FINANCIAL INSTABILITY: A JOURNEY OF SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

________________________________

A Qualitative Research

Presented to
The Faculty of Accountancy and Business Management (ABM)
Ilocos Sur National High School
Senior High School
Vigan City

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 1

____________________

Antiporda, Khian Zhane F.

Pizarro, Dawn
Quiocho, Jhon Carlo D.
Rabara, Ruby Ann A.

2024

Chapter I

Introduction
 Financial problems are a situation where money worries are causing individual

stress. Many people are facing hard financial times and the impact on mental health,

academic performance or motivation can be significant. This includes worrying a lot

or feeling anxious over money, arguing with loved ones, headaches, feeling unwell,

difficulty in sleeping , feeling guilty spending money on non- essentials, stress and

even failing grades. (Lifeline Australia, 2016)

(Dang and Bulus 2015), education is a high cost social service, therefore

insufficient financial support will be a problem for students to enhance themselves in

academics thus leading to poor academic performance. The financial problem extends

beyond the home, but significantly, it affects educational attainment. Financial plays

an important role in students' academic performance. Financial problems are serious

issues that need to be addressed as it leads to multiple stages of problems such as

health issues and academic performance. Money has become the primary challenge of

every learner, facing the struggles of financial inability and distress considering all the

allowances and all the finance needed for accomplishing the requirements needed of

academic students, such as; school materials, printing costs for activities or projects,

and technological needs. Unfortunately, not everyone can afford these necessities due

to financial constraints. (Norazlan et al., 2022)

In this situation, some students are aspiring to take their preferred course on the

higher level of education, planning to take a better future and success. However, the

question is, where could they get money? What will they do to pay tuition fees and

other
materials needed? That is why it seems uncertain, whereas the source of money is

nowhere to be found. These obstacles and barriers faced by these students gave a huge

impact not only academically but also personally. It is distressing to realize that

students are severely affected by these circumstances, hindering their educational

pursuits. It is important to know the significance of learning without coming into such

a major obstacle, specifically financial distress.

As a result, this topic gives an importance towards finances needed for school and

for students to have a better learning and education, achieving a higher and better

education towards a bright success. It is essential to acknowledge and address these

issues to support students facing financial challenges and to reshape societal

perspectives on money.

Therefore, this study explores the challenges encountered by senior high school

students with financial instability, focusing on their perspectives and experiences with

this issue. It aims to understand the culture and impact of financial distress on

students and emphasizes the importance of addressing these challenges. By

highlighting the journey of senior high students facing financial difficulties, this study

seeks to raise awareness and promote meaningful change in addressing financial

inequities in education.

Statement of the Problem

The study entitled "Financial Instability": A Journey of Senior High School

Students” aims to find out the struggles of SHS students regarding financial instability.

Specifically, this study seek to answer the following question:

 1. How do senior high school students with financial instability manage their

struggles in terms of ;

a.) Education

b.) Aspirations

c.) Emotional Well-being

d.) Mental well-being

Significance of the Study

This study aims to benefit the following :

Students : The result will provide the students with some knowledge in maintaining

stable money, to teach them on how to budget their allowance and to have the idea to

strive for living despite the financial struggles that they have been.

Guardians: This study shows the techniques on how to teach and educate their

children to be more responsible on their expenses and to avoid being financially

unstable. As money plays a little importance on students' perspective. This will also

serve as a reminder for the parents and guardians of these students to help their child

and provide what they need.

Teachers: To give the teachers an awareness and at least inform the teachers that

students are also struggling in terms of money. This will be a help for teachers to give

them information and to give their students a help if they ever want to lessen the

burden of their students.

Future Researchers: This will give the future researchers an in-depth knowledge

about this certain topic. The future researchers can dig and study the effects, as well as

the major causes and solutions to this kind of problem. Additionally, this will serve as

their guidance and related study to support their future case or study.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is focused on the financial stability of Senior High Students and their

techniques on how they can handle that kind of situation in Ilocos Sur National High

School. This qualitative research intended to explore their past and present situation

during the time when they are struggling with money. The selection of the participants

was limited to at least 6 Senior High Students only, it would also benefit those who are

only studying in Ilocos Sur National High school.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: The Research Paradigm

The study points to understanding the problem between financial instability and

its impact on the educational, aspirational, emotional and mental well-being of senior

high school students. Researchers have identified “Financial Instability” as the

independent variable which represents the factor affecting senior high school students.

Financial instability affects three aspects. First, academic, it focuses on how financial

instability affects students' educational pursuits. It includes challenges such as

academic performance, and disruptions in learning due to financial problems. Second,

“Goals” this aspect seeks on how their goals and plans are shaped by their financial

circumstances. Lastly, “Emotional and mental well-being” It explores the overall

emotional and psychological well being of students, concerning the psychological and

emotional impacts of financial instability on students. The conceptual framework

seeks to provide an understanding towards financial instability among senior high

school students and how it influences their academic experiences, goals, and emotional

states. Through this framework, the study aims to shed light on effective strategies and

interventions to support students facing financial challenges in their academic journey.

Theoretical Framework

In conceptualizing this study, these theories, principles and strategies obtained from

available sources are truly helpful.

The family stress model of economic hardship

Explains that financial difficulties have an adverse effect on parents’ emotions,

behaviors, and relationships, which affect their parenting or socialization strategies.

