJfpd;wdH.

ghk;Gfs; gpize;J fplj;jy;

NtshsHfs; gazk; nra;fpd;w nghOJ ghk;Gfs; MZk;> ngz;Zkhf

gpize;J fplg;gijf; fz;lhy; jq;fSf;F ed;ik Vw;gLtjhf ek;Gfpd;wdH.

jq;fYk;> kWgazKk;

NtshsHfs; gazk; Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W gpw tPLfspy; jq;Fjy; Fwpj;Jk;>

kPz;Lk; Gwg;gLjy; Fwpj;Jk; ek;gpf;iffs; gytw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sdH.

,uT jq;fhik

NtshsHfs; cwtpdH tPLfSf;Fr; nry;Yk; nghOJ ve;nje;j ehl;fspy;

,uT Neuk; jq;Fjy; $lhJ vdg; gy;NtW ek;gpf;iffis itj;Js;sdH.

151
vz;iza; Fspj;jy;

NtshsHfs; vz;iza; Nja;j;J Fspj;j md;W cwtpdH tPLfSf;Fr;

nrd;why; ,uT jq;fhky; jq;fs; tPLfSf;Fj; jpUk;gp tpLfpd;wdH.

GJkhg;gpis

NtshsH jpUkzj;jpw;fhd epr;rak; Kbe;jjpypUe;J jpUkzk; MFk; tiu

ntspA+H nrd;W jq;Ftjpy;iy.

me;jp Neuj;jpy; Gwg;gly;

NtshsHfs; jq;fs; tPl;bw;F tUfpd;w tpUe;jpdHfis tpsf;F itf;Fk;

me;jp Neuj;jpy; Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;y mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. Vnddpy; jq;fs; tPl;L

nry;tk; mtHfNshL nrd;WtpLk; vd;W vz;Zfpd;wdH. vdNt tpsf;F Vw;wpa

gpd;dH rpwpJ Neuk; fopj;Nj jq;fs; tPl;il tpl;L mDg;Gfpd;wdH.

ge;jpapy; rhg;gpLk; NghJ

NtshsHfs; tpNr\ tPLfspy; ge;jp elf;Fk; NghJ ghjpapy;

Gwg;gLtjpy;iy.

Jf;ftPl;bypUe;J Gwg;gly;

NtshsHfs; cwtpdH ,we;J tpl;lhy; mq;Fr; nrd;W jq;Ffpd;wdH.

mbae;jpuk; fope;j gpd;Ng jq;fs; tPL tUtH. mt;thW tUk; NghJ ehs;

ghHg;gjpy;iy. md;W Gwg;gl tpy;iynadpy; m\;lkp etkp ,y;yhj ehspNyNa

tpilngWtH. NkYk; Jf;f tPLfspy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gLk; NghJ tpil

ngWtjpy;iy. Ngha; tUfpd;Nwd; vdr; nrhy;yhkNy Gwg;gl;LtpLth;. Vnddpy;

152
NkYk; ,oT Vw;gLk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdh;. ,Nj ek;gpf;if kUj;Jtkidf;Fr;

nry;Yk; NtshsHfsplKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; NtshsHfs; vq;Fk; nry;tjpy;iy. eha; Nghd;W

miya NehpLk; vd;W vz;Zfpd;wdH. Mdhy; md;W fpof;Fj;jpir nrd;why;

tpUe;J fpilf;Fk; vd;W ek;gpf;iff; nfhz;Ls;sdH.

Nfhyk;

NtshsHfs; jq;fs; tPLfspy; vy;yh ehl;fSk; ,U Neuq;fspYk; Nfhyk;

,LtH. nrt;tha;f; fpoikad;W fk;gpf; Nfhyj;ijAk; kw;w ehl;fspy; Gs;spf;;

Nfhyj;ijAk;; ,Lfpd;wdH. ,J kfhnyl;Rkpia tuNtw;gjhf mikfpwJ.

mt;thW ,l;l Nfhyj;jpy; fpU\;zH rpwpJ Neuk; ,Ug;ghH vd ek;gpf;if

nfhz;L clNd kpjpg;gjpy;iy. gpwF Nfhyj;ij kpjpj;J jhd; nry;y

Ntz;LNk jtpu jhz;br; nry;tjpy;iy. mg;gb nrd;why; kl;LNk ed;ik Vw;gLk;

vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

fHg;gpzp vjpHg;G

NtshsHfs; fHg;gpzpiag; gilg;Gf; flTshf epidf;fpd;wdH. vdNt

mtHfspd; vjpHg;gpy; nrd;why; ntw;wp Vw;gLk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

%d;W NgH NrHe;J gazk;

NtshsHfs; gazk; nry;fpd;w nghOJ %d;W Nguhf NrHe;J

nry;tjpy;iy. %d;WNgH vd;gJ vkd;> fhyd;> J}jd; vd;gHtfisf; Fwpg;gjhy;

