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Lect 2 2k21
Lect 2 2k21
Introductory Lecture
Instructor
Engr. Dr. Farzana Kulsoom
Page 1
LOGO
Evolution of Mobile
Communications
Page 2
LOGO 1G TECHNOLOGY
1G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone
technology, mobile telecommunications which was first
introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s
FDMA was used
It's Speed was upto 2.4kbps.
It allows the voice calls in 1 country.
1G network use Analog Signal.
AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile
systems.
Page 3
LOGO DRAWBACKS OF 1G
Page 4
LOGO 2G TECHNOLOGY
Features Includes:
Page 6
LOGO DRAWBACKS OF 2G
Page 7
LOGO 2.5G TECHNOLOGY
Features Includes:
Phone Calls
Send/Receive E-mail Messages
Web Browsing
Speed : 64-144 kbps
Camera Phones
Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song
Page 8
LOGO 2.5G TECHNOLOGY
Page 9
LOGO 3G TECHNOLOGY
Page 10
LOGO FEATURES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
Expensive 3G Phones.
Page 12
LOGO 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere)
Page 13
LOGO 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere)
Page 14
LOGO 4G (Anytime, Anywhere)
Features Include:
More Security
High Speed
High Capacity
Low Cost Per-bit etc.
Page 15
LOGO DRAWBACKS OF 4G
Hard to implement
Page 16
LOGO 5G (Connectivity anywhere any time)
Built in Sensors
Ultra HD 3D video
Page 17
LOGO 5G (Connectivity anywhere any time)
Page 18
LOGO WIRLESS MODELS OF 3G & 4G
Page 19
LOGO
BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
Page 20
LOGO
EVOLUTION OF 1G TO 5G TECHNOLOGY
Page 21
LOGO
WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
Page 22
LOGO WIRELESS SERVICES
Schools , Colleges
Doctors , Pilots
Page 23
LOGO CONCLUSION
All totally the best way to help all users is to use 5G as the
next wireless system and in totally it is safety and secure for
public, this the need that demands the solution.
Today’s wired society is going wireless and if it has problem,
5G is answer.
5G technology is going to give tough competition to
Computers and Laptops.
It will be available in the market 2020/2021 at affordable
cost with more reliability than previous mobiles.
Page 24
LOGO COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G , 4G and 5G
Technology 3G 4G 5G
Data Transfer Rate 3.1 MB/sec 100 MB/sec 10 GB/sec
Page 25
LOGO
Network cells
CELL :
• It is a geographical
unit of a cellular network;
• Is the area around an antenna
where a specific frequency
range is used;
• is represented graphically as a
hexagonal shape,
• but in reality it is irregular in shape
• Why hexagonal?
Page 26
LOGO
Cell shape
a) Square
b) Triangle
c) Circle
d) hexagonal
Page 27
LOGO
Network cells
Page 28
LOGO
Frequency reuse
Page 29
LOGO
Types of cells
Page 30
LOGO
Page 31
LOGO
Base station
Microwave antenna
Page 32
LOGO Cellular network components
Page 33
LOGO
Cellular network components
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) – main component of a cell and
it connects the subscribers to the cellular network; for
• transmission/reception of information it uses several
• antennas spread across the cell.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JZG9x_VOwA
Page 34
LOGO
Handover
Page 36
LOGO
GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Page 37
LOGO MOBILE EQUIPMENT
Page 38
LOGO SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE(SIM)
Page 39
LOGO
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE BASE
STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS)
Page 40
LOGO BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS):
Page 41
LOGO BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC)
Page 42
LOGO
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE NETWORK
SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM(NSS)
Page 43
LOGO MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER (MSC)
Page 44
LOGO HOME LOCATION REGISTERS (HLR)
Page 45
LOGO
VISITOR LOCATION REGISTERS (VLR)
Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters
its area, by HLR database
Assigns a TMSI to each MS entering the VLR area which keeps on
• changing.
Controls those mobiles roaming in its area
Page 46
LOGO
AUTHENTICATION CENTER (AUC)
Page 47
LOGO EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR)
Page 48
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTRE
LOGO
(OMC)
Functions :
- configuration management
- fault report and alarm handling
- performance supervision/management
- storage of system software and data
Page 49
LOGO
OMC
Page 50
LOGO
Roaming
Allowing the subscriber to send/receive calls outside
the service provider’s coverage area
Page 51
THANK
YOU