According to the model, the emotional distress of poverty predicts conflict and reduces

warmth and support in parent-child relationships. These relationship disruptions

contribute to children’s emotional and behavioral problems, academic failures, and

poor cognitive functioning. Conger, (2005)

Investment Model

Economic resources increase the investment parents are able to make in their

children’s development, promoting academic and social competencies. With increased

resources, parents are able to invest in the development of their children, providing the

special care, time, and services necessary to support their children’s emotional needs.
These investments contribute to enriched learning environments, higher standards of

living, and safer homes and neighborhoods. Greater family resources appear to reduce

risks associated with the stress of poverty and help create environments that promote

competent development. Conger, (2005)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Need

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that individuals prioritize fulfilling basic

physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter before advancing to higher-level

needs like safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Financial

management fits within this framework as it directly affects levels of the hierarchy.

For instance, financial stability influences access to basic needs like food and shelter,

contributes to feelings of safety and security, facilitates peaceful study habits boosts

self-esteem through accomplishments and financial responsibility, and enables

individuals to pursue self-actualization by having the resources to invest in personal

growth and fulfillment. Understanding this hierarchy can teach students on why may

prioritize certain expenses over others based on their immediate needs and how

achieving financial stability can positively impact their overall well-being and ability

to reach higher levels of self-fulfillment.

Cognitive Load Theory

This theory explores how the capacity of working memory affects decision-

making and problem-solving. Students may struggle with financial management if

they are overwhelmed with academic responsibilities, extracurricular activities, and

other responsibilities. Understanding cognitive load can help design interventions that

simplify financial decision-making processes.

Budgeting School Allowance

Budgeting school allowances can help students avoid being short of money and

reduce the problem in case of emergencies. Budgeting money for essentials such as

food, transportation, and school supplies. It is a must especially for those who are

barely receiving money, as they may not know if there is reserve money for the

following day. Therefore, we must plan for the future to reduce our monetary

problems.

Saving Extra Money

Saving extra money can help students meet their needs for the following day,

while also providing a safety net for unexpected expenses, which is very helpful in

avoiding financial problems. Learning to balance money can truly assist students to

avoid financial issues.

These theories and suggestions can provide a foundation for understanding the

psychological, social, and cognitive factors that influence financial management

among students.

Review of Related Literature

This section presents the review of related literature and the studies that are

relevant to the present study.

 According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2017), financial

wellbeing is the human condition that provides an opportunity to fully meet their

financial liabilities, feel safe nowadays and in the future, and make choices that allow

them to enjoy life. A comprehensive understanding of financial wellbeing combines

the control over finances, financial resilience and security, as well as financial freedom

of making decisions to enjoy life and achieve financial goals. Cardenas, (2021)

The perception of financial wellbeing combines the sense of security of the

financial future and stressful feelings in the management of individuals financial

resources (Netemeyer et al., 2018). The perception of financial wellbeing from the

viewpoint of impact on individuals, including their psychical health, is combined with

the phenomena of financial hardships, financial condition, tension, stress, and finally,

financial security (Hassan, 2021).

On Financial Instability

Financial instability is triggered by a variety of causes and aspects such as not

good management of money and low knowledge of financial literacy. If it is

experienced chronically, financial stress is then associated with negative life factors

and it is implicated in depressive conditions as well as unhealthy behaviors such as

smoking which implies that it disrupts wellbeing, as well as it disturbs human

functioning. (Lantz, 2005).

Financial instability is conventionally defined in terms of income poverty and it

is measured in different ways, predominantly in terms of income to fill a minimum

level of calories. The society has one important goal, which is the eradication or the
reduction of poverty. This is also the agenda of several international development

organizations. Several approaches towards the reduction of poverty include direct

measures like provision of food, employment and even income to the poor, and

indirect provisions like education, health and other services which enable people to

earn or increase their earnings to get out of poverty. (Tilak, 2018)

It is not simply the absence of financial resources. It is the lack of capability to

function effectively in society. Inadequate education can thus be considered a form of

poverty. Absolute poverty is the absence of adequate resources that hampers learning

in developing countries through poor nutrition, health, and home circumstances. It

discourages enrolment and survival to higher grades, and also reduces learning in

schools. (UNESCO, 2008)

Financial Instability is a major contributor to household instability and the

failing educational performance as well as development of students. Factors such as

low-socioeconomic status decrease the ability for families to provide basic educational

needs to their children such as school supplies, transportation, and more. Paired with

poor support at home, a family's financial status often restricts a child from receiving

the best education possible and ultimately decreases their educational opportunities.

(Abatecola, 2020)

Thus, it can influence the social, physical, and developmental needs of children

and families. It was shown that financial instability affects the psychological well

being of students by negatively affecting their personal life, comprehensibility or the

way they understand their situation as well as their senses of control and self-esteem.

(Byrd and Lange, 1998)

On Parent

From a development perspective, “transition to adulthood” is defined as a

distinctive transitional period (Arnett, 2000). As young adults are expected to establish

financial independence from their parents, developing financial capability during the

transition to adulthood can be viewed as a critical factor to lay the foundation for

successful life outcomes (Lee & Mortimer, 2009). Despite challenging economic

conditions, many young adults gain more independence over their financial status

upon successfully negotiating developmental transitions (Schulenberg & Maggs,

2002). Some individuals, however, may not feel competent about their financial

stability carrying substantial amounts of debt, which contributes to their future

financial hardship (Roberts & Jones, 2001). Therefore, it is crucial for young adults to

accomplish capabilities to manage their financial resources responsively during this

transitional period. (Lee & Mortimer, 2009)

Parents who are experiencing financial stress are less responsive to their

children’s needs, less nurturing, less consistent in their parenting, and more

inconsistent in the discipline of their children. There is also an increased potential for

child abuse if financial stress is combined with parenting stress and aggression

between marital partners. Such parental behaviors may increase the children’s risk of

socioemotional problems such like, low self-esteem, depression, impulsive behavior),

health problems, poor academic performance, deviant behavior, drug and alcohol use,
withdrawal from social relationships, and reduced aspirations and expectations.

