目 录

前言
List 1
List 2
List 3
List 4
List 5
List 6
List 7
List 8
List 9
List 10
List 11
List 12
List 13
List 14
List 15
List 16
List 17
List 18
List 19
List 20
List 21
List 22
List 23
List 24
List 25
List 26
List 27
List 28
List 29
List 30
List 31
索引
 前言

本书是《GRE核心词汇考法精析：第2版》的浓缩精华版，开本小
巧，方便考生随身携带。

本书保留了大本书中最核心的部分——单词及其中英文释义，删除
了例、派、同反义词。书中共收录3041个单词，涵盖上一版中的核心高
频词汇，删除了部分低频词，加入2014年以来新GRE考试中出现的新词。

本书特色具体如下：

结构科学：本书共有31个List，每个List 100个单词（除最后一个
List以外）。考生可以循序渐进地进行学习，更加牢固地掌握每个单
词。

释义准确：所有单词的解释均结合GRE考试的常考含义进行筛选。英
文释义出自《美国传统词典》（American Heritage Dictionary）及GRE
官方指定的《韦氏大学词典》（Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary）。

结合实战：每条英文解释中均以下划线标记出单词考点所在，便于
考生迅速把握单词的考法特征，在平时背诵的过程中逐步由中式思维转
换为英式思维。

逆序编排：对所有单词进行逆序编排，避免只是记住单词的位置而
不是单词意思的情况出现。同时，逆序的排列也将一些形近词排列在了
一起，方便考生区分（更多形近词的区分可以参考微臣培训学校的“形
近词卡片”）。
 考生可将本书作为备考GRE第一阶段的词汇书。在GRE备考起步时，
将本书刷三遍（每遍约20个小时）。重点关注单词的中英文释义，最大
程度地避免考生对单词理解的偏差，攻克GRE考试中最核心的词汇，确保
背诵单词的命中率。三遍之后，可以认真学习《GRE核心词汇考法精析：
第2版》，确保核心单词识记的深度。对于要参加GRE培训班的学员，建
议在培训之前至少将本书翻看一遍。

编者
 List 1

coda ［ˈkoʊdə］n. 终曲：the concluding passage of a movement or

composition

panacea ［ˌpænəˈsiːə］n. 万能药，万灵药：a remedy for all ills or

difficulties

nostalgia ［nəˈstælʤə］n. 怀旧，怀念：a wistful or excessively

sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable
condition

mania ［ˈmeɪniə］n. 热衷，狂热：an excessively intense enthusiasm,

interest, or desire; a craze

cornucopia ［ˌkɔːrnjuˈkoʊpiə］n. 大量：an overflowing store; an

abundance

euphoria ［juːˈfɔːriə］n. 感觉极其愉快：a state of over-whelming usually

pleasurable emotion

sequela ［siˈkwɪːlə］n. 结果：a secondary consequence or result

anathema ［əˈnæθəmə］n. 令人讨厌的事物：a ban or curse solemnly

pronounced by ecclesiastical authority and accompanied by excommunication
enigma ［ɪˈnɪgmə］n. 难以理解或解释的事物，谜：something hard to
understand or explain

stigma ［ˈstɪgmə］n. 耻辱，污名：a mark of shame or discredit

coma ［ˈkoʊmə］n. 昏迷，深度无知觉：a state of profound

unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison

charisma ［kəˈrɪzmə］n. 魅力，吸引力：a special magnetic charm or

appeal

nirvana ［nɪrˈvɑːnə］n. 天堂，极乐世界：an often imaginary place or

state of utter perfection and happiness

stamina ［ˈstæmɪnə］n. 耐力：physical or moral strength to resist or

withstand illness, fatigue, or hardship

patina ［pəˈtiːnə］n. 外表：a superficial covering or exterior

n. （由内而外散发的）氛围，气场：an appearance or aura that is derived

from association, habit, or established character

chimera ［kaɪˈmɪrə］n. 虚构的事物，幻觉：an illusion or fabrication of

the mind, especially an unrealiz-able dream

plethora ［ˈpleθərə］n. 过量，过剩：excess, superfluity

bravura ［brəˈvʊərə］adj./n. 优秀演技（的）：brilliant technique or
style in performance

quota ［ˈkwoʊtə］n. 配额，限额：a proportional part or share

drab ［dræb］adj. 单调的，无聊的：characterized by dullness and

monotony

ad-lib ［ˌædˈlɪb］adj. 即兴的：made or done without previous thought or

preparation

glib ［glɪb］adj. 流利圆滑的（常含有不真诚或欺诈的成分），油腔滑

调的：marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of
being insincere or deceitful

adj. 缺乏深度的，肤浅的：lacking depth and substance

succumb ［səˈkʌm］vi. 屈服：to yield to superior strength or force or

overpowering appeal or desire

vi. 死亡：to be brought to an end（as death）by the effect of destructive or

disruptive forces

plumb ［plʌm］adj. 完全的，绝对的：having no exceptions or

restrictions

vt. 仔细深入地检查；探索，探究：to examine closely or deeply

numb ［nʌm］adj. 麻木的，无感情的：devoid of emotion

barb ［bɑːrb］n. 尖锐而严厉的批评：a biting or pointedly critical remark

or comment

snub ［snʌb］vt. 轻视，不理睬：to treat with contempt or neglect

archaic ［ɑːrˈkeɪɪk］adj. 过时的，久远的：no longer current or

applicable; antiquated

mosaic ［moʊˈzeɪɪk］n. 综合物，马赛克般的东西：an unorganized

collection or mixture of various things

prosaic ［prəˈzeɪɪk］adj. 单调的，常见的：being of the type that is

encountered in the normal course of events

acerbic ［əˈsɜːrbɪk］adj. （心情、心境或者语调）尖酸的：marked by

the use of wit that is intended to cause hurt feelings

cherubic ［tʃəˈruːbik］adj. 天使般可爱的：innocent looking usually

chubby and rosy

sporadic ［spəˈrædɪk］adj. 断断续续的：not often occurring or repeated

encyclopedic ［ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk］adj. 全面的，百科全书式的：covering

everything or all important points
episodic ［ˌepɪˈsɑːdɪk］adj. 片段的，断断续续的：lacking in steadiness
or regularity of occurrence

soporific ［ˌsɑːpəˈrɪfɪk］n. 催眠的药剂，安眠药：a drug or other

substance that induces sleep

adj. 催眠的：causing or tending to cause sleep

lethargic ［ləˈθɑːrʤɪk］adj. 没精打采的，行动迟缓的：of, relating to,

or characterized by lethargy, sluggish

synergic ［sɪˈnəːrʤɪk］adj. 合作的，1+1>2: working

together：cooperating

chic ［tʃiːk］adj. 时髦的，潮的：being in the latest or current fashion

hagiographic ［ˌhægiˈɑːgrəfik］adj. 捧为圣人一般的，过分谄媚的：of,

relating to, or being hagiography; overly or insincerely flattering

monolithic ［ˌmɑːnəˈlɪθɪk］adj. 大一统的：constituting or acting as a

single, often rigid, uniform whole

diabolic ［ˌdaɪəˈbɑːlɪk］adj. 恶魔一般的：of, relating to, or characteristic

of the devil

catholic ［ˈkæθlɪk］adj. 普遍的，包容的：not limited or specialized in

application or purpose
vitriolic ［ˌvɪtriˈɑːlɪk］adj. （言辞）刻薄的：bitterly scathing

panoramic ［ˌpænəˈræmɪk］adj. 全景的：of an unobstructed or complete

view of an area in every direction

pandemic ［pænˈdemɪk］adj. 大范围流行的：widespread; general

endemic ［enˈdemɪk］adj. 地方性的：prevalent in or peculiar to a

particular locality, region, or people

polemic ［pəˈlemɪk］n. 争执：a controversial argument

anemic ［əˈniːmɪk］adj. 缺乏力量、活力、精神的：lacking force,

vitality, or spirit

arrhythmic ［əˈrɪðmɪk］adj. 不规律的：lacking rhythm or regularity

mimic ［ˈmɪmɪk］adj. 仿真的，仿造的：being such in appearance only

and made with or manufactured from usually cheaper material

vt. 模仿：to use（someone or something）as the model for one's speech,

mannerisms, or behavior

anthropogenic ［ˌænθrəpəˈʤenɪk］adj. 人为的：resulting from the

influence of human beings on nature

laconic ［ləˈkɑːnɪk］adj. 简洁的（以至于显得粗鲁或难以理

解）：using or involving the use of a minimum of words：concise to the
point of seeming rude or mysterious

histrionic ［ˌhɪstriˈɑːnɪk］adj. 夸张做作的：dramatic, exaggerated, and

insincere

chronic ［ˈkrɑːnɪk］adj. 经常发生的，复发的：marked by long duration

or frequent recurrence

tonic ［ˈtɑːnɪk］adj. 滋补的，有益健康的：producing or stimulating

physical, mental, or emotional vigor; beneficial to the health of body or mind

embryonic ［ˌembriˈɑːnɪk］adj. 初期的，萌芽阶段的：being in an early

stage of development

runic ［ˈruːnik］adj. 神秘的：having some secret or mysterious meaning

cynic ［ˈsɪnɪk］n. 反人类的喷子：a person who believes all people are

motivated by selfishness

stoic ［ˈstoʊɪk］adj. 隐忍的，冷静的：seemingly indifferent to or

unaffected by pleasure or pain

epic ［ˈepɪk］adj. 宏大的，超凡脱俗的：surpassing the usual or

ordinary, particularly in scope or size

philanthropic ［ˌfɪlənˈθrɑːpɪk］adj. 博爱的，为他人着想的：having or

showing a concern for the welfare of others

misanthropic ［ˌmɪsənˈθrɑːpɪk］adj. 反人类的：having or showing a

deep distrust of human beings and their motives

myopic ［maɪˈɑːpɪk］adj. 缺乏远见的，缺乏辨别能力的：a lack of

foresight or discernment

choleric ［ˈkɑːlərɪk］adj. 易怒的，暴躁的：easily angered; bad-tempered

mesmeric ［mezˈmerɪk］adj. 令人着迷的，难以抗拒的：attracting and

holding interest as if by a spell

generic ［ʤəˈnerɪk］adj. 无差别的，普遍的：having no particularly

distinctive quality or application

esoteric ［ˌesəˈterɪk］adj. 深奥难懂的：difficult for one of ordinary

knowledge or intelligence to understand

meteoric ［ˌmiːtiˈɔːrɪk］adj. 流星般迅速而短暂的：similar to a meteor

in speed, brilliance, or brevity

eccentric ［ɪkˈsentrɪk］adj. 行为出格的，不循规蹈矩的：deviating

from conventional or accepted usage or conduct

panegyric ［ˌpænəˈʤɪrɪk］n. 赞颂之词，颂文：an eulogistic oration or

writing
lyric ［ˈlɪrɪk］adj. 如诗歌般流畅甜美的：having a pleasantly flowing
quality suggestive of poetry or music

intrinsic ［ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk］adj. 固有的，内在的：of or relating to the

essential nature of a thing

dramatic ［drəˈmætɪk］adj. 显著的，惹人注意的：striking in

appearance or effect

melodramatic ［ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk］adj. 感情夸张的，伤感

的：exaggeratedly emotional or sentimental; histrionic

pragmatic ［prægˈmætɪk］adj. 实用主义的，务实的：a practical

approach to problems and affairs

phlegmatic ［flegˈmætɪk］adj. 冷静的，无感情的，淡漠的：having or

suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional

dogmatic ［dɔːgˈmætɪk］adj. 武断的，自以为是的：given to or marked

by the forceful expression of strongly held opinions

axiomatic ［ˌæksiəˈmætɪk］adj. 不言自明的：taken for granted, self-

evident

diplomatic ［ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk］adj. 使用策略的，机智的：employing tact

and conciliation especially in situations of stress
chromatic ［krəˈmætɪk］adj. 彩色的：relating to colors or color

monochromatic ［ˌmɑːnəkroʊˈmætɪk］adj. 单调无聊的：lacking variety,

creativity, or excitement

somatic ［səˈmætɪk］adj. 肉体的：of the body, especially as distinguished

from a body part, the mind, or the environment

automatic ［ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk］adj. 自发的，情不自禁的：acting or done

spontaneously or unconsciously

traumatic ［traʊˈmætɪk］adj. 造成创伤的，痛苦的：something

shocking and upsetting, and may cause psychological damage

fanatic ［fəˈnætɪk］n. 狂热者：a person marked or motivated by an

extreme, unreasoning enthusiasm, as for a cause

adj. 狂热的；盲信的：marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense

uncritical devotion

bureaucratic ［ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk］adj. 官僚主义的：involving complicated

rules and procedures which can cause long delays

erratic ［ɪˈrætɪk］adj. 善变的：not staying constant

static ［ˈstætɪk］adj. 静态的；停滞的：characterized by a lack of

movement, animation, or progression
didactic ［daɪˈdæktɪk］adj. 喜欢说教的，思修的：designed or intended
to teach

eclectic ［ɪˈklektɪk］adj. 混合的，多元化的：composed of elements

drawn from various sources

apoplectic ［ˌæpəˈplektɪk］adj. 极度愤怒的：extremely angry; furious

ascetic ［əˈsetɪk］n./adj. 自制的（人）：practicing strict self-denial as a

measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline

prophetic ［prəˈfetɪk］adj. 预言的，预示的：foretelling events：

predictive

bathetic ［bəˈθetɪk］adj. 平凡的，陈腐的：characterized by exceptional

commonplaceness

anesthetic ［ˌænəsˈθetɪk］adj. 无感觉的，麻木的：lacking awareness or

sensitivity

hermetic ［hɜːrˈmetɪk］adj. 深奥的：relating to or characterized by

occultism or abstruseness

peripatetic ［ˌperipəˈtetɪk］adj. 巡游的，四处游历的：walking about or

from place to place

politic ［ˈpɑːlətɪk］adj. 合时宜的，明智的，高情商的：suitable for

bringing about a desired result under the circumstances

antic ［ˈæntɪk］adj. 滑稽可笑的：characterized by clownish extravagance

or absurdity
 List 2

gigantic ［ʤaɪˈgæntɪk］adj. 巨大的：unusually large

authentic ［ɔːˈθentɪk］adj. 真实的，非仿造的：being exactly as appears

or as claimed

demotic ［dɪˈmɑːtɪk］adj. 通俗的，大众化的：popular, common

hypnotic ［hɪpˈnɑːtɪk］adj. 催眠的：tending to cause sleep

despotic ［dɪˈspɑːtɪk］adj. 专制的，暴虐的：arbitrary, autocratic,

monocratic, tyrannical

exotic ［ɪgˈzɑːtɪk］adj. 外来的，不同寻常的：excitingly or mysteriously

unusual

quixotic ［kwɪkˈsɑːtɪk］adj. 不切实际的，空想的：having or marked by

a tendency to be guided more by ideals than by reality

dyspeptic ［dɪsˈpeptɪk］adj. 脾气坏的：bad-tempered

septic ［ˈseptɪk］adj. 腐败的，感染的：of, relating to, or causing

putrefaction
aseptic ［ˌeɪˈseptɪk］adj. 消毒的，无菌的：preventing infection

apocalyptic ［əˌpɑːkəˈlɪptɪk］adj. 预言的，启示的：of a revelatory or

prophetic nature

adj. 重要的，转折点的：of, relating to, or being a major turning point

cryptic ［ˈkrɪptɪk］adj. 秘密的：secret or occult

adj. 难以理解的：being beyond one's powers to know, understand, or explain

elastic ［ɪˈlæstɪk］adj. 有弹性的：easily resuming original shape after

being stretched or expanded

adj. 能（迅速从伤痛中）恢复的：capable of recovering quickly especially

from depression or disappointment

plastic ［ˈplæstɪk］adj. 可塑的：susceptible of being modified in form or

nature

majestic ［məˈʤestɪk］adj. 宏伟壮丽的：large and impressively

beautiful

pessimistic ［ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk］adj. 悲观的：tending to stress the negative or

unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view

chauvinistic ［ˌʃəʊvɪˈnɪstɪk］adj. 盲目爱国的：having or showing

excessive favoritism towards one's own country
egoistic ［ˌegoʊˈɪstɪk］adj. 利己的，以自我为中心的：being centered in
or preoccupied with oneself and the gratification of one's own desires

narcissistic ［ˌnɑːrsɪˈsɪstɪk］adj. 自恋的：having an undue fascination

with oneself

caustic ［ˈkɔːstɪk］adj. 挖苦讽刺的，刻薄的：marked by incisive

sarcasms

rustic ［ˈrʌstɪk］n. 乡下人，头脑简单的人：an awkward or simple

person especially from a small town or the country

adj. 乡村的：of, relating to, associated with, or typical of open areas with few
buildings or people

adj. 粗俗的：lacking in social graces or polish

therapeutic ［ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk］adj. 治疗的，有疗效的：of or relating to the

treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods

ad hoc ［ˌædˈhɑːk］adj. 专门的：concerned with a particular end or

purpose

havoc ［ˈhævək］n. 大混乱：a state in which everything is out of order

dread ［dred］n. 恐惧：great fear especially in the face of impending evil

proofread ［ˈpruːfriːd］vt. 校对：to read（copy or proof）in order to find

errors and mark corrections

fad ［fæd］n. （短暂的）流行，时尚：a practice or interest that is very

popular for a short time

myriad ［ˈmɪriəd］adj. 无限的，大量的：constituting a very large,

indefinite number

ironclad ［ˈaɪərnklæd］adj. 非常坚固的，坚不可摧的：so firm or secure

as to be unbreakable

nomad ［ˈnoʊmæd］adj./n. 游牧的；居无定所的人：a member of a

people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually
seasonally and within a well-defined territory