%d;WNgH NrHe;J nrd;w gazk; ntw;wp ngwhJ vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

153
NghNwd; vdf; $Wy;

NtspNa fpsk;Gk; NghJ ‘NghNwd;’ vd;W $wpr; nry;tij NtshsHfs;

tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; mJ jpUk;gp tukhl;Nld; vd;gijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.

khwhf ‘Nghapl;L thNwd;’ vd;Nw $Wfpd;wdH.

gazk; nry;tjw;F Kd; Fspj;jy;

NtshsHfs; tPl;bypUe;J ahuhtJ gazk; nrd;why; mtHfs;

Gwg;gLk;Kd; Fspj;J tpLtH. Vndd;why; nrd;wtH ey;y Kiwapy; jpUk;gp

tuNtz;Lk; vd;gNj mjd; fhuzkhFk;.

me;jpNtisapy; Gwg;gly;

NtshsHfs; jq;fs; tPl;bw;F tpUe;jpdHfs; te;jhy; mtHfis me;jp

khiyg; nghOjpy; nry;y mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. Vnddpy; mtHfs; nry;Yk; NghNj

mtHfNshL jq;fs; tPl;Lr; nry;tKk; nrd;WtpLk; vd;W ek;GtNj fhuzkhFk;.

QhapWg; gazk;

Qhapw;Wf;fpoik gazj;ij NtshsHfs; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. eha; Nghy

miya NehpLk; vd;W vz;ZtNj mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. khwhf fpof;Fj;

jpirapy; nrd;why; tpUe;Jfpilf;Fk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

jpq;fs;

jpq;fsd;W tpUe;jpdH tPL nry;tjpy;iy nrd;whYk; ,uT jq;Ftjpy;iy.

jpq;fs; gazk; jpUk;ghg; gazk; vd;W NtshsHfs; ek;GtNj ,jw;Ff;

fhuzkhFk;.

154
Vohk; ehs; jpUk;gy;

NtshsHfs; tpUe;jpdH tPl;by; jq;fpapUe;J tpl;L Vohk; ehs; tPL

jpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mt;thW jpUk;gpdhy; jdf;Fk;> me;j tPl;bw;Fk; Jd;gk; NehpLk;

vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. mt;thW jpUk;g NeHe;jhy; mLj;j VO ehl;fSf;Fs;

tpUe;jpdH tPL nrd;W jpUk;GtH.

,we;j tPl;bypUe;J Gwg;gly;

,we;j tPl;bypUe;J Gwg;gLk; rkaj;jpy; mOJ nfhz;bUe;jhy; Gwg;glhky;

mOifia epWj;jpa gpd;dNu Gwg;gLfpd;wdH.

czTg; nghUSld; nry;Yjy;

,uT Neuj;jpy; Xhplj;jpypUe;J kw;nwhU ,lj;jpw;F czTg; nghUisf;

nfhz;L nry;y tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mt;thW nry;y NeHe;jhy; me;j cztpd;

kPJ mLg;Gf; fhpia itj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;fpd;wdH. mjw;F vr;rpg;Ngahy; Nga;

nfhjp Vw;gLk; vd;W ek;GtNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;.

njhFg;Giu

v mr;rj;jpd; tpisthfj; Njhd;wpaNj ek;gpf;if MFk;.

v ek;Gjy; vDk; tpid mbg;gilapy; mike;jNj ek;gpf;if.

v kdpjDf;F tyf;if kw;Wk; ,lf;if vd;w ,U iffNshL ek;gpf;if

%d;whtJ ifahf mikfpwJ.

v ,d;dy;fspypUe;J tpLgl;L kdk; mikjpaila ek;gpf;iffs;

cjTfpd;wd.

155
v Kw;fhyj;jpy; rhd;NwhH filg;gpbj;j gof;ftof;fq;fNs ek;gpf;iffshf

khw;wk; ngw;wd.

v gazk; nry;fpd;w nghOJ vjpHg;G ghHj;Nj (vjphpy; tUgtHfisf;

Fwpg;gJ) nry;fpd;wdh;.

v epiwFlk; vjpHg;G ed;ik jUk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

v Mz;fSf;F tyJ fz;> tyJ Njhs; Jbg;gJ ey;y rFdkhfTk;>

ngz;fSf;F ,lJ fz;> ,lJ Njhs; Jbg;gJ ey;y rFdkhfTk;

fUjg;gLfpwJ.

v ftiy Vw;gLk; NghJ VjhtJ ey;y thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;gij ey;y

rFdkhff; fUJfpd;wdH. ,jid ‘tphpr;rp Nfl;ly;’ vd;W $WtH.

v kdk; nehe;J fz;zPH tpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; thHj;ijfs; gypj;JtpLk; vd;W