Children may become depressed, adopt the hopeless outlook of the parents who are

undergoing financial strain, and lose their sense of personal mastery. This can result in

children and adolescents setting lower expectations for their own careers. Financial

pressure is also related to increased conflict between parents and adolescents,

particularly over the purchase of clothes, games, and lifestyle options. Children

appear to exhibit these problems to the extent that their parents are depressed and

become less nurturing in their parenting. This means that children will not be at risk

for these negative outcomes if parents are able to maintain positive, nurturing

parenting skills despite financial stress. (Davis and Mantler, 2004)

On Children

Instability is best conceptualized as the experience of change in individual or

family circumstances where the change is abrupt, involuntary, and/or in a negative

direction, and thus is more likely to have adverse implications for child development.

Children’s early experiences shape who they are and affect lifelong health and

learning. To develop to their full potential, children need safe and stable housing,

adequate and nutritious food, access to medical care, secure relationships with adult

caregivers, nurturing and responsive parenting, and high-quality learning opportunities

at home, in child care settings, and in school. Research shows that a large number of

children face instability in their lives. They have independently explored different

domains of instability in the supportive structures that predict children’s outcomes.

(Huerta, 2013)
 Children thrive in stable and nurturing environments where they have a routine

and know what to expect. Although some change in children’s lives is normal and

anticipated, sudden and dramatic disruptions can be extremely stressful and affect

children’s feeling of security. Within the context of supportive relationships with

adults who act as a buffer against any negative effects of instability, children learn

how to cope with adversity, adapt to their surroundings, and regulate their emotions.

(National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2007).

When parents lack choice or control over change, they may be less likely to

support their children in adapting to the change. Stress that escalates to extreme levels

can be detrimental to children’s mental health and cognitive functioning. (Shonkoff

&Garner 2011).

The experience of economic instability causes increased material hardship,

particularly when families lack personal assets. Low family income negatively affects

children’s social-emotional, cognitive, and academic outcomes, even after controlling

for parental characteristics. (Huerta, 2013)

Children of financially stressed parents tend to be more prone to mental health

problems, depression, loneliness, and are more emotionally sensitive (Elder, 1985).

They are less sociable and more distrustful, and are more likely to feel excluded by

their peers, especially if they are girls (Buss & Redburn, 1983). Boys of financially

stressed parents are likely to exhibit low self-esteem, to show behavior problems in

school, and be susceptible to negative peer pressure and alcohol as well as drug

problems (Conger, 2000). Financial stress is related to poorer academic performance

in both boys and girls (Conger et al., 1992). Financial stress was associated with more

symptoms of depression, antisocial behavior, and impulsive behavior in children. It

was reported that adolescents who believed their families were having financial

hardships also reported a lower sense of mastery, particularly for boys. A lower sense

of mastery was associated with greater levels of anxiety and depression. In a different

sample of children and their parents. It lso showed that family financial stress

predicted attention deficit and conduct problems in children. (Conger et al., 2002)

On Education

Children living in financial disadvantage have a greater risk in terms of

educational attainment, and stress, they are most likely in a situation of poor school

readiness such as, failing grades, lack of school attendance and interaction. Students

living in financial disadvantage have also a great risk in terms of stress and that stress

eventually falls into anxiety, and this is all because of the challenges and experiences

they face when it comes to finances. (Edwards, 2009)

Thus, experiencing financial stress is likely common among Filipino students

because most filipinos suffer with financial difficulties for different reasons such as

low income and unemployment. The government statistics suggest that a significant

portion of the school-age population experience financial difficulties. Starting at the

basic education level, almost 20% of Filipino children who dropped out of school

mentioned insufficient financial resources as the main reason for students in education

(Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015). Dropping out of school was most probable
among 17-year olds, especially among those from the lowest income families (Reyes,

Tabuga, Asis, & Mondez, 2015)

But despite the disadvantages of financial instability, most students who struggle

financially decide to make a way in order to overcome the financial problems, most

students make a decision of having to work part-time, which eventually takes away

their time focusing on their academics. Hence, having a part-time job is a good idea

and way to support the finances in education but leads to a lack of studying, taking

much of their time and also poor attendance resulting in their poor academic

performance. (Widener, 2017).

The liquidity constraint hypothesis states that the lack of economic resources

affects children's progress because low-income children have difficulty financing their

education. In short, no money sources affect the children's progress through the

educational system for a reason that they have financial needs and therefore, students

must be supported financially. (Nam and Huang, 2009 )

For many young people, especially minority and low-income children,

attending college is a genuinely desired but elusive goal. Research on aspirations and

expectations provide one way to understand the gap between what children desire and

what they actually expect to happen. Aspirations are sometimes expressed by people

as a desire or a hope. They are not formed through experience or by making

judgments, instead, they are taught through socialization. Aspirations are relatively

stable beliefs that are often maintained even in the face of contradictory evidence.

(Cook et al., 1996)

 The connection between financial instability and student performance has left a

gap in research. It needs more studies to understand how these financial struggles

affect students and society. There is still a lack of research on how financial problems

impact students' decisions and behavior, both in and out of school. Investigating this

can help us develop better ways to improve financial literacy and stability for students

and the wider community. Furthermore, in spite of the fact that the senior high school

students had struggled primarily because of financial problems, they still choose to

fight and try to reach their aspirations in life.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as they will be used in this study:

Academic. It is the educational outcomes and performance of senior high school

students.