goad ［goʊd］vt. 刺激，驱使，激发：to incite or rouse as if with a goad

embed ［ɪmˈbed］vt. 嵌入：to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix

self-absorbed ［ˌselfəbˈsɔːrbd］adj. 自恋的，自私的：absorbed in one's

own thoughts, activities, or interests

barefaced ［ˈberfeɪst］adj. 公然的，厚颜无耻的：undisguisedly bold;

brazen

wrongheaded ［ˌrɔːŋˈhedɪd］adj. 固执己见的，坚持（错误观点）

的：stubborn in adherence to wrong opinion or principles
levelheaded ［ˌlevlˈhedɪd］adj. 明智的：characteristically self-composed
and sensible

jaded ［ˈʤeɪdɪd］adj. 厌倦的，没兴趣没热情的：having one's patience,

interest, or pleasure exhausted

lopsided ［ˌlɑːpˈsaɪdɪd］adj. 不平衡的，不协调的：lacking in balance,

symmetry, or proportion

backhanded ［ˌbækˈhændɪd］adj. 间接的：indirect, devious, especially

sarcastic

ham-handed ［ˈhæmhændɪd］adj. 笨手笨脚的：lacking dexterity or

grace

outmoded ［ˌaʊtˈmoʊdɪd］adj. 过时的，废弃的：no longer acceptable,

current, or usable

secluded ［sɪˈkluːdɪd］adj. 僻静的，隐蔽的：screened or hidden from

view

ragged ［ˈrægɪd］adj. 凹凸不平的，光滑的：not having a level or

smooth surface

dogged ［ˈdɔːgɪd］adj. 固执的，任性的：sticking to an opinion, purpose,

or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
far-fetched ［ˈfɑːr fetʃt］adj. 牵强的，不可信的：not likely to be true or
to occur

wretched ［ˈretʃɪd］adj. 极差的：very poor in quality or ability

adj. 沮丧的：deeply afflicted, dejected, or distressed in body or mind

polished ［ˈpɑːlɪʃt］adj. 有教养的：showing a high degree of refinement

and the assurance that comes from wide social experience

cherished ［ˈtʃerɪʃt］adj. 受喜爱的，珍爱的：granted special treatment or

attention

watershed ［ˈwɔːtərʃed］n. 重要关头，分水岭：a crucial dividing point:

turning point

full-bodied ［fʊlˈbɑːdid］adj. 重要的：having importance, significance,

or meaningfulness

dignified ［ˈdɪgnɪfaɪd］adj. 高贵庄严的：serious and somewhat formal

serried ［ˈserid］adj. 密集的：having little space between items or parts

half-baked ［ˌhæf ˈbeɪkt］adj. 不明智的：showing or marked by a lack of

good sense or judgment

wicked ［ˈwɪkɪd］adj. 邪恶的：morally very bad

dappled ［ˈdæpld］adj. 有斑点的，带花的：marked with small spots or
contrasting with the background; mottled, spotted

ingrained ［ɪnˈgreɪnd］adj. 本质的，根深蒂固的：forming a part of the

essence or inmost being; firmly established

thick-skinned ［ˌθɪkˈskɪnd］adj. 冷漠无情的，不顾及他人感受

的：largely unaffected by the needs and feelings of other people

cramped ［kræmpt］n. 狭小的，狭窄的：uncomfortably small or

restricted

ill-bred ［ˈɪlˈbred］adj. 没有教养的，没有礼貌的：badly brought up or

showing bad upbringing: impolite

kindred ［ˈkɪndrəd］adj. 类似的；具有相似或相近的起源、本性或性

质的：having a similar or related origin, nature, or character

mannered ［ˈmænərd］adj. 不自然的，做作的：having an artificial or

stilted character

unlettered ［ˌʌnˈletərd］adj. 未受教育的，文盲的：not adept at reading

and writing; deficient in the knowledge that can be acquired from books;
illiterate

shred ［ʃred］n. 少量：a small amount; a particle

enamored ［ɪˈnæmərd］adj. 迷恋的，热爱的：filled with an intense or
excessive love for

measured ［ˈmeʒərd］adj. 深思熟虑的，审慎的：deliberated, calculated

versed ［vɜːrst］adj. 熟知的：having information especially as a result of

study or experience

depressed ［dɪˈprest］adj. 不开心的，情绪不高的，消沉的：feeling

unhappiness

sophisticated ［səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd］adj. 精明的，老于世故的：having

acquired worldly knowledge or refinement; lacking natural simplicity or
naiveté

adj. 复杂的：very complex or complicated

dated ［ˈdeɪtɪd］adj. 过时的：having passed its time of use or usefulness;

out-of-date

variegated ［ˈverɪgeɪtɪd］adj. 杂色的，斑驳的：having discrete

markings of different colors

corrugated ［ˈkɔːrəgeɪtɪd］adj. 褶皱的：shaped into a series of regular

folds that look like waves

calculated ［ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd］adj. 经过计算（成败得失）的，经过深思

熟虑的：engaged in, undertaken, or displayed after reckoning or estimating
the statistical probability of success or failure

antiquated ［ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd］adj. 古老的，过时的：outmoded or

discredited by reason of age: being out of style or fashion

disaffected ［ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd］adj. 不满的，叛逆的：discontented and

resentful especially against authority; rebellious

merited ［ˈmerɪtɪd］adj. 应得的，理所当然的：being what is called for

by accepted standards of right and wrong

acquainted ［əˈkweɪntɪd］adj. 熟悉的：having information especially as

a result of study or experience

disjointed ［dɪsˈʤɔɪntɪd］adj. 不连贯的：not clearly or logically

connected

unwonted ［ʌnˈwoʊntɪd］adj. 不习惯的，不寻常的：not habitual or

ordinary; unusual

devoted ［dɪˈvoʊtɪd］adj. 投入的；忠诚的：characterized by loyalty and

devotion

halfhearted ［ˌhɑːfˈhɑːrtɪd］adj. 不感兴趣的，不热情的：lacking heart,

spirit, or interest
stouthearted ［ˌstaʊtˈhɑːrtɪd］adj. 勇敢的：having a stout heart or spirit

concerted ［kənˈsɜːrtɪd］adj. 共同完成的：planned or accomplished

together

disinterested ［dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd］adj. 公正的，无偏见的：free from selfish

motive or interest: unbiased

tightfisted ［ˈtaɪtˌfɪstɪd］adj. 吝啬的：close-fisted; stingy

committed ［kəˈmɪtɪd］adj. 忠诚的，忠实的：loyal to a belief,

organization, or group, and willing to work hard for it

convoluted ［ˈkɑːnvəluːtɪd］adj. 复杂的，费解的：complicated; intricate

contrived ［kənˈtraɪvd］adj. 不自然的，刻意的：lacking in natural or

spontaneous quality

reserved ［rɪˈzɜːrvd］adj. 内向的，缄默的：restrained in words and

actions

hackneyed ［ˈhæknid］adj. 陈腐的，缺乏创新的：lacking in freshness

or originality

upbraid ［ʌpˈbreɪd］vt. （严厉地）谴责，责骂：to reproach severely

rabid ［ˈreɪbɪd］adj. 狂热的，不冷静的：extremely zealous or
enthusiastic; fanatical

morbid ［ˈmɔːrbɪd］adj. 疾病的，疾病所致的：affected with or induced

by disease

adj. （思想性格）变态的：characterized by preoccupation with

unwholesome thoughts or feelings

turbid ［ˈtɜːrbɪd］adj. 混浊的：deficient in clarity or purity

placid ［ˈplæsɪd］adj. 冷静的，淡定的：free from emotional or mental

agitation

flaccid ［ˈflæsɪd］adj. 不结实的，松弛的：not firm or stiff; lacking

normal or youthful firmness

viscid ［ˈvɪsɪd］adj. 有粘性的：having a glutinous consistency

lucid ［ˈluːsɪd］adj. 表达清晰的，简单易懂的：easily understood

pellucid ［pəˈluːsɪd］adj. 清晰明确的，易懂的：transparently clear in

style or meaning

sordid ［ˈsɔːrdɪd］adj. 肮脏的，不干净的：not clean

adj. 卑鄙的：marked by baseness or grossness

frigid ［ˈfrɪʤɪd］adj. 严寒的：extremely cold

adj. 冷漠的：lacking warmth or ardor

 List 3

turgid ［ˈtɜːrʤɪd］adj. 浮夸的，过分装饰的：excessively embellished

in style or language

squalid ［ˈskwɑːlɪd］adj. 污秽的，肮脏的：dirty and wretched

pallid ［ˈpælɪd］adj. 无生气的，缺乏活力的：lacking in radiance or

vitality; dull

adj. 苍白无血色的：having an abnormally pale or wan complexion

solid ［ˈsɑːlɪd］adj. 有理有据的：based on sound reasoning or

information

stolid ［ˈstɑːlɪd］adj. 无动于衷的，感情麻木的：having or revealing

little emotion or sensibility

timid ［ˈtɪmɪd］adj. 胆小的，不自信的：lacking in courage or self-

confidence

paranoid ［ˈpærənɔɪd］adj. 多疑的，对他人极端恐惧和怀疑

的：exhibiting or characterized by extreme and irrational fear or distrust of
others
vapid ［ˈvæpɪd］adj. 无趣的，乏味的：lacking liveliness, animation, or
interest

intrepid ［ɪnˈtrepɪd］adj. 大胆的：characterized by resolute fearlessness,

fortitude, and endurance

tepid ［ˈtepɪd］adj. 不太热心的：showing little or no interest or

enthusiasm

insipid ［ɪnˈsɪpɪd］adj. 平淡的，无聊的：lacking in qualities that

interest, stimulate, or challenge

limpid ［ˈlɪmpɪd］adj. 清澈透明的：characterized by transparent

clearness

torpid ［ˈtɔːrpɪd］adj. 麻木的，没有知觉的：lacking in sensation or

feeling

arid ［ˈærɪd］adj. 干燥的：marked by little or no precipitation or

humidity

adj. 无趣的，无聊的：causing weariness, restlessness, or lack of interest

hybrid ［ˈhaɪbrɪd］n. 杂交品种，混合品种：something of mixed origin

or composition

adj. 杂交的：being offspring produced by parents of different races, breeds,

species, or genera
acrid ［ˈækrɪd］adj. 刻薄的：marked by the use of wit that is intended to
cause hurt feelings

florid ［ˈflɔːrɪd］adj. 辞藻华丽的，花哨的：full of fine words and fancy

expressions

torrid ［ˈtɔːrɪd］adj. 酷热的：intensely hot

adj. 热情的，情感深厚的：having or expressing great depth of feeling

lurid ［ˈlʊrɪd］adj. 恐怖的，令人反感的：causing horror or revulsion

fetid ［ˈfetɪd］adj. 恶臭的：having a heavy offensive smell

languid ［ˈlæŋgwɪd］adj. 没精打采的，虚弱的：lacking energy or

vitality; weak

avid ［ˈævɪd］adj. 急切渴望的：marked by keen interest and enthusiasm

fervid ［ˈfɜːrvɪd］adj. 酷热的：having a notably high temperature

adj. 热情的：marked by great passion or zeal

piebald ［ˈpaɪbɔːld］adj. 混合的，杂糅而成的：consisting of many

things of different sorts

ribald ［ˈraɪbɔːld］adj. （举止、言语）下流粗俗的：char-acterized by

or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor

herald ［ˈherəld］vt. 预示，预兆：to give a slight indication of

beforehand

gild ［gɪld］vt. （带欺骗性地）修改，润色：to give an often

deceptively attractive or improved appearance to

chokehold ［ˈtʃoʊkhoəld］n. 压制：a force or influence that stops

something from growing or developing

withhold ［wɪðˈhoʊld］vt. 抑制；扣压，不给予：to hold back from

action; to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing

uphold ［ʌpˈhoʊld］vt. 支持，赞成：to give support to

untold ［ʌnˈtoʊld］adj. 数不清的，无数的：too great or numerous to

count

husband ［ˈhʌzbənd］vt. 节俭，勤俭持家：to use sparingly or

economically

offhand ［ˌɔːfˈhænd］adj. 即兴的，没有准备的：without premeditation

or preparation

bland ［blænd］adj. 无趣的：dull, insipid

countermand ［ˈkaʊntərmænd］vt. 取消，撤销：to revoke（a
command）by a contrary order

strand ［strænd］vt. 遗弃，使置于困境：to leave in a strange or an

unfavorable place especially without funds or means to depart

grandstand ［ˈgrænstænd］vi. 为了给人留下印象而表演，哗众取

宠：to play or act so as to impress onlookers

descend ［dɪˈsend］v. 下降：to lead or extend downward

v. 世代相传：to originate or come from an ancestral stock or source, to pass

by inheritance

transcend ［trænˈsend］vt. 超越，超过极限：to rise above or go beyond

the limits of

reprehend ［reprɪˈhend］vt. 谴责，责难，批评：to express one's

unfavorable opinion of the worth or quality of

comprehend ［ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend］vt. 理解，了解：to grasp the nature,

significance, or meaning of

vt. 包括，包含：to contain or hold within a total scope, significance, or

amount

commend ［kəˈmend］vt. 赞扬：to mention with approbation: praise

suspend ［səˈspend］vi. 暂停，中止：to bring to a formal close for a
period of time

rend ［rend］vt. 撕裂，猛拉：to tear or split apart or into pieces violently

contend ［kənˈtend］vi. 竞争，争夺：to strive or vie in contest or rivalry

or against difficulties

vt. 声明，声称：to state as a fact usually forcefully

distend ［dɪˈstend］v. （使）膨胀：to（cause to）swell out or expand

from or as if from internal pressure

rescind ［rɪˈsɪnd］vt. 废除，取消：to make void

abscond ［əbˈskɑːnd］v. 偷偷离开：to depart secretly and hide oneself

moribund ［ˈmɔːrɪbʌnd］adj. 即将过时的：on the verge of becoming

obsolete

fecund ［ˈfiːkənd］adj. 多产的，肥沃的：fruitful in offspring or

vegetation

rubicund ［ˈruːbɪkənd］adj. 红润的，健康的：inclined to a healthy

rosiness

jocund ［ˈʤɑːkənd］adj. 欢快的，高兴的：sprightly and lighthearted in

disposition, character, or quality

bound ［baʊnd］n. 界限：a real or imaginary point beyond which a person

or thing cannot go

adj. 投入的，坚定的：fully committed to achieving a goal

hidebound ［ˈhaɪdbaʊnd］adj. 死板的，极度保守的：tending to favor

established ideas, conditions, or institutions

confound ［kənˈfaʊnd］vt. 使困惑：to throw into a state of mental

uncertainty

vt. 证明为假，证伪：to prove to be false

compound ［ˈkɑːmpaʊnd］n. 混合物：something composed of or

resulting from union of separate elements, ingredients, or parts

adj. 混合的：consisting of two or more substances, ingredients, elements, or

parts

［kəmˈpaʊnd］vt. 混合：to put or bring together so as to form a new and

longer whole

vt. 使恶化，加重：to make worse, more serious, or more severe

foreground ［ˈfɔːrgraʊnd］vt. 强调，重视：to indicate the importance of

by centering attention on

sound ［saʊnd］adj. 牢固的，不可动摇的：marked by the ability to

withstand stress without structural damage or distortion

adj. 健康的，强壮的：free from injury or disease; exhibiting normal health

adj. （逻辑上）严谨的：based on valid reasoning

slipshod ［ˈslɪpʃɑːd］adj. 粗心的，随意的：marked by carelessness or

indifference to exactness, precision, and accuracy

falsehood ［ˈfɔːlshʊd］n. 谎言：a statement known by its maker to be

untrue and made in order to deceive

prod ［prɑːd］vt. 促使…行动：to try to persuade（someone）through

earnest appeals to follow a course of action

disregard ［ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑːrd］vt. 漠视，不关注：to pay no attention to

n. 缺乏兴趣，缺乏关心：lack of interest or concern

sluggard ［ˈslʌgərd］n. 懒人：an habitually lazy person

diehard ［ˈdaɪhɑːrd］adj. 顽固的，保守的 n. 顽固的人，保守的

人：strongly or fanatically determined or devoted/someone who opposes
change and refuses to accept new ideas

dullard ［ˈdʌlɑːrd］n. 笨蛋：a stupid or unimaginative person

canard ［kəˈnɑːrd］n. 谣传，误传：an unfounded or false, deliberately

misleading story
aboveboard ［əˈbʌvbɔːrd］adj. 无欺诈的，光明正大的：free from all
traces of deceit or duplicity

hoard ［hɔːrd］v. 贮藏，秘藏：to keep hidden or private

retard ［rɪˈtɑːrd］vt. 减速，延迟：to cause to move or proceed slowly;

delay or impede

safeguard ［ˈseɪfgɑːrd］n. 保护措施：a technical contrivance to prevent

accident

vt. 保护：to make safe; protect

awkward ［ˈɔːkwərd］adj. 缺乏灵活性和技巧的：lacking dexterity or

skill

adj. （处理问题）缺乏手段和智谋的：showing or marked by a lack of

skill and tact（as in dealing with a situation）

untoward ［ʌnˈtɔːrd］adj. 倒霉的，不吉利的：not favorable,

unpropitious

adj. 难以驯服的，难以驾驭的：given to resisting control or discipline by

others

wayward ［ˈweɪwərd］adj. 刚愎自用的，不服管束的：following one's

own capricious, wanton, or depraved inclinations
haphazard ［hæpˈhæzərd］adj. 无秩序的，无目标的：marked by lack
of plan, order, or direction