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

v tPLfisr; Rj;jk; nra;J ,iwtd; topgl;lhy; 16 tifahd NgWfs;

fpilf;Fk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

v ,uhF fhyk;> vkfz;lk;> m\;lkp> etkp Nghd;w ehs; Neuq;fspy;

NtshsHfs; ey;y fhhpaq;fs; nra;tjpy;iy.

v Gdpj ahj;jpiu Nkw;nfhs;tjhy; ‘tPLNgW’ mila KbAk; vd;W

NtshsHfs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

156
v khq;fy;ak;> nkl;b Mfpatw;iwg; ngz;fs; mzptij kq;fykhff;

fUJtH.

v ntz;ik epw Mil mzpe;jhy; jPq;F Vw;gLk; vd;Wk;> fWg;G epwk;

Jf;fj;jpd; milahskhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

v gy;yp tpOk; ,lj;ij itj;J ey;y> jPa rFdq;fisj; jPHkhdpf;fpd;wdH.

v Me;ijapd; mywy; jPa rFdkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

v Foe;ij ,y;yhjtHfs; Fynja;tj;jpd; ngaiug; ngahpLtjhf

Ntz;bdhy; Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;if NtshsHfspilNa

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

v tisfhg;G Kbe;j ngz;Zf;F xw;iw vz;zpf;ifapy; tisay;

mzptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

v xNu tPl;by; ,uz;L #ypfs; ,Ug;gij NtshsHfs; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy

v Foe;ij NgW mile;j ngz;> Foe;ijf;Fg; ngahpLk; tiu

mLf;fisf;Fs; mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

v Foe;ij gpwe;j 41-Mk; ehNs jhAk;> Foe;ijAk; GFe;j tPl;bw;Fr;

nry;tH.

v Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; vz;zpf;ifapYk;> Fwpg;gpl;l el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwg;gJ

gw;wpAk; NtshsHfspilNa ek;gpf;iff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

157
v thhpay; vLj;j ifapdhy; Foe;ij vLj;jhy; Foe;ijapd; tsHr;rp

Nja;e;JtpLk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH.

v NehAw;w tajhdtHfs; mkhthir Nghd;w ehl;fspy; ,we;J tpLtH vd;W

ek;Gfpd;wdH.

v fl;bypy; fple;J ,wg;gtHfs; Nkhl;rk; miltjpy;iy vd;w ek;gpf;if

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

v ,wg;G tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;wtHfs; Fspj;jgpd;Ng jq;fs; tPl;bDs; EiotH.

v jpUkzk; cWjp nra;j gpwF Jf;ftPl;bw;Fr; nry;tjpy;iy.

v ,we;jthpd; Mtp mbae;jpuk; KbAk;tiu tpl;bDs; tUk; vd;w

ek;gpf;iff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

v cWg;Gfspd; khWjYf;F Vw;g ek;gpf;iffSk; khWgLfpd;wd.

v Gj;jhil mzptJ gw;wpAk; ek;gpf;if NtshsHfspilNa epyTfpwJ.

v rFdq;fs; gw;wpa ek;gpf;ifAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

v rikay; njhlHghd fUtpfs; gw;wpAk; NtshsHfs; ek;gpf;if

nfhz;Ls;sdh;.

v Foe;ijfs; gpwf;Fk; el;rj;jpuj;jpYk; ek;gpf;iffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

v gazk; nry;tjpYk; $l ehs;> fpoik> Neuk; Mfpatw;wpy; ek;gpf;if

itj;Js;sdH NtshsHfs;.

158
,ay; Fwpg;Gfs;

1. ,uhjhfpUl;bzd; ek;gpf;ifapd; kWkyHr;rp g. 58

2. rz;Kf Re;juk; ehl;Lg;Gw ,ay; XH mwpKfk; g. 2

3. gthdp (jftyhsp)

4. xsitahH nfhd;iw Nte;jd; gh.v. 14

5. GypA+h;Nfrpfd; (c.M) rpyg;gjpfhuk; gh.v. 56

6. fiyQh; fUzhepjp jpUf;Fws; gh.v.167

7. ghujpahH ghQ;rhyp rgjk; gh.v.283

8. fiyQh; fUzhepjp jpUf;Fws; gh.v.527

9. NkyJ gh.v.565

10. NkyJ gh.v.525

11. NkyJ gh.v 43

12. xsitahH nfhd;iw Nte;jd; gh.v. 30

13. NkyJ gh.v. 37

14. NkyJ gh.v. 1

15. MH. ghyRg;gpukzpad; ehl;Lg;Gw tho;tpay; g. 16

16 r. KUfhde;jk; ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; rpe;jidfs; g. 33

17. yhwd;]; ehafk; td;dpuhrd; fij g. 49

18. M. rptRg;gpukzpad; ke;jpur;rlq;Ffs; g. 36

19. NkyJ gf;.33-34

20. nraghy; ,.uh. (c.M) mfehD}W gh.v.289

21. rh.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad; (c.M) GwehD}W gh.v.129

159