Emotional and mental well-being. It is the overall emotional well being or the

feelings of students, as well as their mental well-being concerning their experiences

and struggles towards financial instability.

Financially unstable students. These are the students who struggle in terms of

money. They are part of the group of people who are affected financially.

Goals. It is the plans of the senior high school students in pursuing higher education. It

also includes their dreams and future.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a discussion of the research design, sources of data, locale of

study, population of study, population of the respondents, data gathering instrument,

data gathering procedure, data analysis, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This present study uses a phenomenology of qualitative research study, a

phenomenology is a research design that focuses on the experiences of individuals.

This will be the design to be use in this study to understand the experiences and

perspectives of individual students, specifically the senior high students that will be

participating in this study. The use of this research design aims to know the challenges

and the situation faced by these students as well as to open and understand the

perspective of senior high school students with the present study.

Sources of Data

The data of this study will be obtained through the answers of the participants on

the interview. Specifically, the participants from the grade 11 and 12 accountancy,

business and management strand. The answers will be interpreted through analysis to

easily understand the obtained data and produce a general result and conclusion.

Locale of Study

The study “Financial instability: A Journey of SHS students” will be conducted in

Gomez street, barangay VII, vigan city Ilocos sur national high school.

Population and Sample

This study explores the experiences of Senior High Students. The researchers

interviewed students, at aged 16-18, from grade 11 STEM-ABM strand. The

researchers interviewed a small group of students rather than aiming for a large sample
size. The researchers also asked for ethical approval, informed consent, and kept

information confidential.

In criteria based on the following:

1.) The participants must be senior high students.

2.) Has a free time for the interview.

3.) Willingness to participate in the study.

Data Gathering Instrument

Data were obtained by using an interview to gather information in order to make

our research reliable. The researchers prepared questionnaires for the Senior High

School Students to find out their problems of being financially unstable as well as their

ways in solving it.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers will follow a strict procedure to be conducted in April - May 2024.

The procedure will be as follows:

a. Secure permission to conduct the study from the advisers of participants and the

participant.

b. Conduct and assist the participants during the interview

c. Explain the objectives and the possible questions.

d. Analyze well the collected data from the interview.

e. Before gathering data, an explanation of the procedure was given. The researchers

then floated the questionnaire checklist to their participants. Confidentiality of

information was assured.

Data Analysis

This study employs phenomenology studies, a qualitative research method that

seeks for personal lived experiences. It focuses on examining the phenomena that

affects every individual in a certain context. When researchers want to investigate and

seek answers for what people went through and focus on their experience phenomena,

the researchers employ phenomenology.

Ethical Considerations

For ethical considerations, before the study will be conducted, the respondents will

receive a thorough briefing and details regarding the purpose of our study. Through

informed consent, participants must give their voluntarily informed consent and be

free to leave at any moment without incurring any penalties. The participants'

information and data will remain unidentifiable and ensure that only authorized

individuals have access to the data.

These following ethical codes are considered:

1. Openness/Informed Consent

This principle ensures that participants are fully aware of the purpose, procedures

and benefits of the study before participating. Providing an overview of the interview

helps participants understand what to expect, allowing them to make an informed

decision about whether or not to participate. Openness includes trust between

researchers and participants, ensuring ethical conduct throughout the study.

2. Voluntary Participation

Voluntary participation says that individuals have the right to choose whether or

not to take part in the study without feeling pressured. Researchers should respect

participant's decisions if they decline to participate at any point.

3. Care

Care involves ensuring the well-being and comfort of participants throughout the

research process. This includes being aware of participants' emotional state, providing

support if they encounter distressing topics, and respecting their boundaries. If a

participant expressed discomfort with certain questions, researchers should skip those

questions or modify them to ensure the participant's well-being.

Chapter II

PRESENTATION AND DATA INTERPRETATION

 The data gathered from the study are presented in this chapter, alongside with

its interpretation. Tabular and textual presentations were utilized for better

understanding of the results to which helped the researchers generate conclusions for

this study. This study seek to answer the following:

1. How do senior high school students with financial instability manage their

struggles in terms of ;

a.) Academic

b.) Goals

c.) Emotional Well-being

d.) Mental Well-being

Variable A : Financial Instablity in Academic

Table 1

Significant Statement Category Theme Meaning

Student A Financial
“Maysa nga rason no Instability in
apay nga haan nak sum- Academic
sumrek no dadduma
gamin ket awan ti
pagpletek, awan pay
balon ko, ken nagijay
nasken nga bayadan ditoy
eskwela no dadduma ket
jak mabayadan”
“ “
“wen, jak sure no
makapag college nak,
nagrigat met gamin, balak
ko pay nga ag stop tatta,
no maka- graduate nakto
ti senior high school ag
stop nak paylang, tapos
ag- trabaho, ag urnong
tapno pang college
kunton.”
Student B
“Ni papang ko gamin ket
maysa nga UV Express
driver isu nga makunak
nga haan nga financially
unstable kami, ken wen
maapektaran iti
panagbasak ta no dadduma
awan ti pagprovide iti
masapol ti skwela ngem
inggan kaya na ited ni
papa dagiti masapol mi,
ited na nga ited.”
“Wen latta ah kasi ammo
tayo met nga nagastos
talaga iti panag college
ngem kas nakuna ni
papang nga pagbasaen na
kami inggana kaya na.”
Student C
“Wen, kasi uray no adda ti
public school, adda talaga
problema mi financially
ket maap-apektaran latta iti
pag- basak, kasi no adda
project ket awan ti kwartak
nga paggatang dagiti
masapol ken para dijay
school.”
“Wen, tagamin haan ko
nga kaya nga alaen ejay
kayat ko nga course, kasi
kailangan ko nga
panunuten umuna no
pangalaak ti kwarta tapno
lang maalak ejay nga
course.”