undergird ［ˌʌndərˈgɜːrd］vt. 加强，巩固…的底部：to support or

strengthen from beneath

accord ［əˈkɔːrd］n. 一致：a state of consistency

vi. 相符合，相一致：to be consistent or in harmony

vt. 授予，给予：to grant or give especially as appropriate, due, or earned

concord ［ˈkɑːŋkɔːrd］n. 一致，和睦：harmony or agreement of interests

or feelings; accord

discord ［ˈdɪskɔːrd］n. 意见不一致，不和谐：lack of agreement or

harmony（as between persons, things, or ideas）

chord ［kɔːrd］vi. 与…和谐一致；符合：to be in accord; agree

foreword ［ˈfɔːrwɜːrd］n. 前言：a preface or an introductory note, as for a

book, especially by a person other than the author

absurd ［əbˈsɜːrd］adj. 不合理的：ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or

incongruous

shroud ［ʃraʊd］vt. 将…从视线中隔离，遮蔽：to shut off from sight;

screen
shrewd ［ʃruːd］adj. 精明的，机敏的：having or showing a practical
cleverness or judgment

minutiae ［mɪˈnuːʃiiː］n. 次要的细节，小事：a minute or minor detail

imbibe ［ɪmˈbaɪb］v. 喝水，摄取水分：to take in（something liquid）

through small openings

gibe ［ʤaɪb］v. 嘲弄：to deride or tease with taunting words

jibe ［ʤaɪb］vi. 意见一致：to be in accord: agree

bribe ［braɪb］v. 贿赂，收买：to give something, such as money or a

favor, to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or
conduct

circumscribe ［ˈsɜːrkəmskraɪb］vt. 限制：to limit narrowly; restrict

proscribe ［proʊˈskraɪb］vt. 禁止，排斥：to prohibit; forbid

diatribe ［ˈdaɪətraɪb］n. 长篇抨击性演讲：a long angry speech or

scolding

xenophobe ［ˈzenəfəʊb］n. 仇视（或畏惧）外国人（或外国事物）

者：one unduly fearful of what is foreign and especially of people of foreign
origin
probe ［proʊb］v./n. 深入调查：a penetrating or critical investigation

preface ［ˈprefəs］n. 序言：a preliminary statement or essay introducing a

book that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by
the author

efface ［ɪˈfeɪs］vt. 擦掉，抹去；使不明显：to eliminate or make

indistinct by or as if by wearing away a surface

solace ［ˈsɑːləs］n. 安慰：comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress

vt. 安慰，安抚：to comfort, cheer, or console, as in trouble or sorrow

commonplace ［ˈkɑːmənpleɪs］adj/n. 司空见惯的（事物），陈旧的

（事物）：used or heard so often as to be dull

menace ［ˈmenəs］vt. 威胁，使处于危险：to make a show of intention to

harm; to place in danger

embrace ［ɪmˈbreɪs］vt. 乐于接受：to take up willingly or eagerly

jaundice ［ˈʤɔːndɪs］n. （因嫉妒或厌世而产生的）偏见：to affect

with the negativity or bitterness of jaundice; bias
 List 4

cowardice ［ˈkaʊərdɪs］n. 懦弱，不坚定：lack of courage or resolution

edifice ［ˈedɪfɪs］n. 大厦；大建筑物：a large or massive structure

n. 基础，基本构架：the arrangement of parts that gives something its basic

form

splice ［splaɪs］vt. 接合，叠接：to unite（as two ropes）by interweaving

the strands, or to join（as two pieces of film）at the ends

rejoice ［rɪˈʤɔɪs］vi. 欣喜，喜悦：to feel joy or great delight

avarice ［ˈævərɪs］n. 贪财，贪婪：excessive or insatiable desire for

wealth or gain

caprice ［kəˈpriːs］n. 反复无常，善变：an inclination to change one's

mind impulsively

entice ［ɪnˈtaɪs］vt. 诱使：to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing

hope or desire: tempt; lure

novice ［ˈnɑːvɪs］n. 新手，初学者：a person new to a field or activity

arrogance ［ˈærəgəns］n. 傲慢，自大：overbearing pride

allegiance ［əˈliːʤəns］n. 忠诚：devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or

cause

variance ［ˈveriəns］n. 不一致，不和谐：a lack of agreement or

harmony

lance ［læns］vt. 刺穿，刺破：to penetrate or hold（something）with a

pointed object

surveillance ［sɜːrˈveɪləns］n. 监视，监控：close observation of a person

or group, especially one under suspicion

penance ［ˈpenəns］n. 忏悔：something that you do in order to show that

you are sorry about doing something wrong

countenance ［ˈkaʊntənəns］vt. 容忍：to put up with（something painful

or difficult）

vt. 赞成，推崇：to have a favorable opinion of

appurtenance ［əˈpɜːrtɪnəns］n. 附属物：a subordinate part or adjunct

provenance ［ˈprɑːvənəns］n. 来源，起源：origin, source

dissonance ［ˈdɪsənəns］n. （音调）不和谐；不一致，分歧：a harsh,

disagreeable combination of sounds; discord; lack of agreement, consistency,
or harmony; conflict

forbearance ［fɔːrˈberəns］n. 克制；忍耐：tolerance and restraint in the

face of provocation; patience

entrance ［ˈentrəns］n. 进入权，进入许可：the means or right of

entering or participating in

［ɪnˈtræns］vt. 使入迷：to fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment

remonstrance ［rɪˈmɑːnstrəns］n. 抗议，抱怨：an expression of protest,

complaint, or reproof, especially a formal statement of grievances

malfeasance ［mælˈfiːzns］n. 非法行为：improper or illegal behavior

complaisance ［kəmˈpleɪzəns］n. 愿意顺从，讨好，彬彬有

礼：disposition to please or comply: affability

obeisance ［oʊˈbiːsns］n. 敬礼；尊重：a movement of the body made in

token of respect or submission

renaissance ［ˈrenəsɑːns］n. 复兴：becomes popular again after a time

when people were not interested in it

puissance ［ˈpwɪsəns］n. 权力：power; might

impuissance ［ɪmˈpjuːɪsns］n. 无权，虚弱：lack of power or

effectiveness

pittance ［ˈpɪtns］n. 少量津贴：a small portion, amount, or allowance

nuance ［ˈnuːɑːns］n. 细微的差异：a subtle distinction or variation

abeyance ［əˈbeɪəns］n. 中止，搁置：temporary inactivity

decadence ［ˈdekədəns］n. 衰落，颓废：a process, condition, or period

of deterioration or decline; a change to a lower state or level

credence ［ˈkriːdns］n. 坚信：firm belief in the integrity, ability,

effectiveness, or genuineness of someone or something

resurgence ［rɪˈsɜːrʤəns］n. 复兴：a restoration to use, acceptance,

activity, or vigor

prescience ［ˈpresiəns］n. 预知，先见：knowledge of actions or events

before they occur

resilience ［rɪˈzɪliəns］n. 恢复能力：the ability to recover quickly from

illness, change, or misfortune

consilience ［kənˈsɪliəns］n. 融合：the linking together of principles from

different disciplines especially when forming a comprehensive theory

somnolence ［ˈsɑːmnələns］n. 瞌睡，嗜睡：the quality or state of

desiring or needing sleep

persistence ［pərˈsɪstəns］n. 坚持，持续：uninterrupted or lasting

existence

confluence ［ˈkɑːnfluəns］n. 汇合，混合：the coming together of two or

more things to the same point

consequence ［ˈkɑːnsəkwens］n. 结果：something produced by a cause or

necessarily following from a set of conditions

n. 重要性，价值：significance; importance

evince ［ɪˈvɪns］vt. 表明：to make known（something abstract）through

outward signs

province ［ˈprɑːvɪns］n. 职能范围：sphere or field of activity or

authority, as of a person

wince ［wɪns］vi. 畏缩：to shrink back involuntarily as from pain

ensconce ［ɪnˈskɑːns］vt. 安置：to settle（oneself）securely or

comfortably

vt. 隐藏：to put in a hiding place

denounce ［dɪˈnaʊns］vt. 公开指责：to express public or formal

disapproval of
renounce ［rɪˈnaʊns］vt. （正式地）放弃：to give up, refuse, or resign
usually by formal declaration

farce ［fɑːrs］n. 闹剧：ridiculous or empty show

coerce ［koʊˈɜːrs］vt. （以武力）强制：to achieve by force or threat

acquiesce ［ˌækwiˈes］v. 勉强同意；默许：to accept, comply, or submit

tacitly or passively

coalesce ［ˌkoʊəˈles］v. 合并，融合：to unite into a whole: fuse

convalesce ［ˌkɑːnvəˈles］vi. 渐渐康复，渐愈：to recover health and

strength gradually after sickness or weakness

effervesce ［ˌefərˈves］vi. 兴奋，热情洋溢：to show high spirits

oranimation

seduce ［sɪˈduːs］vt. 劝说（使不忠，使不服从），诱…误入歧途：to

attract or persuade to disobedience or disloyalty

induce ［ɪnˈdjuːs］v. 引发，导致：to be the cause of（a situation, action,

or state of mind）

truce ［truːs］n. 休战，休战协定：a suspension of fighting especially of

considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces
barricade ［ˌbæriˈkeɪd］n. 障碍物：an obstruction or rampart thrown up
across a way or passage

vt. 用障碍物阻止通过：to prevent access to by means of a barricade

cascade ［kæˈskeɪd］n. 一连串，大量：something falling or rushing forth

in quantity

renegade ［ˈrenɪgeɪd］n. 背教者，叛徒：one who rejects a religion,

cause, allegiance, or group for another; a deserter

accolade ［ˈækəleɪd］n. 同意，赞赏：an expression of approval

v. 赞扬：to praise or honor

abrade ［əˈbreɪd］v. 磨损，精神上折磨：to rub or wear away especially

by friction; wear down spiritually

masquerade ［ˌmæskəˈreɪd］n. 面具，伪装：a display of emotion or

behavior that is insincere or intended to deceive

vi. 伪装，掩饰：to disguise oneself

retrograde ［ˈretrəgreɪd］adj. 倒退的：moving or tending backward

vi. 退步，退化：to decline to a worse condition

tirade ［ˈtaɪreɪd］n. 长篇抨击性演讲：a long angry or violent speech,

usually of a censorious or denunciatory nature; a diatribe
dissuade ［dɪˈsweɪd］vt. 劝阻，反对：to deter（a person）from a course
of action or a purpose by persuasion or exhortation

pervade ［pərˈveɪd］vt. 弥漫，充满：to be present throughout; permeate

cede ［siːd］vt. （根据条约）放弃，割让：to surrender possession of,

especially by treaty

accede ［əkˈsiːd］v. 赞成：to express approval or give consent

secede ［sɪˈsiːd］vi. 脱离，退出（组织、团体、联盟等）：to withdraw

from an organization（as a religious communion or political party or
federation）

concede ［kənˈsiːd］vt. 承认：to grant as a right or privilege

impede ［ɪmˈpiːd］vt. 妨碍，阻碍：to interfere with or slow the progress

of

supersede ［ˌsuːpərˈsiːd］vt. 取代，替代：to displace in favor of another

chide ［tʃaɪd］v. 责备：to scold mildly so as to correct or improve

glide ［glaɪd］v. 轻松地行动，轻松地通过：to move or proceed

smoothly, continuously, and effortlessly
backslide ［ˈbækslaɪd］vi. （情况等）倒退，变坏：to revert to a worse
condition

bromide ［ˈbroʊmaɪd］n. 陈词滥调：a commonplace or hackneyed

statement or notion

deride ［dɪˈraɪd］vt. 嘲弄，嘲笑：to speak of or treat with contemptuous

mirth

override ［ˌoʊvərˈraɪd］vt. 推翻：to set aside

subside ［səbˈsaɪd］vi. 下陷，下沉，减弱：to tend downward

forebode ［fɔːrˈboʊd］v. 预示，预兆：to show signs of coming ill or

misfortune

decode ［ˌdiːˈkoʊd］vt. 解码：to change（as a secret message）from code

into ordinary language

vt. 对…有清晰想法，理解，解读：to have a clear idea of

implode ［ɪmˈploʊd］v. （使）剧烈收缩，（使）坍缩，（使）内爆：

to（cause to）collapse inward violently

discommode ［dɪskəˈmoʊd］vt. 打扰，使不便：to cause inconvenience

to: trouble
avant-garde ［ˌævɑːˈɡɑːrd］n. （尤指艺术上的）先锋派：an
intelligentsia that develops new or experimental concepts especially in the arts

preclude ［prɪˈkluːd］vt. 预先阻止：to make impossible, as by action

taken in advance

elude ［iˈluːd］vt. 躲闪，躲避：to avoid adroitly

vt. 使无法理解，使困惑：to escape the perception, understanding, or grasp

of

allude ［əˈluːd］vi. 间接提到：to convey an idea indirectly

collude ［kəˈljuːd］v. 串通，共谋（做坏事）：to act together secretly to

achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose; conspire

denude ［dɪˈnuːd］vt. 脱去，使赤裸：to divest of covering; make bare

prude ［pruːd］n. 过分正经的人：一个过分关心自己是否得体、谦逊

或正确的人：a person who is greatly concerned with seemly behavior and
morality especially regarding sexual matters

protrude ［proʊˈtruːd］vi. 突出：to jut out; project; bulge

solitude ［ˈsɑːlətuːd］n. 孤独，避世：the quality or state of being alone or

remote from society
magnitude ［ˈmægnɪtuːd］n. 重要，重大：greatness in significance or
influence

turpitude ［ˈtɜːrpətuːd］n. 卑鄙：inherent baseness: depravity

pulchritude ［ˈpʌlkrɪtjuːd］n. 美丽：great physical beauty and appeal

lassitude ［ˈlæsɪtuːd］n. 乏力，没精打采：a state or feeling of weariness,

diminished energy, or listlessness

vicissitude ［vɪˈsɪsɪtuːd］n. 自然变化，变迁兴衰：natural change or

mutation visible in nature or in human affairs

latitude ［ˈlætɪtuːd］n. （行动或言论）自由：freedom from normal

restraints, limitations, or regulations

platitude ［ˈplætɪtuːd］n. 陈词滥调：a trite or banal remark or statement,

especially one expressed as if it were original or significant

rectitude ［ˈrektɪtuːd］n. 正直：the quality or state of being straight;

moral integrity

certitude ［ˈsɜːrtɪtuːd］n. 确信无疑：the state of being or feeling certain

 List 5

exude ［ɪgˈzuːd］v. 分泌，流出：to flow forth slowly through small

openings

referee ［ˌrefəˈriː］n. 仲裁者；裁判员：a person who impartially decides

or resolves a dispute or controversy

vt. （就纠纷或争议）给出意见：to give an opinion about（something at

issue or in dispute）

carefree ［ˈkerfriː］adj. 无忧无虑的：free from care as having no worries

or troubles

repartee ［ˌrepɑːrˈtiː］n. 打趣，善意的玩笑：good-natured teasing or

exchanging of clever remarks

vouchsafe ［ˌvaʊtʃˈseɪf］vt. 允诺，给予：to grant or furnish often in a

gracious or condescending manner

fail-safe ［ˈfeɪlseɪf］n. 保险措施：a measure taken to preclude loss or

injury

adj. 万无一失的：having no chance of failure

gaffe ［gæf］n. （社交上）失礼，失态：a social or diplomatic blunder

rife ［raɪf］adj. 丰富的，普遍的：possessing or covered with great
numbers or amounts of something specified

disengage ［ˌdɪsɪnˈgeɪʤ］vt. 分开，使脱离：to set free from

entanglement or difficulty

persiflage ［ˈpɜːrsɪflɑːʒ］n. 打趣：good-natured teasing or exchanging of

clever remarks

camouflage ［ˈkæməflɑːʒ］v./n. 伪装；伪装手段：behavior or artifice

designed to deceive or hide

homage ［ˈhɑːmɪʤ］n. 尊敬，敬意：expression of high regard: respect

badinage ［ˌbædənˈɑːʒ］n. 打趣，善意的玩笑：playful repartee, banter

rage ［reɪʤ］n./v. 暴怒：violent and uncontrolled anger

disparage ［dɪˈspærɪʤ］vt. 贬低；轻蔑地说：to lower in rank or

reputation; to speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way; belittle

umbrage ［ˈʌmbrɪʤ］n. 不悦，生气：the feeling of being offended or

resentful after a slight or indignity

mirage ［məˈrɑːʒ］n. 海市蜃楼，幻想：something illusory and

unattainable like a mirage
forage ［ˈfɔːrɪʤ］vi. 寻找：to make a search

barrage ［bəˈrɑːʒ］n. 有压倒之势的、集中的倾泻（如言语）：an

over-whelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words

sage ［seɪʤ］n. 智者：one（as a profound philosopher）distinguished for

wisdom

presage ［ˈpresɪʤ］n. 征兆：something believed to be a sign or warning

of a future event

vt. 预示，预言：to foretell or predict

montage ［ˈmɒntɑːʒ］n. 大杂烩：an unorganized collection or mixture of

various things

sabotage ［ˈsæbətɑːʒ］n. 妨害，破坏：treacherous action to defeat or

hinder a cause or an endeavor; deliberate subversion

vt. 从事破坏活动，阻止：to practice sabotage on

assuage ［əˈsweɪʤ］vt. 缓和，减轻：to lessen the intensity of

salvage ［ˈsælvɪʤ］vt. （从灾难中）抢救：to save from loss or

destruction

hedge ［heʤ］v. 闪烁其词：to avoid giving a definite answer or position

abridge ［əˈbrɪʤ］v. 缩短，缩小：to shorten in duration or extent

dodge ［dɑːʤ］v. 躲避：to avoid（a blow, for example）by moving or

shifting quickly aside

hodgepodge ［ˈhɑːʤpɑːʤ］n. 大杂烩：a mixture of dissimilar

ingredients; a jumble

budge ［bʌʤ］v. 停止抵抗，屈服：to cease resistance（as to another's

arguments, demands, or control）

nudge ［nʌʤ］vt. 说服某人做某事：to try to persuade（someone）

through earnest appeals to follow a course of action

grudge ［grʌʤ］n. 怨恨，仇恨：a feeling of deep-seated resentment or ill

will

trudge ［trʌʤ］vi. 吃力而笨拙地走：to move heavily or clumsily

sacrilege ［ˈsækrəlɪʤ］n. 亵渎圣物：desecration, profanation, misuse, or

theft of something sacred

renege ［rɪˈniːg］vt. 放弃，摒弃：to solemnly or formally reject or go

back on（as something formerly adhered to）

beige ［beɪʒ］adj. 缺乏特征的：lacking distinction

prestige ［preˈstiːʒ］n. 声望，威望：the level of respect at which one is
regarded by others