Student D
“Kanayon nga problema iti
kinaawan iti kwarta ken
siyempre naapektaran met
jay panagadal ko.”
“Wen, Naapektaran nak
latta interms of academic,
in a way na i have to
attend class even though i
dont have money to buy
my snacks. Kailangan ko
pay nga umutang kadagiti
classmates ko and
napansin pay ejay iti mesa
nga teacher ko.”
“ wen, naapektaran talaga
jay planok ot yhe point
haan ko kinonsider ti ag
enroll dagijay nasyaat nga
universities uray no kul-
kuliten nak agijay friends
ko.”
Student E
“Wen, naapektaran talaga
tagamin ket nagrigat ti
agaramid ti parraan no
pangalaak iti kwarta, lalo
ket maysa nak lang nga
estudyante.”
“Kinanayon ko nga
panpanunuten ejay so nga
kasla narigatan nak nga
agfocus iti klasek.”
“Wen, jak ammo no kaya
ba jay kwarta mi nga
bayadan jay tuition lko in
th future, so nga pinilik ti
strand nga related to yanri
course nga alaek,
accountancy, ngem ti
kayat mo talaga ket
tourism ngem nangina met
so nga nag switch nak ti
accounting.
Student F
Theme 1

Student A
“Maysa nga rason no apay nga haan nak sum-sumrek no dadduma gamin ket awan ti
pagpletek, awan pay balon ko, ken nagijay nasken nga bayadan ditoy iskwela no dadduma ket
jak mabayadan. Wen, jak sure no makapag college nak, nagrigat met gamin, balak ko pay nga
ag stop tatta, no maka- graduate nakto ti senior high school ag stop nak paylang, tapos ag-
trabaho, ag urnong tapno pang college kunton.”

(“One of the reasons why I can't go to school is because of my allowance. I don’t have money
for my transportation and food and I also can't pay the expenses in school. Yes, I am not
really sure if i can still make it to college because it's hard and i also plan in stopping after i
graduated in senior high school to work, to earn money for my college.)

Student B
“Ni papang ko gamin ket maysa nga UV Express driver isu nga makunak nga haan nga
financially unstable kami, ken wen maapektaran iti panagbasak ta no dadduma awan ti
pagprovide iti masapol ti skwela ngem inggan kaya na ited ni papa dagiti masapol mi, ited
na nga ited.”Wen latta ah kasi ammo tayo met nga nagastos talaga iti panag college ngem
kas nakuna ni papang nga pagbasaen na kami inggana kaya na.”

(“ My father is UV express driver that is why i can’t say that we are not financial unstable
but yes i am still affected in terms of academic, because i cannot provide the neccesities
in school but as long as my father can work, he can still provide us what we need. Yes,
because we know that college is really expensive but my father we will send us to college
as long as he can.”)

Student C
“Wen, kasi uray no adda ti public school, adda talaga problema mi financially ket maap-
apektaran latta iti pag- basak, kasi no adda project ket awan ti kwartak nga paggatang
dagiti masapol ken para dijay school.”
“Wen, tagamin haan ko nga kaya nga alaen ejay kayat ko nga course, kasi kailangan ko
nga panunuten umuna no pangalaak ti kwarta tapno lang maalak ejay nga course.”

(“Yes. Because even

though there's a public school government provided us, being financially unstable affected
us whenever there's a project because i lack of money to buy the things we needed for
school.”
“Yes. Because I can't have the freedom to choose the course I want in college because I
need to think where to get money just so I can afford it.” )

Student D
“Kanayon nga problema iti kinaawan iti kwarta ken siyempre naapektaran met jay
panagadal ko.”
“Wen, Naapektaran nak latta interms of academic, in a way na i have to attend class even
though i dont have money to buy my snacks. Kailangan ko pay nga umutang kadagiti
classmates ko and napansin pay ejay iti mesa nga teacher ko.”
“ wen, naapektaran talaga jay planok to the point haan ko kinonsider ti ag enroll dagijay
nasyaat nga universities uray no kul-kuliten nak agijay friends ko.”

(“Financial has always been the problem and ofcourse my academic performance was
affected in a way that i have to attend class even though i don’t have money to buy my
snacks, i need to borrow some money to my classmates and even one of my teachers
notice it.” “Yes my plans were really affected to the point that i never consider to enroll
myself in the prestige universities, even though my friends were encouraging me to try.”)

Student E
“Wen, naapektaran talaga tagamin ket nagrigat ti agbirok ti paraan no pangalaak iti
kwarta, lalo ket maysa nak lang nga estudyante.”
“Kinanayon ko nga panpanunuten ejay so nga kasla narigatan nak nga agfocus iti
klasek.”“Wen, jak ammo no kaya ba jay kwarta mi nga bayadan jay tuition lko in th
future, so nga pinilik ti strand nga related to yanri course nga alaek, accountancy, ngem ti
kayat mo talaga ket tourism ngem nangina met so nga nag switch nak ti accounting.
(“Yes, it was really affected because it is so hard to my a way on where could i get money,
esprcially that i am a student.” “I always think about it, that is why i find it hard to focus
on my class.” “Yes, I am not really sure if our money is enough to pay my tuition fee in
the near future, so I choose a strand that is related to my future course which is
accountancy, but honestly i really want to get tourism but it’s expensive that is why i
switch to accounting.”

Variable B: Goals

Table 2

Significant Statement Category Theme Meaning

Student A Financial
“wen, kasi etoy garud Instability in
financial, diba terms of goals
kaadwan met ti
problema talaga no ag
college ka ket kwarta,
ngem jak lang ammo
no kasanon to panggep
pay ejay kwarta ket
kasla haan ko pay sure
no makapag graduate
nak ti college kasi diba
nag ngina garud ti
tuition kada kua.”
“wen, amman
simmabali jay kwak
kanyak kasi diba ti
kayat ko kuma nga
alaen intunno college
nak ket nursing ngem
nangina garud so nga
kasla ag take nak latta
ti sabali nga coursen ta
isun to i graduate kon,
sa nak to ag doble ag
basa no makapag work
to or no addan to
urnongen kasjay.”
Student B
“Syempre wen kasi
number 1 talaga nga
masapol iti panag abot
ti pangarap keh
kwarta”
“Wen ah, adda pay jay
time nga makapanonot
nak nga jak agbasan ta
agtrabaho nak lattan”
Student C
“Yes because we can't
deny the fact that
being financially
unstable is an obstacle
for our goal and we
need money to achieve
those.”
“Not at all.”
“Being financially
unstable really hinders
me to achieve my
goals.”
Student D
“ Wen, naapektaran
talaga dagijay planok
kenni desisyon.
“wen”
“ wen”
Student E
“We, kasi pa-
oanunutek nga ksanon
no haan ko kaya nga
tuparen ejay gapu ti
kinaawan ti kwarta.
Eta ti saludsud nga
adda latta kanyak.”
“We, kasi kasla jay
answer ko jay immuna
nga question,
nagswitch nak ti
accountancy from
tourism kase haan mi
nga kaya ejay nga
course,”
“kunada ket ti
kinarigat ket haan
kano nga hadlang ejay
ti panagbasa ngem iti
kinapudno na ket
amman, maysa ejay
nga hadlang kase no
dadduma kami lang
maaddaan ti kwarta na
ken para lang ti
inaldaw- aldaw mi nga
panag biyag ejay.”
Student F

Student A
“wen, kasi etoy garud financial, diba kaadwan met ti problema talaga no ag college ka
ket kwarta, ngem jak lang ammo no kasanon to panggep pay ejay kwarta ket kasla
haan ko pay sure no makapag graduate nak ti college kasi diba nag ngina garud ti
tuition kada kua.”“Wen, amman simmabali jay kwak kanyak kasi diba ti kayat ko
kuma nga alaen intunno college nak ket nursing ngem nangina garud so nga kasla ag
take nak latta ti sabali nga coursen ta isun to i graduate kon, sa nak to ag doble ag basa
no makapag work to or no addan to urnongen kasjay.”

(Yes, because of financial problem, and mostly, whenever we enter college the first
problem really is about money, but i just really don’t know how to solved the problem
interms of money because i am nt even sure if i can graduate college beacause the
tuition fee is expensive.” “ Yes, my goals has change because what really want to get
in college is nursing but because it it expensive, I’ll just take another course. Then I’ll
go to college again i can work and earn.”)

Student B
“Syempre wen kasi number 1 talaga nga masapol iti panag abot ti pangarap keh
kwarta”
“Wen ah, adda pay jay time nga makapanonot nak nga jak agbasan ta agtrabaho nak
lattan.

(“ Ofcourse yes, One thing that is needed in order to get your dreams is money.””Yes,
there was even this time that i think of stopping in going to school and I’ll just choose
to work.”)
Student C
“Wen kasi haan tayo met nga maipag kaila nga no awan ti kwarta ket maysa ejay nga
pagsubok iti panag abot tayo agiti kayat tayo, masapol tayo iti kwarta tapno lang maala
agijay.”” Haan met” “ Iti kinaawan iti kwarta ket maysa nga harang kanyak tapno
maalak dagijay kayat ko.”
(“Yes because we can't deny the fact that being financially unstable is an obstacle for
our goal and we need money to achieve those.”
“Not at all.”
“Being financially unstable really hinders me to achieve my goals.”)

Student D
“ Wen, naapektaran talaga dagijay planok kenni desisyon.
“wen”
“ wen”
( Yes, my plans and decisions were affected”. “Ofcourse”. “Yes”)

Student E
“We, kasi pa-oanunutek nga ksanon no haan ko kaya nga tuparen ejay gapu ti
kinaawan ti kwarta. Eta ti saludsud nga adda latta kanyak.”
“We, kasi kasla jay answer ko jay immuna nga question, nagswitch nak ti accountancy
from tourism kase haan mi nga kaya ejay nga course,”
“kunada ket ti kinarigat ket haan kano nga hadlang ejay ti panagbasa ngem iti
kinapudno na ket amman, maysa ejay nga hadlang kase no dadduma kami lang
maaddaan ti kwarta na ken para lang ti inaldaw- aldaw mi nga panag biyag ejay.”
(Yes, it affects my goals necause of the worry that what if i can’t make it without
money? That question will remain beyond me.””Yes, because as i answe to previous
questions, I switched to accountancy from tourism because we can’t afford it.,” “They
sais that poverty is not a hindrance on studying when in fact, it’s really a hindrance
because we barely have money and it’s only for our everyday living.”)