vestige ［ˈvestɪʤ］n. 微小的遗迹，小痕迹：the smallest quantity or

trace

bulge ［bʌlʤ］n. 凸起：a protuberant or swollen part or place

divulge ［daɪˈvʌlʤ］vt. 泄漏（秘密）：to make known（as a confidence

or secret）

estrange ［ɪˈstreɪnʤ］vt. 使疏远，离间，使感情失和：to arouse

especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been
love, affection, or friendliness

revenge ［rɪˈvenʤ］n. 报复，复仇：an act or instance of retaliating in

order to get even

vt. 为…复仇：to avenge（as oneself）usually by retaliating in kind or degree

fringe ［frɪnʤ］n. 边缘：something that resembles such a border or

edging

constringe ［kənˈstrɪnʤ］vt. 使紧缩：to make narrow or draw together

singe ［sɪnʤ］vt. 轻微烧焦：to burn superficially or lightly

tinge ［tɪnʤ］vt. 给…着上少量的色彩：to color with a slight shade or

stain: tint

plunge ［plʌnʤ］vi. 突然下降：to descend or dip suddenly

surcharge ［ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrʤ］v./n. 过高收费：to charge（some-one）too

much for goods or services

discharge ［dɪsˈtʃɑːrʤ］vt. 解雇：to dismiss from employment

vt. 释放：to set free（as from slavery or confinement）

submerge ［səbˈmɜːrʤ］vt. 使淹没：to put under water

diverge ［daɪˈvɜːrʤ］vt. 改变方向：to change one's course or direction

vt. （使）分叉，散开：to（cause to）go or move in different directions

from a central point

vi. 分歧：to become or be different in character or form: differ in opinion

vi. 离题：to depart from a set course or norm; deviate

converge ［kənˈvɜːrʤ］v. 汇集，交汇于一点：tending to move toward

one point or one another

forge ［fɔːrʤ］v. 伪造：to make or imitate falsely especially with intent to

defraud

v. 锻造，铸就：to form（as metal）by or as if by heating and hammering

gorge ［gɔːrʤ］n. 峡谷：a narrow steep-walled canyon or part of a
canyon

v. 狼吞虎咽：to eat greedily or to repletion

disgorge ［dɪsˈgɔːrʤ］v. 呕吐出：to discharge by the throat and mouth;

vomit

scourge ［skɜːrʤ］n. 祸害：a source of harm or misfortune

gauge ［geɪʤ］n. 测量标准：a measurement（as of linear dimension）

according to some standard or system

vt. 判定：to determine the capacity or contents of

subterfuge ［ˈsʌbtərfjuːʤ］n. 诡计：deception by artifice or stratagem in

order to conceal, escape, or evade

deluge ［ˈdeljuːʤ］n. 大暴雨：a drenching rain

n. 大量：a great flow of water or of something that overwhelms

cache ［kæʃ］n. 囤货，藏货：a supply stored up and often hidden away

v. 隐藏：to put into a hiding place

panache ［pəˈnæʃ］n. 炫耀：dash or flamboyance in style and action

cliché ［kliːˈʃeɪ］n./adj. 陈词滥调（的）：a hackneyed theme,

characterization, or situation

pastiche ［pæˈstiːʃ］n. （带嘲讽的）模仿：a literary, artistic, musical, or

architectural work that imitates the style of previous work, often with satirical
intent

n. 大杂烩：a pasticcio of incongruous parts; a hodgepodge

gauche ［goʊʃ］adj. 笨拙的，缺乏社交经验的：lacking social

experience or grace

catastrophe ［kəˈtæstrəfi］n. 大灾难：the final event of the dramatic

action especially of a tragedy

n. 彻底的失败：utter failure: fiasco

loathe ［loʊð］vt. 厌恶：to dislike someone or something greatly; abhor

lithe ［laɪð］adj. 敏捷的，轻盈的：characterized by easy flexibility and

grace

adj. 柔软的：easily bent or flexed

blithe ［blaɪð］adj. 愉快高兴的：of a happy lighthearted character or

disposition

adj. 无忧无虑的；漫不经心的：having or showing freedom from worries or

troubles
soothe ［suːð］vt. 带来慰藉，安慰：to bring comfort, solace, or
reassurance to

hie ［haɪ］vi. 匆匆忙忙：to go quickly, hasten

rookie ［ˈrʊki］n. 新兵；新手；菜鸟：recruit; novice

belie ［bɪˈlaɪ］vt. 掩饰：to keep secret or shut off from view

vt. 与…相对立；与…相矛盾：to be counter to; contradict

bonhomie ［ˌbɑːnəˈmiː］n. 温和，和蔼：a pleasant and affable

disposition; geniality

stymie ［ˈstaɪmi］vt. 阻碍：to present an obstacle to

camaraderie ［ˌkɑːməˈrɑːdəri］n. 友情：a spirit of friendly good-

fellowship

slake ［sleɪk］vt. 使满足：to satisfy（a craving）; quench

brake ［breɪk］v. 刹车：to cause to move or proceed at a less rapid pace

forsake ［fərˈseɪk］vt. 彻底放弃，抛弃：to renounce or turn away from

entirely

spike ［ˈspaɪk］v. 激励：to give life, vigor, or spirit to

strike ［straɪk］n. 攻击：the act or action of setting upon with force or
violence

vt. 击打：to aim and usually deliver a blow, stroke, or thrust（as with the
hand, a weapon, or a tool）

vt. 袭击，攻击：to take sudden, violent action against

vt. 撞击：to come into usually forceful contact with something

stoke ［stoʊk］vt. 增大，促进：to make greater in size, amount, or

number

evoke ［ɪˈvoʊk］vt. 唤起，引发：to call forth or up

revoke ［rɪˈvoʊk］vt. 撤回，宣告无效：to annul by recalling or taking

back

invoke ［ɪnˈvoʊk］vt. 实施：to put into effect or operation

vt. 产生，造成：to be the cause of（a situation, action, or state of mind）

convoke ［kənˈvoʊk］v. 召集开会：to bring together by or as if by

summons

provoke ［prəˈvoʊk］vt. 激怒：to incite to anger or resentment

vt. 驱使，激起：to stir to action or feeling

yoke ［joʊk］v. 连接：to become joined or linked

bale ［beɪl］n. 痛苦，悲哀：woe, sorrow

hale ［heɪl］adj. 强壮的，健壮的：free from infirmity or illness; sound

finale ［fɪˈnæli］n. 终场，结局：the closing part, scene, or number in a

public performance

rationale ［ˌræʃəˈnæl］n. 基本原理，解释：a statement given to explain a

belief or act

chorale ［kəˈrɑːl］n. 赞美诗：a hymn or psalm sung to a traditional or

composed melody in church

n. 合唱班，合唱团：an organized group of singers

stale ［steɪl］adj. 陈旧乏味的：used or heard so often as to be dull

imperturbable ［ˌɪmpərˈtɜːrbəbl］adj. 沉着冷静的，淡定的：marked by

extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness

implacable ［ɪmˈplækəbl］adj. 固执的：sticking to an opinion, purpose,

or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion

adj. 无法平息的：not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or

mitigated
impeccable ［ɪmˈpekəbl］adj. 无瑕的，无可挑剔的：free from fault or
blame

irradicable ［ɪˈrædɪkəbl］adj. 不能根除的：impossible to uproot or

destroy

applicable ［ˈæplɪkəbl］adj. 可用的，可行的：capable of being put to

use or account

adj. 相关的，有关的：having to do with the matter at hand

amicable ［ˈæmɪkəbl］adj. 友善的：characterized by friendly goodwill;

amiable

despicable ［dɪˈspɪkəbl］adj. 令人鄙视的：arousing or deserving of one's

loathing and disgust
 List 6

formidable ［ˈfɔːrmɪdəbl］adj. 艰难的：requiring considerable physical

or mental effort

dependable ［dɪˈpendəbl］adj. 可靠的，值得信赖的：capable of being

depended on

agreeable ［əˈgriːəbl］adj. 令人愉悦的：pleasing to the mind or senses

especially as according well with one's tastes or needs

adj. 相一致的：being in harmony

malleable ［ˈmæliəbl］adj. 可塑的：capable of being extended or shaped

by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers

adj. 易控制的：capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or

influences

permeable ［ˈpɜːrmiəbl］adj. 可渗透的：capable of being permeated or

penetrated, especially by liquids or gases

fable ［ˈfeɪbl］n. 神话，传说：a legendary story of supernatural

happenings

n. 谎言，虚构：a statement known by its maker to be untrue and made in

order to deceive

affable ［ˈæfəbl］adj. 和蔼的，温和的：characterized by ease and

friendliness

ineffable ［ɪnˈefəbl］adj. 难以表达的：incapable of being expressed

unimpeachable ［ˌʌnɪmˈpiːtʃəbl］adj. 无可置疑的：beyond doubt;

unquestionable

imperishable ［ɪmˈperɪʃəbl］adj. 不朽的，永恒的：enduring or

occurring forever

appreciable ［əˈpriːʃəbl］adj. 可感知的，明显的：capable of being

perceived or measured; perceptible

pliable ［ˈplaɪəbl］adj. 易弯曲的，柔软的：supple enough to bend freely

or repeatedly without breaking

adj. 易受影响的，温顺的：easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed

amiable ［ˈeɪmiəbl］adj. 好脾气的，友好易相处的：being friendly,

sociable, and congenial

friable ［ˈfraɪəbl］adj. 易碎的：easily crumbled or pulverized

viable ［ˈvaɪəbl］adj. 可行的：capable of being done or carried out

unassailable ［ˌʌnəˈseɪləbl ］adj. 无可争辩的，无法否认的，不可亵渎
的：not to be violated, criticized, or tampered with

estimable ［ˈestɪməbl］adj. 值得尊敬的：deserving of esteem; admirable

inalienable ［ɪnˈeɪliənəbl］adj. 不可剥夺的，不能让与的：cannot be

transferred to another or others

amenable ［əˈmiːnəbl］adj. 顺从的，服从的：readily brought to yield,

submit, or cooperate

tenable ［ˈtenəbl］adj. 有据可依的，无懈可击的：capable of being held

or defended; reasonable

untenable ［ʌnˈtenəbl］adj. 防守不住的，站不住脚的：not able to be

defended

interminable ［ɪnˈtɜːrmɪnəbl］adj. 无尽头的：having or seeming to have

no end

unexceptionable ［ˌʌnɪkˈsepʃənəbl］adj. 无懈可击的：not open to

objection or criticism, beyond reproach

personable ［ˈpɜːrsənəbl］adj. 风度翩翩的，吸引人的：pleasing in

personality or appearance; attractive

palpable ［ˈpælpəbl］adj. 明显的，易觉察的：easily perceived; obvious

culpable ［ˈkʌlpəbl］adj. 该受谴责的，有罪的：deserving of blame or
censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious

unflappable ［ˌʌnˈflæpəbl］adj. 镇定的，从容不迫的：not easily upset

or excited

arable ［ˈærəbl］adj. 适合耕种的：fit for or used for the growing of crops

considerable ［kənˈsɪdərəbl］adj. （数量上）可观（而值得注意）

的：sufficiently large in size, amount, or number to merit attention

adj. 值得考虑的，重要的：worth consideration; significant

ponderable ［ˈpɑːndərəbl］adj. 有价值的，值得考虑的：considerable

enough to be weighed or assessed

vulnerable ［ˈvʌlnərəbl］adj. 易受攻击的，脆弱的：open to attack or

damage

deplorable ［dɪˈplɔːrəbl］adj. 可鄙的，可耻的：worthy of severe

condemnation or reproach

favorable ［ˈfeɪvərəbl］adj. 有利的：tending to promote or facilitate

inexorable ［ɪnˈeksərəbl］adj. 无法劝阻的，不为所动的：not to be

persuaded, moved, or stopped
impenetrable ［ɪmˈpenɪtrəbl］adj. 不可渗透的，不可穿透
的：impossible to get through or into

adj. 难以理解的：incapable of being comprehended

indispensable ［ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl］adj. 必不可少的，不可或缺

的：impossible to do without

palatable ［ˈpælətəbl］adj. 感到愉悦满足的：giving pleasure or

contentment to the mind or senses

redoubtable ［rɪˈdaʊtəbl］adj. 杰出的，值得尊敬的：worthy of respect

or honor

adj. 可怕的：arousing fear or awe

tractable ［ˈtræktəbl］adj. 易驾驭的，温顺的：readily giving in to the

command or authority of another

ineluctable ［ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbl］adj. 无法逃避的，必然的：not to be avoided,

changed, or resisted

inimitable ［ɪˈnɪmɪtəbl］adj. 无法仿效的，独特的：not capable of being

imitated

inevitable ［ɪnˈevɪtəbl］adj. 不可避免的，必然的：incapable of being

avoided or evaded
potable ［ˈpoʊtəbl］n. 饮品，尤指有酒精饮料：a beverage, especially
an alcoholic beverage

adj. 适于饮用的：suitable for drinking

immutable ［ɪˈmjuːtəbl］adj. 不可变的：not capable of changing or being

changed

scrutable ［ˈskruːtəbl］adj. 可以理解的：capable of being understood

through study and observation; comprehensible

equable ［ˈekwəbl］adj. （脾气、性情）温和的：not easily disturbed;

serene

babble ［ˈbæbl］v. 发出含糊无意义的嘟囔声，胡乱说：to utter a

meaningless confusion of words or sounds

v. 闲聊：to engage in casual or rambling conversation

dabble ［ˈdæbl］vi. 涉猎，对…浅尝辄止：to work or involve oneself

superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary interest

rabble ［ˈræbl］n. 混乱的人群；暴民；下层民众：a disorganized or

disorderly crowd of people; the lowest class of people

nibble ［ˈnɪbl］vt. 小口咬：to eat with small, quick bites or in small

morsels
scribble ［ˈskrɪbl］v. 潦草地书写，乱写：to cover with scribbles,
doodles, or meaningless marks

quibble ［ˈkwɪbl］vi. 吹毛求疵：to find fault or criticize for petty reasons;

cavil

gobble ［ˈgɑːbl］vt. 狼吞虎咽：to swallow or eat greedily

hobble ［ˈhɑːbl］vt. 阻碍，妨碍：to hamper the action or progress of

wobble ［ˈwɑːbl］vi. 摇晃，颤抖：to move or proceed with an irregular

rocking or staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side

vi. 犹豫不决：to show uncertainty about the right course of action

feeble ［ˈfiːbl］adj. 衰弱的：markedly lacking in strength

invincible ［ɪnˈvɪnsəbl］adj. 不可战胜的，不可超越的：incapable of

being conquered, overcome, or subdued

irascible ［ɪˈræsəbl］adj. 易怒的：marked by hot temper and easily

provoked anger

edible ［ˈedəbl］adj. 可食用的：fit to be eaten

intelligible ［ɪnˈtelɪʤəbl］adj. 可理解的：capable of being understood

incorrigible ［ɪnˈkɔːrɪʤəbl］adj. 不可救药的，积习难改的：incapable
of being corrected or amended

adj. 无法管制的：difficult or impossible to control or manage

tangible ［ˈtænʤəbl］adj. 可感知的：capable of being perceived

intangible ［ɪnˈtænʤəbl］adj. 无法感知的，无形的：incapable of being

perceived by the senses

fungible ［ˈfʌnʤəbl］adj. 可互换的：capable of being substituted in

place of one another

indelible ［ɪnˈdeləbl］adj. 无法忘怀的：not easily forgotten

fallible ［ˈfæləbl］adj. 可能出错的：tending or likely to be erroneous or

capable of making an error

foible ［ˈfɔɪbl］n. 小缺点：a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or

behavior

insensible ［ɪnˈsensəbl］adj. 无知觉的：having lost consciousness,

especially temporarily

ostensible ［ɑːˈstensəbl］adj. 表面上的，佯装的：appearing to be true on

the basis of evidence that may or may not be confirmed
accessible ［əkˈsesəbl］adj. 可以到达的：situated within easy reach

adj. 可理解的：capable of being understood or appreciated

plausible ［ˈplɔːzəbl］adj. 可信的：superficially fair, reasonable, or

valuable but often specious

compatible ［kəmˈpætəbl］adj. 一致的，能共存的：capable of existing

together in harmony

perceptible ［pərˈseptəbl］adj. 可察觉的：capable of being perceived

especially by the senses

susceptible ［səˈseptəbl］adj. 容易受伤害的：being in a situation where

one is likely to meet with harm

incontrovertible ［ˌɪnkɑːntrəˈvɜːrtəbl］adj. 无可争议的：not open to

question

combustible ［kəmˈbʌstəbl］adj. 可燃的：capable of igniting and burning

adj. 容易激动的：easily excited

flexible ［ˈfleksəbl］adj. 灵活的，可变的：capable of being readily

changed

adj. 易受影响的：susceptible to influence or persuasion

amble ［ˈæmbl］vi./n. 漫步，闲逛：to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll

gamble ［ˈgæmbl］v. 赌博，孤注一掷：to bet on an uncertain outcome,

as of a contest

ramble ［ˈræmbl］vi. 漫谈；长篇大论（并经常离题）地说或写：to

talk at length without sticking to a topic or getting to a point

dissemble ［dɪˈsembl］v. 用假象隐藏真相，掩饰：to put on a false

appearance

bumble ［ˈbʌmbl］vi. 含糊不清地说，杂乱无章地说：to speak rapidly,

inarticulately, and usually unintelligibly

fumble ［ˈfʌmbl］v. 笨拙地做：to make awkward attempts to do or find

something

humble ［ˈhʌmbl］adj. 谦逊的：marked by meekness or modesty in

behavior, attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful

adj. 顺从的，谦卑的：showing, expressing, or offered in a spirit of humility

or unseemly submissiveness

mumble ［ˈmʌmbl］v. 说话含糊：to utter words in a low confused

indistinct manner

grumble ［ˈgrʌmbl］vi. （尤指低声地）抱怨，埋怨：to complain in a

surly manner; mutter discontentedly

ennoble ［ɪˈnoʊbl］vt. 使尊贵：to make noble

garble ［ˈgɑːrbl］vt. 曲解，篡改，混淆（以至使无法理解）：to mix

up or distort to such an extent as to make misleading or incomprehensible

warble ［ˈwɔːrbl］v. 柔和地唱歌：to sing with trills, runs, or other

melodic embellishments

voluble ［ˈvɑːljəbl］adj. 健谈的，话多的：characterized by ready or

rapid speech

debacle ［deɪˈbɑːkl］n. 溃败：a complete failure; fiasco

manacle ［ˈmænəkl］vt. 限制，给…制造困难：to confine or restrain

with or as if with chains; to create difficulty for the work or activity of

pinnacle ［ˈpɪnəkl］n. 顶峰：the highest point of development or

achievement

saddle ［ˈsædl］vt. 使某人负担：to load or burden

waddle ［ˈwɑːdl］vi. 摇摇摆摆地走：to walk with short steps that tilt the
body from side to side

meddle ［ˈmedl］vi. 干涉，管闲事：to intrude into other people's affairs

or business; interfere

peddle ［ˈpedl］v. 叫卖，兜售：to sell from place to place usually in

small quantities

mollycoddle ［ˈmɑːlikɑːdl］vt. 宠爱，溺爱：to treat with an excessive or

absurd degree of indulgence and attention

befuddle ［bɪˈfʌdl］v. 使困惑：to throw into a state of mental uncertainty

wheedle ［ˈwiːdl］v. （用花言巧语）诱惑，哄骗：to persuade or

attempt to persuade by flattery or guile
 List 7

idle ［ˈaɪdl］adj. 闲置的，未使用的：not turned to normal or appropriate

use

adj. 懒散的：shiftless, lazy

v. 懒散度日，无所事事：to pass（time）without working or while avoiding

work

bridle ［ˈbraɪdl］v. 限制：to keep from exceeding a desirable degree or

level（as of expression）

kindle ［ˈkɪndl］vt. 点燃：to build or fuel（a fire）; to set fire to; ignite

dwindle ［ˈdwɪndl］vi. 逐渐减少：to become gradually less until little

remains

swindle ［ˈswɪndl］vt. 欺骗，骗取：to cheat or defraud of money or

property

doodle ［ˈduːdl］vi. （无目的地）乱涂乱画：to scribble aimlessly,

especially when preoccupied

vi. 漫无目的地打发时光：to spend time in aimless activity

dawdle ［ˈdɔːdl］v. 拖拖拉拉：to move or act slowly

baffle ［ˈbæfl］vt. 使疑惑：to throw into a state of mental uncertainty

waffle ［ˈwɑːfl］vi. 胡扯：to talk or write foolishly

muffle ［ˈmʌfl］vt. 使消声：to wrap or pad in order to deaden the sound

ruffle ［ˈrʌfl］vt. 使粗糙：to destroy the smoothness or evenness of

vt. 扰乱，打扰：to disturb the peace of mind of（someone）especially by

repeated disagreeable acts

stifle ［ˈstaɪfl］vt. 抑制（声音、呼吸等）；阻止，扼杀：to cut off（as

the voice or breath）; to keep in or hold back

boggle ［ˈbɑːgl］v. （因为怀疑、恐惧）犹豫：to hesitate because of

doubt, fear, or scruples

goggle ［ˈgɑːgl］vi. 凝视：to look long and hard in wonder or surprise

inveigle ［ɪnˈveɪgl］vt. 诱骗：to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful

talk

mangle ［ˈmæŋgl］vt. 弄砸：to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or

ignorance
wrangle ［ˈræŋgl］n. 纷争，争端：an often noisy or angry expression of
differing opinions

vi. 争吵：to quarrel noisily or angrily

tangle ［ˈtæŋgl］vt. 纠缠，使…纠结：to seize and hold in or as if in a

snare

entangle ［ɪnˈtæŋgl］vt. 使卷入，使纠缠：to twist together into a usually

confused mass

vt. 使变复杂或困难：to make complex or difficult

mingle ［ˈmɪŋgl］vt. 混合，结合：to mix so that the components become

united

commingle ［kəˈmɪŋgl］v. 充分混合：to blend thoroughly into a

harmonious whole

bungle ［ˈbʌŋgl］vt. 办糟，失败：to act or work clumsily and awkwardly

labile ［ˈleɪbaɪl］adj. 易变的，不稳定的：continually undergoing

chemical, physical, or biological change; unstable

facile ［ˈfæsl］adj. 表面的，浅尝辄止的：having or showing a lack of

depth of understanding or character

domicile ［ˈdɑːmɪsaɪl］vt. 为…提供住处：to establish in or provide with

a domicile

reconcile ［ˈrekənsaɪl］vt. 使和解，协调：to restore to friendship or

harmony

fragile ［ˈfræʤl］adj. 易碎的：easily broken or destroyed

simile ［ˈsɪməli］n. 明喻：a figure of speech comparing two unlike things

that is often introduced by like or as

rile ［raɪl］vt. 刺激，惹怒：to make agitated and angry

sterile ［ˈsterəl］adj. 贫瘠的：not productive or effective

adj. 无菌的：free from live bacteria or other microorganisms

puerile ［ˈpjʊrəl］adj. 幼稚的，不成熟的：immature; lacking in adult

experience or maturity

volatile ［ˈvɑːlətl］adj. 多变的：characterized by or subject to rapid or

unexpected change

versatile ［ˈvɜːrsətl］adj. 多才多艺的，全能的：able to do many

different kinds of things

tactile ［ˈtæktl］adj. 有触觉的，能触知的：perceptible by touch:

tangible
ductile ［ˈdʌktaɪl］adj. 易受影响的：easily led or influenced

motile ［ˈmoʊtɪl］adj. 能动的：exhibiting or capable of movement

futile ［ˈfjuːtl］adj. 无效的，无用的：serving no useful purpose;

completely ineffective

guile ［gaɪl］n. 狡猾，狡诈：the inclination or practice of misleading

others through lies or trickery

beguile ［bɪˈɡaɪl］v. 欺骗：to cause to believe what is untrue

vile ［vaɪl］adj. 丑陋的：unpleasant to look at

adj. （道德上）可鄙的，卑鄙的：morally despicable or abhorrent

servile ［ˈsɜːrvl］adj. 低下的，卑屈的：meanly or cravenly submissive:

abject

shackle ［ˈʃækl］vt. 束缚：to deprive of freedom espe-cially of action by

means of restrictions or handicaps

vt. 限制，阻碍：to create difficulty for the work or activity of

ramshackle ［ˈræmʃækl］adj. 摇摇欲坠的：appearing ready to collapse;

rickety

tackle ［ˈtækl］vt. 着手处理：to start work on energetically

heckle ［ˈhekl］vt. 起哄，使难堪：to harass and try to disconcert with
questions, challenges, or gibes

fickle ［ˈfɪkl］adj. 易变的：likely to change frequently, suddenly, or

unexpectedly

trickle ［ˈtrɪkl］vi. 一滴一滴地流，缓缓地流：to issue or fall in drops

rankle ［ˈræŋkl］vt. 激怒：to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness

hyperbole ［haɪˈpɜːrbəli］n. 夸张：a figure of speech in which

exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect

condole ［kənˈdoʊl］vi. 表达同情：to express sympathetic sorrow

cajole ［kəˈʤoʊl］v. 哄骗：to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,

teasing, or flattery; wheedle

rigmarole ［ˈrɪgməroʊl］n. 混乱而无意义的话：language marked by

abstractions, jargon, euphemisms, and circumlocutions; confused or
meaningless talk

console ［kənˈsoʊl］vt. 安慰，慰藉：to alleviate the grief, sense of loss,

or trouble of; comfort

disciple ［dɪˈsaɪpl］n. 信徒，追随者：one who accepts and assists in

spreading the doctrines of another, follower
rumple ［ˈrʌmpl］vt. 打乱，使不整齐：to undo the proper order or
arrangement of

crumple ［ˈkrʌmpl］v. 弄皱：to press, bend, or crush out of shape

supple ［ˈsʌpl］adj. 易弯曲的，柔软的：readily bent; pliant

scruple ［ˈskruːpl］n. （良心上的）不安：an uneasy feeling about the

rightness of what one is doing or going to do

subtle ［ˈsʌtl］adj. 微妙的，难以感知的：（so slight as to be）difficult

to understand or perceive

dismantle ［dɪsˈmæntl］vt. 分解，分拆：to take to pieces also: to destroy

the integrity or functioning of

disgruntle ［dɪsˈgrʌntl］vt. 使发怒，使不满意：to make illhumored or

discontented

startle ［ˈstɑːrtl］vt. 使吓一跳，使大吃一惊：to frighten or surprise

suddenly and usually not seriously

bristle ［ˈbrɪsl］v. 怒不可遏，咆哮：to express one's anger usually

violently

apostle ［əˈpɑːsl］n. （政策或思想等的）信奉者，支持者：a person

who actively supports or favors a cause
bustle ［ˈbʌsl］n. 忙乱，喧闹：noisy, energetic, and often obtrusive
activity

vi. （快速地）行走，奔忙：to move briskly and often ostentatiously

rustle ［ˈrʌsl］vi. 快速地行动：to move or act energetically or with speed;

to proceed or move quickly

mettle ［ˈmetl］n. 勇气：vigor and strength of spirit or temperament

n. 毅力，耐力：staying quality: stamina

nettle ［ˈnetl］vt. 惹怒：to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or

anger

brittle ［ˈbrɪtl］adj. 易碎的，脆弱的，易坏的：easily broken, cracked,

or snapped

adj. 不热心的，不真心的：lacking in friendliness or warmth of feeling

mottle ［ˈmɑːtl］vt. 标记上杂色斑点：to mark with spots or blotches of

different shades or colors

ridicule ［ˈrɪdɪkjuːl］vt. 嘲笑：to make fun of

minuscule ［ˈmɪnəskjuːl］adj. 极小的：very small

embezzle ［ɪmˈbezl］vt. 盗用：to appropriate（as property entrusted to

one's care）fraudulently to one's own use

guzzle ［ˈgʌzl］v. 狂饮：to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or

habitually

inflame ［ɪnˈfleɪm］vt. 使加剧：to make more violent

tame ［teɪm］adj. 被驯化的：reduced from a state of native wildness

especially so as to be tractable and useful to humans

vt. 控制，抑制：to keep from exceeding a desirable degree or level（as of

expression）

acme ［ˈækmi］n. 顶点，极点：the highest point or stage, as of

achievement or development

sublime ［səˈblaɪm］adj. 崇高的，庄严的：of high spiritual, moral, or

intellectual worth

mime ［maɪm］v. 模仿：to use（someone or something）as the model for

one's speech, mannerisms, or behavior

wholesome ［ˈhoʊlsəm］adj. 有益身心健康的：promoting mental, moral,

or social health

noisome ［ˈnɔɪsəm］adj. 恶臭的：offensive to the senses and espe-cially

to the sense of smell
adj. 非常令人厌恶的：highly obnoxious or objectionable

winsome ［ˈwɪnsəm］adj. 迷人的，漂亮的：generally pleasing and

engaging often because of a childlike charm and innocence

cumbersome ［ˈkʌmbərsəm］adj. 笨重的，难处理的：difficult to handle

because of weight or bulk

lissome ［ˈlɪsəm］adj. 柔软的：easily bent; supple

adj. 敏捷的，轻盈的：having the ability to move with ease; limber

bane ［beɪn］n. 有害的物质：a substance that by chemical action can kill

or injure a living

urbane ［ɜːrˈbeɪn］adj. 彬彬有礼的，文雅的：notably polite or finished

in manner

hurricane ［ˈhɜːrəkən］n. 飓风般的事物，引起动荡的事物：something

resembling a hurricane especially in its turmoil

arcane ［ɑːrˈkeɪn］adj. 深奥的，难以理解的：difficult for one of

ordinary knowledge or intelligence to understand

mundane ［mʌnˈdeɪn］adj. 平凡的：relating to, characteristic of, or

concerned with commonplaces

profane ［prəˈfeɪn］vt. 亵渎：to treat（something sacred）with abuse,

irreverence, or contempt

germane ［ʤɜːrˈmeɪn］adj. 有关的，适当的：being at once relevant and

appropriate

inane ［ɪˈneɪn］adj. 空洞的：lacking significance, meaning, or point

wane ［weɪn］vi. 减少，衰退，降低：to decrease in size, extent, or

degree

serene ［səˈriːn］adj. 安静的：free from disturbing noise or uproar

contravene ［ˌkɑːntrəˈviːn］vt. 违反，反对：to violate, to oppose in

argument: contradict

convene ［kənˈviːn］vt. 召开，召集：to bring together in assembly by or

as if by command

refine ［rɪˈfaɪn］vt. 改善，改进：to improve or perfect by pruning or

polishing

confine ［kənˈfaɪn］vt. 限制：to keep within limits

saturnine ［ˈsætərnaɪn］adj. 忧郁的，阴沉的：causing or marked by an

atmosphere lacking in cheer

pine ［paɪn］vi. 渴望，奢望：to yearn intensely and persistently

especially for something unattainable
 List 8

repine ［rɪˈpaɪn］vi. 抱怨，表达不满：to feel or express discontent or

dejection

vi. 渴望：to long for something

opine ［oʊˈpaɪn］v. 表达观点；想，认为：to express opinions; to state

as an opinion

supine ［ˈsuːpaɪn］adj. 懒散的，倦怠的，消极的，漠不关心

的：showing lethargy, passivity, or blame-worthy indifference

saccharine ［ˈsækərɪn］adj. 像糖一样的，有甜味的：of, relating to, or

resembling that of sugar

adj. 做作的，矫情的：appealing to the emotions in an obvious and tiresome

way

elephantine ［ˌelɪˈfæntiːn］adj. 巨大的：having enormous size or strength

adj. 笨拙的：clumsy, ponderous

quarantine ［ˈkwɔːrəntiːn］n. 隔离：enforced isolation or restriction of

free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease
byzantine ［ˈbɪzəntiːn］adj. 错综复杂的：complicated or secretive,
having many parts or aspects that are usually interrelated

serpentine ［ˈsɜːrpəntiːn］adj. 弯曲的：winding or turning one way and

another

libertine ［ˈlɪbərtiːn］n. 放荡不羁者：one who acts without moral

restraint; a dissolute person

predestine ［ˌpriːˈdestɪn］vt. 预先注定：to determine the fate of in

advance

clandestine ［klænˈdestɪn］adj. 隐藏的，秘密的：kept or done in secret,

often in order to conceal an illicit or improper purpose

philistine ［ˈfɪlɪstiːn］n. 市侩（注重物质而鄙视智慧或艺术的人）：a

person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or
artistic values

pristine ［ˈprɪstiːn］adj. 纯净的，质朴的，未被文明腐蚀的：remaining

in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization; remaining free from dirt or decay;
clean

sanguine ［ˈsæŋgwɪn］adj. 乐观的，确信的：having or showing a mind

free from doubt

condone ［kənˈdoʊn］vt. 宽恕；忽视：to overlook, forgive, or

disregard（an offense）without protest or censure

hone ［hoʊn］vt. 磨快：to sharpen or smooth with a whetstone

drone ［droʊn］v. 低沉单调地说；嗡嗡地叫：to talk in a persistently

dull or monotonous tone

chaperone ［ˈʃæpəroʊn］vt. 同行，护送：to go along with in order to

provide assistance, protection, or companionship

atone ［əˈtoʊn］v. 赎罪，弥补：to make amends, as for a sin or fault

jejune ［ʤɪˈʤuːn］adj. 无趣乏味的：not interesting; dull

immune ［ɪˈmjuːn］adj. 不易被感染的，有免疫力的：of, relating to, or

having resistance to infection

adj. 不受影响的：not affected by a given influence

prune ［pruːn］vt. 修剪；修整：to cut off or remove dead or living parts

or branches of（a plant, for example）to improve shape or growth

importune ［ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːn］vt. 恳求，迫切请求：to make a request

to（someone）in an earnest or urgent manner

opportune ［ˌɑːpərˈtuːn］adj. 合适的，适当的：suitable or convenient

for a particular occurrence
attune ［əˈtuːn］vt. 使协调，使和谐：to bring into harmony

anodyne ［ˈænədaɪn］adj. 无害的：not causing or being capable of

causing injury or hurt

agape ［əˈgeɪp］adj. 急切盼望的：having or showing signs of eagerly

awaiting something

shipshape ［ˈʃɪpʃeɪp］adj. 井然有序的：marked by meticulous order and

neatness

jape ［ʤeɪp］v. 嘲弄：to say or do something jokingly or mockingly

gripe ［graɪp］vi. 抱怨：to express dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment

usually tiresomely

trope ［troʊp］n. 比喻：a word or expression used in a figurative sense

n. 陈词滥调：an idea or expression that has been used by many people

dupe ［duːp］n. 易受骗的人：one that is easily deceived or cheated

vt. 欺骗：to deceive（an unwary person）

archetype ［ˈɑːkitaɪp］n. 典范，榜样：an ideal example of a type

stereotype ［ˈsteriətaɪp］n. 成见，老套的理念：a conventional,

formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image
prototype ［ˈproʊtətaɪp］n. 原型：an original model on which something
is patterned

threadbare ［ˈθredber］adj. 陈腐的：overused to the point of being worn

out; hackneyed

snare ［sner］n. 无法逃脱的困境：something that catches and holds

vt. 捕捉：to capture by or as if by use of a snare

macabre ［məˈkɑːbrə］adj. 恐怖的：suggesting the horror of death and

decay; gruesome

mediocre ［ˌmiːdiˈoʊkər］adj. 平庸的；质量中等偏下的：moderate to

inferior in quality; ordinary

adhere ［ədˈhɪr］v. 服从，遵守：to act according to the commands of

sere ［sɪə］adj. 干枯的，凋萎的：being dried and withered

austere ［ɔːˈstɪr］adj. 朴素的，朴实无华的：markedly simple or

unadorned

revere ［rɪˈvɪr］vt. （尤指对神）尊崇，尊敬：to offer honor or respect

to（someone）as a divine power

persevere ［ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr］vi. 坚持不懈，不屈不挠：to persist in or remain

constant to a purpose, idea, or task in the face of obstacles or discouragement

doctrinaire ［ˌdɑːktrəˈner］adj. 教条主义的，照本宣科的：given to or

marked by the forceful expression of strongly held opinions

dire ［ˈdaɪər］adj. 可怕的，恐怖的：causing fear

adj. 迫切的：needing immediate attention; urgent

backfire ［ˌbækˈfaɪər］vi. 产生相反的结果，事与愿违：to have the

reverse of the desired or expected effect

mire ［ˈmaɪər］n. 困境：a difficult, puzzling, or embarrassing situation

from which there is no easy escape

vt. 使陷入困境，拖后腿：to hamper or hold back as if by mire

repertoire ［ˈrepərtwɑːr］n. （技术、设备或原料等的）详单：the

complete list or supply of skills, devices, or ingredients used in a particular
field, occupation, or practice

conspire ［kənˈspaɪər］v. 合谋，密谋：to plan together secretly to

commit an illegal or wrongful act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal
action

expire ［ɪkˈspaɪər］v. 断气，死亡：to breathe one's last breath; die

acquire ［əˈkwaɪər］vt. 获取，获得：to get as one's own

bore ［bɔːr］n. 令人厌烦的人或事物：one that causes boredom

underscore ［ˌʌndərˈskɔːr］vt. 强调：to emphasize; stress

adore ［əˈdɔːr］vt. 喜爱，因…感到愉悦：to take pleasure in

vt. 宠爱：to feel passion, devotion, or tenderness for

deplore ［dɪˈplɔːr］vt. 哀悼：to feel or express sorrow for

pore ［pɔːr］vi. 仔细浏览，仔细研究：to read or study

attentively（usually used with over）

sinecure ［ˈsaɪnɪkjʊr］n. 美差：an office or position that requires little or

no work and that usually provides an income

epicure ［ˈepɪkjʊr］n. 美食家：one with sensitive and discriminating

tastes especially in food or wine

procure ［prəˈkjʊr］vt. 获得，取得：to get possession of

obscure ［əbˈskjʊr］adj. 含义模糊的：not clearly understood or

expressed; having an often intentionally veiled or certain meaning

adj. 平凡的，不知名的：not prominent or famous

vt. 使模糊：to make dark, dim, or indistinct

transfigure ［trænsˈfɪgjər］vt. 使改变外观：to alter the outward
appearance of; transform

abjure ［əbˈʤʊr］v. 发誓放弃：a firm and final rejecting or abandoning

often made under oath

v. 抵制，避免：to resist the temptation of

conjure ［ˈkʌnʤər］vt. 请求，恳求：to charge or entreat earnestly or

solemnly

vt. 在脑海中浮现，想起：to form a mental picture of

allure ［əˈlʊr］vt. 吸引：to attract or delight as if by magic

immure ［ɪˈmjʊr］vt. 监禁，禁闭；使闭门不出：to confine within or as

if within walls

inure ［ɪˈnjʊr］vt. 使习惯接受不好的东西：to accustom to accept

something undesirable

censure ［ˈsenʃər］v. 公开表示反对，谴责：to express public or formal

disapproval of

reassure ［ˌriːəˈʃʊr］vt. 使安心，打消疑虑：to restore to confidence

caricature ［ˈkærɪkətʃər］n. 用讽刺歪曲等手法的夸张，漫画，讽刺

画：exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or
characteristics

v. 嘲笑性模仿或夸张：to copy or exaggerate（someone or something）in

order to make fun of

immature ［ˌɪməˈtʃʊr］adj. （生理、心理）未完全发展的，未发育成

熟的：lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development

stature ［ˈstætʃər］n. 高度，身高：natural height（as of a person）in an

upright position

n. 才干，水平：quality or status gained by growth, development, or

achievement

fracture ［ˈfræktʃər］n. 破裂：the act or process of breaking

vt. 打碎，破坏：to cause to separate into pieces usually suddenly or forcibly

conjecture ［kənˈʤektʃər］n. 揣测的结果：a conclusion deduced by

surmise or guesswork

v. （没有依据地）认为：to form an opinion from little or no evidence

stricture ［ˈstrɪktʃər］n. 责难，批评：an adverse criticism

divestiture ［daɪˈvestɪtʃər］n. 剥夺：the act of taking away from a person

rupture ［ˈrʌptʃər］v. 打破；打碎，破裂：to part by violence

overture ［ˈoʊvərtʃər］n. 前言：an introductory section or part, as of a
poem; a prelude

n. 序曲：an instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction

to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio

nurture ［ˈnɜːrtʃər］vt. 培育，培养：to provide（someone）with moral

or spiritual understanding

posture ［ˈpɑːstʃər］vi. 故作姿态，装模作样：to assume an artificial or

pretended attitude

suture ［ˈsuːtʃər］n./v. 缝合：the process of joining two surfaces or edges

together along a line by or as if by sewing

abase ［əˈbeɪs］v. 降低（地位、职位、威望或尊严）：to lower in

rank, office, prestige, or esteem

debase ［dɪˈbeɪs］v. 贬低，贬损：to reduce to a lower standing in one's

own eyes or in others' eyes

showcase ［ˈʃoʊkeɪs］vt. 展示（优点）：to exhibit especially in an

attractive or favorable aspect

chase ［tʃeɪs］v. 驱赶：to drive or force out

blasé ［blɑːˈzeɪ］adj. （过度放纵之后）厌倦享乐的，腻烦

的：apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or
enjoyment

paraphrase ［ˈpærəfreɪz］v. 转述，意译，改写：to express

something（as a text or statement）in different words

malaise ［məˈleɪz］n. 不舒服：a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at

the beginning of an illness

imprecise ［ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs］adj. 不精确的：not precise

exorcise ［ˈeksɔːrsaɪz］vt. 除去：to get rid of（something troublesome,

menacing, or oppressive）

paradise ［ˈpærədaɪs］n. 快乐，狂喜：a state of overwhelming usually

pleasurable emotion

enfranchise ［ɪnˈfræntʃaɪz］vt. 给予…权利（例如选举权）：to endow

with the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote

vt. 解放：to set free（as from slavery）

compromise ［ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz］v. 妥协：to adjust or settle by mutual

concessions

vt. 使危险：to place in danger

surmise ［ˈsɜːrmaɪz］n. （根据不足的）推测，揣测：a thought or idea

based on scanty evidence

despise ［dɪˈspaɪz］vt. 极其不喜欢：to dislike strongly

apprise ［əˈpraɪz］v. 通知，告知：to give notice to; inform

improvise ［ˈɪmprəvaɪz］v. 即兴而作：to invent, compose, or perform

with little or no preparation

repulse ［rɪˈpʌls］vt. 使厌恶，排斥：to rebuff or reject with rudeness,

coldness, or denial

incense ［ɪnˈsens］vt. 激怒：to cause to be extremely angry

 List 9

pretense ［ˈpriːtens］n. 虚假，伪装：the act of pretending; a false

appearance or action intended to deceive

n. 自大，优越感：an exaggerated sense of one's importance that shows itself

in the making of excessive or unjustified claims

verbose ［vɜːrˈboʊs］adj. 冗长的，嗦的：containing more words than

necessary

metamorphose ［ˌmetəˈmɔːrfoʊz］vt. （使）变形：to change into a

different physical form especially by supernatural means

grandiose ［ˈgrændioʊs］adj. 自命不凡的，浮夸的：characterized by

feigned or affected grandeur

lachrymose ［ˈlækrɪmoʊs］adj. 催人泪下的，悲伤的：tending to cause

tears, mournful

footloose ［ˈfʊtluːs］adj. 无拘无束的，自由的：having no attachments

or ties; free to do as one pleases

depose ［dɪˈpoʊz］vi. 宣誓作证：to testify to under oath or by affidavit

vt. 废黜，罢免：to remove from a throne or other high position

repose ［rɪˈpoʊz］n. （劳作后的）休息：a state of resting after exertion
or strain

vi. 休息：to take a rest

n. 平静，宁静：a state of freedom from storm or disturbance

compose ［kəmˈpouz］vt. 使镇定：to free from agitation: calm

v. 组成，构成：to form the substance of: constitute

discompose ［ˌdɪskəmˈpoʊz］vt. 使不安：to disturb the composure or

calm of; perturb

vt. 使混乱：to undo the proper order or arrangement of

dispose ［dɪˈspoʊz］vt. 使倾向于：to give a tendency to: incline

vi. 处理掉（与of连用，dispose of）：to get rid of; throw out

morose ［məˈroʊs］adj. 忧郁的：having a sullen and gloomy disposition

lapse ［læps］n. 小过失：a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or

inattention

relapse ［rɪˈlæps］vi. 重蹈覆辙，再犯：to slip or fall back into a former

worse state

collapse ［kəˈlæps］v./n. 失败：to be unsuccessful; a falling short of one's

goals

eclipse ［ɪˈklɪps］vt. 使声望下降，使黯然失色：to obscure or diminish

in importance, fame, or reputation

coarse ［kɔːrs］adj. 粗糙的，表面不平整的：not having a level or

smooth surface

adj. 粗俗的：lacking in delicacy or refinement

sparse ［spɑːrs］adj. 稀疏的，稀少的：less plentiful than what is normal,

necessary, or desirable

terse ［tɜːrs］adj. 简洁的，简明的：brief and to the point; effectively

concise

verse ［vɜːrs］vt. 使精通，使熟悉：to familiarize by close association,

study, or experience

n. 诗歌：a composition using rhythm and often rhyme to create a lyrical

effect

averse ［əˈvɜːrs］adj. 反对的：having a natural dislike for something

traverse ［trəˈvɜːrs］vt. 横穿：to travel or pass across, over, or through

endorse ［ɪnˈdɔːrs］vt. 公开支持，推崇：to express support or approval

of publicly and definitely
remorse ［rɪˈmɔːrs］n. 懊悔，悔恨：moral anguish arising from
repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret

largesse ［lɑːrˈʤes］n. 慷慨：liberality in giving or willingness to give

finesse ［fɪˈnes］n. 娴熟技巧：mental skill or quickness

v. （巧妙地）躲避：to get or keep away from（as a responsibility）through

cleverness or trickery

applause ［əˈplɔːz］n. 鼓掌；认可：approval publicly expressed（as by

clapping the hands）

abuse ［əˈbjuːz］v. 辱骂，抨击：to condemn or vilify usually unjustly,

intemperately, and angrily

v. 不正当或不合理使用：to put to a wrong or improper use; 过分过量使

用：to use excessively

disabuse ［ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz］vt. 打消错误念头，纠正：to free from error,

fallacy, or misconception

defuse ［ˌdiːˈfjuːz］vt. 抚慰，减轻：to make less dangerous, tense, or

hostile

diffuse ［dɪˈfjuːs］adj. 嗦的：being at once verbose and ill-organized

［dɪˈfjuːz］v. 扩展，散开：to extend, scatter

suffuse ［səˈfjuːz］vt. （色彩等）弥漫，染遍，充满：to spread through
or over, as with liquid, color, or light

infuse ［ɪnˈfjuːz］vt. 灌输，使…充满：to fill or cause to be filled with

something

recluse ［ˈrekluːs］n. 隐士：a person who lives away from others

adj. 隐居的，不爱社交的：marked by withdrawal from society

douse ［daʊs］vt. 熄灭：to put out（a light or fire）

espouse ［ɪˈspaʊz］vt. 支持；拥护：to take up and support as a cause

rouse ［raʊz］vt. 激起，煽动：to stir up

vt. 唤醒：to cause to stop sleeping

carouse ［kəˈraʊz］vi. 畅饮，狂饮作乐：to drink liquor freely or

excessively

ruse ［ruːz］n. 诡计：a wily subterfuge

peruse ［pəˈruːz］vt. 细读：to read or examine, typically with great care

abstruse ［əbˈstruːs］adj. 难以理解的：difficult to comprehend: recondite

obtuse ［əbˈtuːs］adj. 愚钝的：not having or showing an ability to absorb

ideas readily

abate ［əˈbeɪt］v. 减轻（程度或者强度）：to reduce in degree or

intensity

v. 减少（数量），降低（价值）：to reduce in amount or value

reprobate ［ˈreprəbeɪt］n. 堕落者，道德败坏的人：a morally

unprincipled person

adj. 堕落的，放荡的：morally corrupt

exacerbate ［ɪgˈzæsərbeɪt］vt. 使加剧，使恶化：to make more violent,

bitter, or severe

incubate ［ˈɪŋkjubeɪt］vt. 孵化：to cover and warm eggs as the young

inside develop

vt. 帮助，培养，促进：to cause or aid the development of

placate ［ˈpleɪkeɪt］vt. （通过让步以）平息抚慰：to lessen the anger or

agitation of

desiccate ［ˈdesɪkeɪt］vt. 使缺乏活力：to deprive of emotional or

intellectual vitality

deprecate ［ˈdeprəkeɪt］vt. 不喜欢：to hold an unfavorable opinion of

vt. 贬低，轻视：to express scornfully one's low opinion of

abdicate ［ˈæbdɪkeɪt］v. 正式放弃（权力、责任，不干了）：to
renounce a throne, to relinquish（power or responsibility）formally

vindicate ［ˈvɪndɪkeɪt］vt. 为…平反，为…辩护，使无罪：to free from

allegation or blame

vt. 证明，证实：to give evidence or testimony to the truth or factualness of

adjudicate ［əˈʤuːdɪkeɪt］v. 裁决，判定：to hear and settle（a case,

dispute or conflict）

pontificate ［pɑːnˈtɪfɪkeɪt］vi. 傲慢地做或说：to speak or express

opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way

replicate ［ˈreplɪkeɪt］vt. 复制，复刻：to make an exact likeness of

complicate ［ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪt］vt. 使复杂化：to make complex or difficult

supplicate ［ˈsʌplɪkeɪt］v. 恳求，乞求：to make a request

to（someone）in an earnest or urgent manner

duplicate ［ˈduːplɪkət］n. 复制品：either of two things exactly alike and

usually produced at the same time or by the same process

［ˈduːplɪkeɪt］vt. 复制：to make a copy of

explicate ［ˈeksplɪkeɪt］vt. 解释，说明：to give a detailed explanation of

prevaricate ［prɪˈværɪkeɪt］vi. 支吾其词，撒谎：to stray from or evade
the truth

fabricate ［ˈfæbrɪkeɪt］vt. 捏造：to make up for the purpose of deception

lubricate ［ˈluːbrɪkeɪt］vt. 使润滑：to coat（something）with a slippery

substance in order to reduce friction

extricate ［ˈekstrɪkeɪt］vt. 使解脱，救出：to free or remove from an

entanglement or difficulty

truncate ［ˈtrʌŋkeɪt］vt. 截短；缩短（时间、篇幅等）：to shorten by

or as if by cutting off

suffocate ［ˈsʌfəkeɪt］vt. 使窒息：to deprive of oxygen

reciprocate ［rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt］vt. 报答，回报：to return in kind or degree

advocate ［ˈædvəkeɪt］vt. 支持，提倡：to speak, plead, or argue in favor

of; support

equivocate ［ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt］vi. （带有欺骗目的地）模棱两可地说，说