Variable C : emotional

Table 3

Significant Statement Category Theme Meaning

Student A Financial
“Amman latta ah, Instability in
maap appektaran nak Emotional Well-
latta.” being
“hmm, ejay no once
met ngamin nga ag-
overthink nak ket
maisangut ko met
latta, kasla no ag
overthink kadagiti
kasta nga
bambanagen ket
mapan latta jay part
nga ag do-down
nakon.”
“ adda met dagiti
mang mot-motivate
ken mang ad-advise
kanyak nga kayam to
deta, kayam eta,nga
think positively
lang , pray kenni
god.”
Student B
“Wen kasi jak i
ulbod nga
sangsangitak dagitoy
kakastoy nga klase ti
problema”
“Keh isu garud deta
mas lalo nak nga
nagbalin nga
mannangit, lalo no
maproblemaan nak
unay ti pangalaak ti
igatang ko ti kastoy
kasta, tanga nga
makasangitak”
“As a student keh
iovovercome ko
amin nga rigat nga
mapaspasarak ta
ammok nga worth it
to metlang amin
dagitoy nga rigat ko,
ken adda dagiti
gagayyem ko
pamilyak ken bf ko
nga mangpalpalag an
ti marikriknak, isuda
ti inspirasyon ko
tapno lumaban.
problema.”
Student C
“ Yes, because I feel
overwhelmed
sometimes by this
type of a problem”
“ Being financially
unstable affected my
emotional well being
by having a low self
esteem because I felt
like a failure
whenever I can't
have the things that I
want when others
can have it as
granted.”
“ Being financially
unstable affected my
emotional well being
by having a low self
esteem because I felt
like a failure
whenever I can't
have the things that I
want when others
can have it as
granted.”
Student D
“Yes, naapektaran
nak emotionally”
“ Gapu ta
naapektaran nak
kasla nag balin nak
nga moody most of
the time, ma st-stress
nak since kinanayon
ko nga talaga nga
pan-panunuten ejay,
so nga nadaras nga
agsabali ti emotion to
sometimes.”
“mahan-handle ko
met through praying
and keeping in mind
that god will always
make a way for me
tapno maovercome
ko agituy challenges
ko.”
Student E
“wen, kasi pan-
panunurek nga siguro
baka haan ko nga
maachive etoy gapu
iti financial
problems.”
“Kinanayon nga isu
iti pan-panunutek
ngem handle ko ejay
ti usto nga paraan.’
“haan unay nga
 panunutek ken just
ko with the flow.
Student F

Student A
“Amman latta ah, maap appektaran nak latta.”
“hmm, ejay no once met ngamin nga ag-overthink nak ket maisangit ko met latta,
kasla no ag overthink kadagiti kasta nga bambanagen ket mapan latta jay part nga ag
do-down nakon.” “ adda met dagiti mang mot-motivate ken mang ad-advise kanyak
nga kayam to deta, kayam eta,nga think positively lang , pray kenni god.”
(Yes, Iam still affected.””Hmm, Once I start overthinking i always end up crying, Its
like when i start overthinking it will always end up to my down state.” “There are
people who motivates and gives advise sayong that you can do it, just think positive
and pray to god.”)
Student B
“Wen kasi jak i ulbod nga sangsangitak dagitoy kakastoy nga klase ti problema”
“Keh isu garud deta mas lalo nak nga nagbalin nga mannangit, lalo no maproblemaan
nak unay ti pangalaak ti igatang ko ti kastoy kasta, tanga nga makasangitak”
“As a student keh iovovercome ko amin nga rigat nga mapaspasarak ta ammok nga
worth it to metlang amin dagitoy nga rigat ko, ken adda dagiti gagayyem ko pamilyak
ken bf ko nga mangpalpalag an ti marikriknak, isuda ti inspirasyon ko tapno lumaban
ti
problema.”
( Yes, I will never deny myself of crying because of this kind of problem.”” That is one
of the reason why i became more emotional, especially when i think on where could i
get money to buy think like and like that.””As a student i always try to overcome this
hardships because i know that this hardships are worth it, there are my friends, my
family and boyfriend whose there to make me feek at ease, there are my inspiration to
fight every proble.”)

Student C
(“ Yes, because I feel overwhelmed sometimes by this type of a problem”
“ Being financially unstable affected my emotional well being by having a low self
esteem because I felt like a failure whenever I can't have the things that I want when
others can have it as granted.”
“ Being financially unstable affected my emotional well being by having a low self
esteem because I felt like a failure whenever I can't have the things that I want when
others can have it as granted.”)
Student D
“Yes, naapektaran nak emotionally”
“ Gapu ta naapektaran nak kasla nag balin nak nga moody most of the time, ma st-
stress nak since kinanayon ko nga talaga nga pan-panunuten ejay, so nga nadaras nga
agsabali ti emotion to sometimes.”
“mahan-handle ko met through praying and keeping in mind that god will always
make a way for me tapno maovercome ko agituy challenges ko.”
( )
Student E
“wen, kasi pan-panunurek nga siguro baka haan ko nga maachive etoy gapu iti
financial problems.” “Kinanayon nga isu iti pan-panunutek ngem handle ko ejay ti
usto nga paraan.’ “haan unay nga panunutek ken just ko with the flow.”
(Yes, it really affects me because of the thought that maybe i;m not gonna make it
because of financial problems.””Through thinking of it too much but i handled it in a
right way.” “By not thinking of it and just go with the flow.”)