谎话：to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive

bifurcate ［ˈbaɪfərkeɪt］v. （使）分成两支：（to cause）to divide into

two branches or parts
obfuscate ［ˈɑːbfʌskeɪt］vt. 使困惑，使模糊：to make so confused or
opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand

sedate ［sɪˈdeɪt］adj. 淡定的，安静的：free from emotional or mental

agitation

antedate ［ˌæntiˈdeɪt］vt. 比…早，早于：to be of an earlier date than

elucidate ［iˈluːsɪdeɪt］v. 阐明：to make lucid especially by explanation

or analysis

consolidate ［kənˈsɑːlɪdeɪt］vt. 加固，使安全：to make firm or secure;

strengthen

intimidate ［ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt］vt. 威吓：to make timid or fearful, frighten

dilapidate ［dɪˈlæpɪdeɪt］v. （使）荒废：to bring into a condition of

decay or partial ruin

inundate ［ˈɪnʌndeɪt］vt. 淹没：to cover with or as if with flood

accommodate ［əˈkɑːmədeɪt］v. 改变以适应新情况、新场景：to

change（something）so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation

vt. 使和谐：to bring to a state free of conflicts, inconsistencies, or differences

permeate ［ˈpɜːrmieɪt］v. 弥漫，渗透：to spread throughout

delineate ［dɪˈlɪnieɪt］vt. 描写，描绘：to describe, portray, or set forth
with accuracy or in detail

nauseate ［ˈnɔːzieɪt］v. （使）厌恶，（使）作呕：to feel or cause to

feel loathing or disgust

propagate ［ˈprɑːpəgeɪt］vt. 传播，宣传：to cause to spread out and

affect a greater number or greater area; extend

delegate ［ˈdelɪgət］n. 代理人，代表：a person authorized to act as

representative for another

vt. 移交（权力、任务等）：to put（something）into the possession or

safekeeping of another

abnegate ［ˈæbnɪgeɪt］v. 否认：to deny, renounce

aggregate ［ˈægrɪgət］n. 集合体：a mass or body of units or parts

somewhat loosely associated with one another

［ˈægrɪgeɪt］v. 集合，聚集：to collect or gather into a mass or whole

profligate ［ˈprɑːflɪgət］adj./n. 挥金如土的，挥霍的：recklessly

wasteful; wildly extravagant

n. 败家子：someone who spends money freely or foolishly

irrigate ［ˈɪrɪgeɪt］vt. 灌溉：to supply（dry land）with water by means

of ditches, pipes, or streams; water artificially
vt. 冲洗：to flush（a body part）with a stream of liquid（as in removing a
foreign body or medicating）

mitigate ［ˈmɪtɪgeɪt］vt. 减轻痛苦，使缓和：to make less severe or

painful

castigate ［ˈkæstɪgeɪt］vt. 强烈（公开）指责：to criticize harshly and

usually publicly

instigate ［ˈɪnstɪgeɪt］vt. 煽动，激起：to goad or urge forward; to stir up

promulgate ［ˈprɑːmlgeɪt］vt. 正式宣布：to make known openly or

publicly

abrogate ［ˈæbrəgeɪt］v. 官方的正式废除：to abolish by authoritative

action, annul

v. 无视（某事的）存在：to treat as nonexistent

interrogate ［ɪnˈterəgeɪt］vt. 质问，审问：to question formally and

systematically

surrogate ［ˈsɜːrəgət］n. 替代品：one that takes the place of another

expurgate ［ˈekspərgeɪt］vt. 净化（书等），删去（不当处）：to

remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise objectionable material
from（a book, for example）before publication
subjugate ［ˈsʌbʤugeɪt］vt. 征服，镇压：to bring under control and
governance as a subject

emaciate ［ɪˈmeɪʃieɪt］vt. 削弱：to make feeble

depreciate ［dɪˈpriːʃieɪt］vt. 贬低…的价值：to lower the price or

estimated value of

enunciate ［ɪˈnʌnsieɪt］v. 清晰地说：to utter articulate sounds

vt. 公开宣布，宣称：to make known openly or publicly

excruciate ［ɪkˈskruːʃieɪt］vt. 折磨，使痛苦：to inflict severe pain on;

torture

mediate ［ˈmiːdieɪt］vt. 调解，调停：to intervene between two or more

disputants in order to bring about an agreement, a settlement, or a compromise
 List 10

repudiate ［rɪˈpjuːdieɪt］vt. 否认：to declare not to be true

retaliate ［rɪˈtælieɪt］v. 报复，反击：to pay back（as an injury）in kind

conciliate ［kənˈsɪlieɪt］v. 平息，抚慰：to lessen the anger or agitation of

humiliate ［hjuːˈmɪlieɪt］vt. 羞辱，使丧失尊严：to reduce to a lower

position in one's own eyes or others' eyes

palliate ［ˈpælieɪt］vt. 平息，减轻：to make less severe or intense;

mitigate

calumniate ［kəˈlʌmnɪeɪt］v. 诽谤，造谣，中伤：to utter maliciously

false statements, charges, or imputations about

expiate ［ˈekspieɪt］vt. 赎罪，纠正：to extinguish the guilt incurred by

excoriate ［ˌeksˈkɔːrieɪt］vt. 严厉批评：to criticize harshly and usually

publicly

appropriate ［əˈproʊprieɪt］v. 私自挪用：to take possession of or make

use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission
［əˈproʊpriət］adj. 适当的：especially suitable or compatible: fitting

repatriate ［ˌriːˈpeɪtrieɪt］vt. 遣返：to restore or return to the country of

origin, allegiance, or citizenship

striate ［ˈstraɪɪt］vt. 加条纹：to mark with striations or striae

infuriate ［ɪnˈfjʊrieɪt］vt. 激怒：to make furious

satiate ［ˈseɪʃieɪt］vt./adj. （使）饱足（的），过分满足（的）：to

satisfy fully or to excess

initiate ［ɪˈnɪʃieɪt］vt. 创始，发动促进：to cause or facili-tate the

beginning of

propitiate ［prəˈpɪʃieɪt］vt. 抚慰，劝解：to conciliate（an offended

power）; appease

vitiate ［ˈvɪʃieɪt］v. 削弱，损害：to reduce the value or impair the quality

of

substantiate ［səbˈstænʃieɪt］vt. 证实：to support with proof or evidence

potentiate ［poʊˈtenʃɪeɪt］vt. 激活，加强：to make effective or active, or

more effective or more active

negotiate ［nɪˈgoʊʃieɪt］v. 商量，谈判：to arrange or settle by discussion

and mutual agreement

obviate ［ˈɑːbvieɪt］vt. 排除，使不必要：to anticipate and prevent（as a

situation）or make unnecessary（as an action）

alleviate ［əˈliːvieɪt］v. 缓和，减轻：relieve, lessen

abbreviate ［əˈbriːvieɪt］v. 缩写，缩短：to make briefer

escalate ［ˈeskəleɪt］v. （使）（战争等）升级，扩大：to increase in

extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope

elate ［iˈleɪt］vt. 使开心，使自豪：to fill with joy or pride

correlate ［ˈkɔːrəleɪt］vt. 使…相关联：to establish a mutual or reciprocal

relation between

conflate ［kənˈfleɪt］vt. 混合：to turn into a single mass or entity that is

more or less the same throughout

dilate ［daɪˈleɪt］v. （使）膨胀，扩大：to enlarge or expand in bulk or

extent; to become wide

vacillate ［ˈvæsəleɪt］vi. 犹豫不决：to waver in mind, will, or feeling;

hesitate in choice of opinions or courses

vi. 摇动，摇摆：to sway from one side to the other; oscillate

oscillate ［ˈɑːsɪleɪt］vt. 犹豫，变化：vary between opposing beliefs,
feelings, or theories

scintillate ［ˈsɪntɪleɪt］vi. 闪耀：to emit sparks

extrapolate ［ɪkˈstræpəleɪt］vt. （通过逻辑）推断：to form an opinion

or reach a conclusion through reasoning and information

contemplate ［ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt］v. 沉思，仔细思索：to view or consider

with continued attention

slate ［sleɪt］vt. 列入名单，计划，安排：to put（some-one or

something）on a list

perambulate ［pəˈræmbjuleɪt］v. 徒步穿越，走过：to travel over or

through especially on foot for exercise or pleasure

discombobulate ［ˌdɪskəmˈbɑːbjuleɪt］vt. 使不安，使混乱：upset,

confuse

maculate ［ˈmækjəleɪt］vt. 使有斑点，弄脏；玷污，损坏：to spot;

blemish

immaculate ［ɪˈmækjələt］adj. 完美的，没有任何错误的：being

entirely without fault or flaw

speculate ［ˈspekjuleɪt］v. 推测，揣测：to take to be true on the basis of

insufficient evidence

matriculate ［məˈtrɪkjuleɪt］v. 录取：to admit or be admitted into a

group, especially a college or university

articulate ［ɑːrˈtɪkjuleɪt］v. 清晰地表达：to utter clearly and distinctly

［ɑːrˈtɪkjələt］adj. 表达清晰的：able to express oneself clearly and well

adulate ［ˈæʤəleɪt］v. 极度谄媚，拍马屁：to praise too much

coagulate ［koʊˈægjuleɪt］v. （使）凝结，（使）变稠：to（cause to）

become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass: curdle, clot

emulate ［ˈemjuleɪt］vt. 效仿并努力超越：to strive to equal or excel,

especially through imitation

simulate ［ˈsɪmjuleɪt］vt. 假装，模仿：to have or take on the appearance,

form, or sound of: imitate

accumulate ［əˈkjuːmjəleɪt］vi. 逐渐增长：to increase gradually in

quantity or number

manipulate ［məˈnɪpjuleɪt］vt. 巧妙处理；暗中操控：to influence or

manage shrewdly or deviously

stipulate ［ˈstɪpjuleɪt］v. 规定，特定要求：to specify or arrange in an

agreement
insulate ［ˈɪnsəleɪt］vt. 使绝缘，使隔离，不受外界影响：to place in a
detached situation

capitulate ［kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt］v. 投降，默许：to give up all resistance;

acquiesce; yield

recapitulate ［ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃuleɪt］v./n. 概括，摘要：to make into a short

statement of the main points

postulate ［ˈpɑːstʃəleɪt］n. 假定，假设：something taken as being true or

factual and used as a starting point for a course of action or reasoning

vt. 假定为真：to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary

expostulate ［ɪkˈspɑːstʃuleɪt］vi. 争论，辩驳：to reason earnestly with a

person for purposes of dissuasion or remonstrance

amalgamate ［əˈmælgəmeɪt］v. 合并，混合：to combine into a unified

or integrated whole; unite

acclimate ［ˈækləmeɪt］vt. 使适应：to change（something）so as to

make it suitable for a new use or situation

animate ［ˈænɪmət］adj. 有活力的：having much highspirited energy and

movement

［ˈænɪmeɪt］vt. 使有活力，支持：to give spirit and support to

inanimate ［ɪnˈænɪmət］adj. 无生命的：not having the qualities
associated with active, living organisms

intimate ［ˈɪntɪmət］adj. 有紧密联系的，亲密无间的：marked by very

close association, contact, or familiarity

［ˈɪntɪmeɪt］v. 间接地沟通：to communicate delicately and indirectly

consummate ［ˈkɑːnsəmət］adj. 专业的，有造诣的：extremely skilled

and accomplished

adj. 无纰漏的，完美的：complete in every detail; perfect

alienate ［ˈeɪliəneɪt］v. 疏远，离间：to make unfriendly, or indifferent

especially where attachment formerly existed

concatenate ［kənˈkætɪneɪt］v. 连结，混合：to put or bring together so

as to form a new and longer whole

designate ［ˈdezɪgneɪt］vt. 任命：to pick（someone）by one's authority

for a specific position or duty

vt. 命名：to give a name to

deracinate ［ˌdiːˈræsɪneɪt］vt. 根除：to pull out by the roots; uproot

vaccinate ［ˈvæksɪneɪt］v. 预防接种疫苗：to inoculate with a vaccine in

order to produce immunity to an infectious disease, such as diphtheria or
typhus

fascinate ［ˈfæsɪneɪt］vt. 强烈吸引，使入迷：to hold an intense interest

or attraction for

subordinate ［səˈbɔːrdɪnət］adj. 下级的；次要的：belonging to a lower

or inferior class or rank

［səˈbɔːrdɪneɪt］vt. 征服：to bring under one's control by force of arms

insubordinate ［ˌɪnsəˈbɔːrdɪnət］adj. 不服从权威的：not submissive to

authority

contaminate ［kənˈtæmɪneɪt］vt. 污染，感染：to soil, stain, corrupt, or

infect by contact or association

disseminate ［dɪˈsemɪneɪt］vt. 散播，传播：to spread abroad;

promulgate

incriminate ［ɪnˈkrɪmɪneɪt］vt. 归罪于：to accuse of a crime or other

wrongful act

discriminate ［dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt］vt. 区分：to perceive the distinguishing

features of; recognize as distinct

vi. 歧视：to make a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than

individual meri
culminate ［ˈkʌlmɪneɪt］v. 达到高潮：to bring to a triumphant conclusion

fulminate ［ˈfʊlmɪneɪt］v. 大声斥责：to issue a thunderous verbal attack

or denunciation

abominate ［əˈbɑːmɪneɪt］v. 痛恨，厌恶：to hate or loathe in-tensely,

abhor

germinate ［ˈʤɜːrmɪneɪt］vi. 发芽：to begin to grow

vi. 出现：to come into being

exterminate ［ɪkˈstɜːrmɪneɪt］vt. 根除，消灭：to get rid of completely

usually by killing off

illuminate ［ɪˈluːmɪneɪt］vt. 阐明：to make plain or understandable

ruminate ［ˈruːmɪneɪt］v. 反复思考：to go over in the mind repeatedly

and often casually or slowly

indoctrinate ［ɪnˈdɑːktrɪneɪt］vt. 教育，灌输思想：to instruct especially

in fundamentals or rudiments

procrastinate ［proʊˈkræstɪneɪt］vi. （因为懒散）拖延：to put off doing

something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness

obstinate ［ˈɑːbstɪnət］adj. 固执的：perversely adhering to an opinion,

purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion

dispassionate ［dɪsˈpæʃənət］adj. 客观公正的，不易被情绪或偏见影响

的：devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias

resonate ［ˈrezəneɪt］v. 有重要性：beneficial to the health of body or

mind

incarnate ［ɪnˈkɑːrnət］vt. 使（思想、理论）具化，体现：to constitute

an embodiment or type of

inchoate ［ɪnˈkoʊət］adj. 新生的，才开始的：in an initial or early stage

emancipate ［ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt］vt. 解放，解除束缚：to free from bondage,

oppression, or restraint

dissipate ［ˈdɪsɪpeɪt］vt. 驱散：to drive away; disperse

vt. 浪费：to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully: squander

inculpate ［ɪnˈkʌlpeɪt］vt. 归罪于：incriminate

exculpate ［ˈekskʌlpeɪt］vt. 声明无罪；开脱，使无罪：to clear from

alleged fault or guilt

spate ［speɪt］n. 大量：a large number or amount

exhilarate ［ɪgˈzɪləreɪt］vt. 使高兴；使兴奋：to make cheerful and
excited

disparate ［ˈdɪspərət］adj. 迥然不同的：fundamentally distinct or

different in kind; entirely dissimilar

calibrate ［ˈkælɪbreɪt］vt. 调整，使标准化：to standardize（as a

measuring instrument）by determining the deviation from a standard so as to
ascertain the proper correction factors

adumbrate ［ˈædəmbreɪt］vt. 预示：to give a slight indication of

beforehand

desecrate ［ˈdesɪkreɪt］vt. 亵渎，玷污：to treat（a sacred place or

object）shamefully or with great disrespect

execrate ［ˈeksɪkreɪt］v. 痛恨：to dislike strongly

dehydrate ［diːˈhaɪdreɪt］vt. 去除水分，使干燥：to remove water from;

make anhydrous

vt. 使失去活力：to deprive of vitality or savor

berate ［bɪˈreɪt］vt. （长时间）严厉指责：to scold or condemn

vehemently and at length

deliberate ［dɪˈlɪbərət］adj. 深思熟虑的：characterized by or resulting

from careful and thorough consideration

reverberate ［rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt］vi. 回荡，回响：to continue or be repeated in

a series of reflected sound waves
 List 11

lacerate ［ˈlæsəreɪt］vt. 使非常痛苦：to cause deep emotional pain to;

distress

macerate ［ˈmæsəreɪt］vt. 浸泡（以软化）：to make soft by soaking or

steeping in a liquid

moderate ［ˈmɑːdəreɪt］vt. 使缓和：to lessen the intensity or extremeness

of

［ˈmɑːdərət］adj. 适度的，中庸的：being within reasonable limits; not

excessive or extreme

proliferate ［prəˈlɪfəreɪt］vi. 快速繁殖；激增：to grow or multiply by

rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring; to increase at a rapid
rate

regenerate ［rɪˈʤenəreɪt］vt. 使重获新生，使焕然一新：to bring back

to life, practice, activity or a former condition of vigor

venerate ［ˈvenəreɪt］vt. 尊敬：to regard with reverential respect or with

admiring deference

incinerate ［ɪnˈsɪnəreɪt］v. 将…烧成灰烬：to cause to burn to ashes

exonerate ［ɪgˈzɑːnəreɪt］vt. 免除责备：to free from blame

remunerate ［rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt］vt. 支付报酬，补偿：to pay an equivalent to

for a service, loss, or expense

temperate ［ˈtempərət］adj. （言行举止）有分寸的：avoiding extremes

in behavior or expression

adj. 有节制的：given to or marked by restraint in the satisfaction of one's

appetites

intemperate ［ɪnˈtempərət］adj. 无节制的，极端的，不温和的：not

temperate or moderate

exasperate ［ɪgˈzæspəreɪt］vt. 激怒：to excite the anger of

recuperate ［rɪˈkuːpəreɪt］v. 恢复（健康或力量），康复：to recover

health or strength

vituperate ［vaɪˈtuːpəreɪt］vt. 谩骂，责骂：to abuse or censure severely

or abusively

commiserate ［kəˈmɪzəreɪt］vi. 表示怜悯，同情：to feel or express

sympathy

inveterate ［ɪnˈvetərət］adj. 根深蒂固的：firmly established by long

persistence
reiterate ［riˈɪtəreɪt］v. 重申：to say or state again

obliterate ［əˈblɪtəreɪt］vt. 除去：to remove from existence

adulterate ［əˈdʌltəreɪt］vt. 掺杂，加入低等成分：to corrupt, debase, or

make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element

grate ［greɪt］v. 刮擦（以发出刺耳的声音）：to make a rasping sound

v. 骚扰，惹恼：to irritate or annoy persistently

emigrate ［ˈemɪgreɪt］vi. 移民，移居海外：to leave one's place of

residence or country to live elsewhere

denigrate ［ˈdenɪgreɪt］vt. 诋毁，污蔑：to express scornfully one's low

opinion of

irate ［aɪˈreɪt］adj. 极其愤怒的：extremely angry

pirate ［ˈpaɪrət］vt. 盗版，盗用：to take or make use of under a guise of

authority but without actual right

elaborate ［ɪˈlæbərət］adj. 详细的，复杂的：marked by complexity,

fullness of detail, or ornament

［ɪˈlæbəreɪt］vt. 详细阐述：to expand something in detail

corroborate ［kəˈrɑːbəreɪt］vt. 用证据或权威证实：to support with

evidence or authority; make more certain

vt. 为…提供证据，支持：to provide evidence or information for（as a

claim or idea）

perforate ［ˈpɜːrfəreɪt］v. 打孔，穿透：to make a hole through

invigorate ［ɪnˈvɪgəreɪt］vt. 使精神，使强壮，鼓舞激励：to impart

vigor, strength, or vitality to

ameliorate ［əˈmiːliəreɪt］vt. 改善，改进：to make or become better;