Variable D: Mental

Table 4

Significant Category Theme Meaning

Statement
Student A Financial
“wen, adda latta, Instability in
kanayon ko pan- emotional well-
panunutrn no being
kasano, kasano no
adda mapasamak
nga parang haan
nga usto wenno
nasyaat kenni
papang kasanon to
jay pinagbasak ken
jay kabsat kon”
“Kuwa lang, tiwala
lang kasjay (laughs)
wen ken kunana ni
papang ket haan mo
paylang unay nga
panunuten no aniya
ti mapasamak in the
future , dapat
ketitatta ken no
kasanom nga
solbaren ejay no
kasanom nga,
ngasakbayam to
para jay future mo,
kasla kasjay.”
Student B
Wen kas nakunak
tattay,
mapanpanonot ko
no dadduma nga
agsardengen gapo
iti kinarigat ti
panagbiag'n
“Para kanyak
dadduma keh
maapapektaran nak
latta met ken adda
latta jak
panagpanpanonot
ko ti aglalaoken.”
“Number 1 keh ag
kararag talaga ken
agtiwtiwala nak
lang toy bagbagik
nga kayak amin nga
pagsubok nga
sumangbay kanyak”

Student C
“ Haan, kase uray
no marig-rigatan
nak financially haan
ko kyat iti
agsardeng ti agbasa
ken mapan iti
eskwela. Kasi
mamatiak nga ti
edukasyon lang ti
maysa nga solusyon
tapno maikkat ko
jay kinarigat iti
pamiyak.” “
Dadduma mais-
stress nak nga pan-
panunuten no
kasanok nga
maaddaan iti kwarta
para dagiti masapol
ko jay school.”
“ Ngem uray
mastess nak. Haan
ko nga binay-
bayaan ejay nga
kanen na iti panunut
ko.”
Student D
“ Uray no adda
problema mi in
terms of finacial ket
haan ko met napan-
panunut ti
agsardeng ti
agbasa”.
“Wen, aminek
mentally maap-
apektaran nak
talaga.”
“Uray no adda
problema mi nga
kasla iti financial, I
still manage to work
on my mental weel-
being, paying more
attention to other
things kaysa ag
overthink.”
Student E
“ Haan, uray no
marig-rigatan nak in
terms ti kwarta ket
haan nak
nagpanunut nga
haan ko nga malpas
ti panagbasak kasi
adda ti pangarap ko,
adda inspirasyon ko
tapno makaadal.”
“We, kasi
kinanayon ko talaga
nga panunuten
ejay.” “ Ihan-handle
ko met ejat jay
paraan nga i dis-
distract ko jay
sarilik ken haan ko
unay nga pan-
panunuten.”
Student F
Student A
“wen, adda latta, kanayon ko pan-panunutrn no kasano, kasano no adda mapasamak
nga parang haan nga usto wenno nasyaat kenni papang kasanon to jay pinagbasak ken
jay kabsat kon”
“Kuwa lang, tiwala lang kasjay (laughs) wen ken kunana ni papang ket haan mo
paylang unay nga panunuten no aniya ti mapasamak in the future , dapat ketitatta ken
no kasanom nga solbaren ejay no kasanom nga, ngasakbayam to para jay future mo,
kasla kasjay.”
( Yes, I always think what if there is something bad would happen to my father, How
would be my education and how would be my sister.” “ Just believe and my father
said that do not yet think on what il happen in the future, instead think of the present
and think on how will you solve this, as well as on how you are gonna secure your
future.”)

Student B
Wen kas nakunak tattay, mapanpanonot ko no dadduma nga agsardengen gapo iti
kinarigat ti panagbiag'n
“Para kanyak dadduma keh maapapektaran nak latta met ken adda latta jak
panagpanpanonot ko ti aglalaoken.”
“Number 1 keh ag kararag talaga ken agtiwtiwala nak lang toy bagbagik nga kayak
amin nga pagsubok nga sumangbay kanyak”

Student C
“ Haan, kase uray no marig-rigatan nak financially haan ko kyat iti agsardeng ti agbasa
ken mapan iti eskwela. Kasi mamatiak nga ti edukasyon lang ti maysa nga solusyon
tapno maikkat ko jay kinarigat iti pamiyak.” “ Dadduma mais-stress nak nga pan-
panunuten no kasanok nga maaddaan iti kwarta para dagiti masapol ko jay school.”
“ Ngem uray mastess nak. Haan ko nga binay-bayaan ejay nga kanen na iti panunut
ko.”
(“No. Just because I have difficulties financially, doesn't mean I can just stop from
learning and attending school. Because I believe that education is the only solution for
me to break down poverty that is tied within our family.”
“Sometimes. I get too stressed by thinking of a way to get a money for my needs in
school.”
“ Even though I get stressed sometimes, I didn't let it bother me that much to the point
that it will eat me alive. Sometimes in difficult situation I just think positive that all
will
be well in future, so that helps me cope up with my financially problem.)

Student D
“ Uray no adda problema mi in terms of finacial ket haan ko met napan-panunut ti
agsardeng ti agbasa”.
“Wen, aminek mentally maap-apektaran nak talaga.”
“Uray no adda problema mi nga kasla iti financial, I still manage to work on my
mental weel-being, paying more attention to other things kaysa ag overthink.”

Student E
“ Haan, uray no marig-rigatan nak in terms ti kwarta ket haan nak nagpanunut nga
haan ko nga malpas ti panagbasak kasi adda ti pangarap ko, adda inspirasyon ko tapno
makaadal.”“We, kasi kinanayon ko talaga nga panunuten ejay.” “ Ihan-handle ko met
ejat jay paraan nga i dis-distract ko jay sarilik ken haan ko unay nga pan-panunuten.”
(No, despite the financial problems , i never doubt to finish my education because I
have dreams and hav einspiration to finish my studies.” “Yes, because of thinking of
it too much.” “I handled it through distracting myself and not thinking much of it.”)
Student F
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