improve

prate ［preɪt］vi. 闲聊，空谈：to talk long and idly

infiltrate ［ˈɪnfɪltreɪt］vt. 秘密潜入：to enter or take up positions in

gradually or surreptitiously, as for purposes of espionage or takeover

concentrate ［ˈkɑːnsntreɪt］vt. 浓缩：to make less dilute

v. 聚集：to come together in one body or place

demonstrate ［ˈdemənstreɪt］vt. （通过证据）证明，表明：to show or

make clear by using examples

prostrate ［ˈprɑːstreɪt］adj./vt. 平躺（的）/使平躺：lying flat or at full

length

adj./v. 衰弱的/（使）衰竭：to reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation

obdurate ［ˈɑːbdərət］adj. 固执的：resistant to persuasion or softening
influences

adj. 冷酷无情的：having or showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings

indurate ［ˈɪndjʊreɪt］adj. 铁石心肠的，冷酷无情的：having or

showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings

vt. 使变硬：to become physically firm or solid

inaugurate ［ɪˈnɔːgjəreɪt］vt. 开始：to cause to begin, especially officially

or formally

commensurate ［kəˈmenʃərət］adj. 同样大小的：equal in measure or

extent

adj. 相称的，相当的：corresponding in size or degree; proportionate

incommensurate ［ˌɪnkəˈmenʃərət］adj. 不相称的：too large or too small

in relation to something

saturate ［ˈsætʃəreɪt］vt. 使饱和，浸透：to wet thoroughly with liquid

sate ［seɪt］vt. 使饱足，充分满足：to glut; to satisfy（an appetite）fully

dictate ［ˈdɪkteɪt］vt. （仗着地位、权力）下令：to request the doing of

by virtue of one's authority
resuscitate ［rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt］vt. 使复活，使苏醒：to restore consciousness,
vigor, or life to

meditate ［ˈmedɪteɪt］vt. 思索，沉思：to focus one's thoughts on

premeditate ［ˌpriːˈmedɪteɪt］vi. 预先考虑：to, think, consider, or

deliberate beforehand

agitate ［ˈæʤɪteɪt］v. 煽动，激起：to attempt to arouse public feeling

vt. 使不安：to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of: disturb

rehabilitate ［ˌriːəˈbɪlɪteɪt］vt. 使复原，使康复：to restore to a former

state（as of efficiency, good management, or solvency）or a healthy
condition

debilitate ［dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt］vt. 使衰弱：to impair the strength of; enfeeble

facilitate ［fəˈsɪlɪteɪt］vt. 使变容易，促进：to make easy or easier

precipitate ［prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt］adj. 匆忙的：acting or done with excessive or

careless speed

vt. 促使，导致：to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely

irritate ［ˈɪrɪteɪt］vt. 刺激，惹恼：to provoke impatience, anger, or

displeasure in
potentate ［ˈpoʊtnteɪt］n. 有权势的人：one who has the power and
position to rule over others

annotate ［ˈænəteɪt］vt. 给…作注解：to furnish（a literary work）with

critical commentary or explanatory notes

instate ［ɪnˈsteɪt］vt. 任命：to set or establish in a rank or office

understate ［ˌʌndərˈsteɪt］vt. 保守陈述：to state or present with restraint

especially for effect

mutate ［ˈmjuːteɪt］v. （使）改变，（使）变异：to undergo or cause to

undergo mutation

evacuate ［ɪˈvækjueɪt］vt. 撤离：to empty or remove the contents of

attenuate ［əˈtenjueɪt］v. 降低（数量、力量、价值）：to lessen the

amount, force, magnitude, or value of

extenuate ［ɪkˈstenjueɪt］vt. 减轻罪过：to lessen or to try to lessen the

seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses

infatuate ［ɪnˈfætʃueɪt］vt. 使迷恋：to inspire with unreasoning love or

attachment

accentuate ［əˈksentʃueɪt］v. 强调：to make（something）more

noticeable
excavate ［ˈekskəveɪt］v. 挖掘，挖空：to dig out and remove

aggravate ［ˈægrəveɪt］vt. 加重，恶化：to make worse, more serious, or

more severe

elevate ［ˈelɪveɪt］vt. （在道德、智力、文化水平上）提升：to

improve morally, intellectually, or culturally

vt. 使兴奋：to raise the spirits of

recidivate ［riːˈsidəveɪt］vi. 回到原先的习惯，尤指重新犯罪：to return

to a previous pattern of behavior, especially to return to criminal habits

cultivate ［ˈkʌltɪveɪt］vt. 提升，加强：to improve by labor, care, or study

vt. 种植，培养：to promote the growth of（a biological culture）

motivate ［ˈmoʊtɪveɪt］vt. 刺激，激发：to provide with an incentive;

move to action

captivate ［ˈkæpɪveɪt］vt. 吸引：to attract and hold by charm, beauty, or

excellence

renovate ［ˈrenəveɪt］vt. 修复，维修：to restore to a former better

state（as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding）

enervate ［ˈenərveɪt］vt. 使衰弱：to weaken or destroy the strength or

vitality of
effete ［ɪˈfiːt］adj. 衰弱的，衰落的：depleted of vitality, force, or
effectiveness

obsolete ［ˌɑːbsəˈliːt］adj. 过时的，被淘汰的：no longer in use or no

longer useful

deplete ［dɪˈpliːt］vt. 耗尽，使衰竭：to decrease the fullness of; to make

complete use of

replete ［rɪˈpliːt］adj. 充满…的，富于…的：possessing or covered with

great numbers or amounts of something specified

accrete ［æˈkriːt］v. 逐渐增长：to grow or increase gradually, as by

addition

secrete ［sɪˈkriːt］vt. 隐藏：to conceal in a hiding place: cache

vt. 分泌：to generate and separate（a substance）from cells or bodily fluids

concrete ［ˈkɑːŋkriːt］adj. 事实性的，明确的：existing in fact and not

merely as a possibility

discrete ［dɪˈskriːt］adj. 离散的，不连续的：constituting a separate

entity

excrete ［ɪkˈskriːt］vt. 排泄：to separate and discharge（waste matter）

from the blood, tissues, or organs
incite ［ɪnˈsaɪt］vt. 煽动，激起：to provoke and urge on

expedite ［ˈekspədaɪt］vt. 加快进程：to speed up the progress of;

accelerate

recondite ［ˈrekəndaɪt］adj. 深奥的，难解的：difficult or impossible for

one of ordinary understanding or knowledge to comprehend

erudite ［ˈerudaɪt］adj. 博学的：characterized by erudition; learned

mite ［maɪt］n. 微小的东西，很少的钱：a very small object, creature, or

particle, a very small sum of money

ignite ［ɪgˈnaɪt］vt. 激起，唤起（感情等）：to arouse the passions of

infinite ［ˈɪnfɪnət］adj. 无尽的，无限的：having no boundaries or limits

respite ［ˈrespɪt］n. 间歇，休息：an interval of rest or relief

rite ［raɪt］n. 惯例，仪式：a prescribed form or manner governing the

words or actions for a ceremony

sybarite ［ˈsɪbəraɪt］n. 沉溺于奢侈逸乐者，酒色之徒：a person

devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary

trite ［traɪt］adj. 陈腐的，陈词滥调的：hackneyed or boring from much

use, not fresh or original
contrite ［kənˈtraɪt］adj. （因为有罪孽或过错而感到）后悔悲痛
的：feeling or showing sorrow and remorse for a sin or shortcoming

requisite ［ˈrekwɪzɪt］n. 必需品：something necessary, indispensable, or

unavoidable

adj. 必不可少的，必备的：essential, necessary

prerequisite ［ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt］n. 先决条件，前提：something that is

necessary to an end or to the carrying out of a function

perquisite ［ˈpɜːrkwɪzɪt］n. 额外的好处：something given in addition to

what is ordinarily expected or owed

exquisite ［ɪkˈskwɪzɪt］adj. 精致精巧的：having qualities that appeal to a

refined taste

apposite ［ˈæpəzɪt］adj. 相关的，合适的：highly pertinent or

appropriate: apt

requite ［rɪˈkwaɪt］vt. 酬谢，报答：to make repayment or return for

vt. 报仇：to punish in kind the wrongdoer responsible for

svelte ［svelt］adj. （女人）体态苗条的，优雅的：slender or graceful

in figure or outline; slim

dilettante ［ˌdɪləˈtænti］n./adj. 业余爱好者（对艺术或知识领域涉猎浅

薄者）/缺乏专业技术的：a person having a superficial interest in an
art/lacking or showing a lack of expert skill
 List 12

anecdote ［ˈænɪkdoʊt］n. 短小有趣的故事，段子：a usually short

narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident

demote ［ˌdiːˈmoʊt］vt. 降职，降级：to reduce to a lower grade or rank

rote ［roʊt］n. 死记硬背：a memorizing process using routine or

repetition, often without full attention or comprehension

forte ［fɔːrt］n. 优势，长处：something for which a person shows a

special talent

lambaste ［læmˈbeɪst］vt. 严厉斥责：to scold sharply; berate

vignette ［vɪnˈjet］n. 简介，短文：a vivid representation in words of

someone or something

coquette ［koʊˈket］v. 调情；不认真对待：to flirt; to deal with

something playfully rather than seriously

tribute ［ˈtrɪbjuːt］n. 称颂，颂词：a gift, payment, declaration, or other

acknowledgment of gratitude, respect, or admiration
acute ［əˈkjuːt］adj. 敏锐的：marked by keen discernment or intellectual
perception especially of subtle distinctions, penetrating

adj. （程度、影响）极强的：extreme in degree, or effect

persecute ［ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt］vt. 迫害，折磨：to cause persistent suffering to

refute ［rɪˈfjuːt］vt. 否认：to declare not to be true

dilute ［daɪˈluːt］vt. 稀释/adj. 经稀释的：to make thinner or less

concentrated by adding a liquid such as water/of relatively low strength or
concentration

absolute ［ˈæbsəluːt］adj. 专制的：unconstrained by constitutional or

other provisions

adj. 无限的：unqualified in extent or degree; total

adj. 完美的，纯净不掺杂的：free from imperfection; free or relatively free

from mixture

adj. 不容置疑的，确凿的：positive, unquestionable

resolute ［ˈrezəluːt］adj. 坚定的：marked by firm determination

dissolute ［ˈdɪsəluːt］adj. 放荡的，无节制的：lacking moral restraint;

indulging in sensual pleasures or vices

mute ［mjuːt］adj. 不说话的，缄默的：deliberately refraining from

speech

minute ［maɪˈnjuːt］adj. 仔细的，谨小慎微的：characterized by careful

scrutiny and close examination

adj. 小的，不重要的：very small or of small importance

repute ［rɪˈpjuːt］n. （尤指好的）名声，名誉：a good reputation

substitute ［ˈsʌbstɪtuːt］n. 取代者，替代品：a person or thing that takes

the place or function of another

vt. 取代，替代：to take the place of

institute ［ˈɪnstɪtuːt］vt. 创立，制定：to establish, organize, and set in

operation

constitute ［ˈkɑːnstətuːt］vt. 指派，任命：to appoint to an office,

function, or dignity

vt. 构成：make up, form, compose

reconstitute ［ˌriːˈkɑːnstətuːt］vt. 重建，（尤其是通过加水）使复

原：to constitute again or anew; to restore to a former condition, especially by
adding water

astute ［əˈstuːt］adj. 机敏的，有洞察力的：having or showing

shrewdness and perspicacity
neophyte ［ˈniːəfaɪt］n. 初学者，新手：a beginner or novice

subdue ［səbˈduː］vt. 使顺从；征服：to conquer and bring into

subjection; to bring under one's control by force of arms

residue ［ˈrezɪduː］n. 剩余物：something that remains after a part is

taken, separated, or designated

undue ［ˌʌnˈdjuː］adj. 过度的，过多的：going beyond a normal or

acceptable limit in degree or amount

plague ［pleɪg］n. 瘟疫：a widespread disease resulting in a high rate of

death

v. 折磨，使…痛苦：to cause persistent suffering

vague ［veɪg］adj. 表达不清的：not clearly expressed

adj. 轮廓不清晰的：lacking definite shape, form, or character

intrigue ［ˈɪntriːg］n. 阴谋：a secret plan for accomplishing evil or

unlawful ends

［ɪnˈtriːg］vt. 激起…的兴趣：to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of

fatigue ［fəˈtiːg］n. 疲惫：weariness or exhaustion from labor, exertion, or

stress
harangue ［həˈræŋ］v./n. （发表）长篇大论：a long pompous speech,
especially one delivered before a gathering

pedagogue ［ˈpedəgɑːg］n. 教育者，老师：a person whose occupation is

to give formal instruction in a school

demagogue ［ˈdeməgɑːg］n. 蛊惑民心的政客：a leader who makes use

of popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power

epilogue ［ˈepɪlɔːg］n. 文学作品的结局：a concluding section that

rounds out the design of a literary work

monologue ［ˈmɑːnəlɔːg］n. 独白：a dramatic sketch performed by one

actor

prologue ［ˈproʊlɔːg］n. 序言：the preface or introduction to a literary

work

venue ［ˈvenjuː］n. 场地：the area or space occupied by or intended for

something

opaque ［oʊˈpeɪk］adj. 晦涩的：so obscure as to be unintelligible

oblique ［əˈbliːk］adj. 斜的：inclined or twisted to one side

pique ［piːk］vt. 激起，刺激：to excite or arouse especially by a

provocation, challenge, or rebuff
baroque ［bəˈroʊk］adj. 装饰华丽的，过分雕琢的，复杂
的：characterized by extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance

burlesque ［bɜːrˈlesk］n./v. 夸张滑稽地模仿以嘲弄他人的文学艺术作

品，恶搞：to copy or exaggerate（someone or some-thing）in order to make
fun of

grotesque ［groʊˈtesk］adj. 难看的：unpleasant to look at

rue ［ruː］n. 后悔，遗憾：the feeling of regret, remorse, or sorrow for

misconstrue ［ˌmɪskənˈstruː］vt. 误解，曲解：to mistake the meaning of

ensue ［ɪnˈsuː］vi. 紧随其后：to take place afterward or as a result

issue ［ˈɪʃuː］n. （有争议的）话题，议题：a matter that is in dispute

between two or more parties

v. （使）流出：to（cause to）go, come, or flow out

cleave ［kliːv］vi. 紧贴，坚持：to adhere firmly and closely or loyally

and unwaveringly

vt. 分隔，割裂，劈开：to divide by or as if by a cutting blow

rave ［reɪv］vi. 狂热赞扬：to make an exaggerated display of affection or

enthusiasm
vi. （发疯般地）怒吼：to talk irrationally and wildly in or as if in delirium

crave ［kreɪv］vt. 热望：to have an intense desire for

peeve ［piːv］vt. 打扰，惹恼：to disturb the peace of mind

of（someone）especially by repeated disagreeable acts

grieve ［griːv］vt. （使）感到悲伤：to（cause to）feel deep sadness or

mental pain

aggrieve ［əˈgriːv］vt. 使苦恼，使悲痛：to give pain or trouble to,

distress

reprieve ［rɪˈpriːv］vt. 对…暂缓处刑，免罪：to postpone or cancel the

punishment of

retrieve ［rɪˈtriːv］vt. 寻回，找回：to get back again

naïve ［naɪˈiːv］adj. 天真纯朴的：lacking worldly experience and

understanding, simple and guileless

conducive ［kənˈduːsɪv］adj. 有益的，有促进作用的：tending to

promote or assist

hive ［haɪv］n. 忙碌之地：a place swarming with activity

v. 储备，积累：to store up; accumulate

connive ［kəˈnaɪv］vi. 暗中合作，共谋：to cooperate secretly or have a
secret understanding; collude

rive ［raɪv］v. 撕开：to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces

cohesive ［koʊˈhiːsɪv］adj. 有粘性的；有凝聚力的：exhibiting or

producing cohesion or coherence

compulsive ［ˈkeɪɑːs］adj. 不能自拔的：caused by or suggestive of an

irresistible urge

expansive ［ɪkˈspænsɪv］adj. 健谈的，外向的：open and

communicative; talkative or effusive

apprehensive ［ˌæprɪˈhensɪv］adj. 知晓的，理解的：having specified

facts or feelings actively impressed on the mind

adj. 恐惧的，害怕的：anxious or fearful about the future

pensive ［ˈpensɪv］adj. 沉思的，（尤指）哀思的：given to or marked

by long, quiet and often musingly sad thinking

responsive ［rɪˈspɑːnsɪv］adj. 反应的；敏感的：quick to respond or

react appropriately or sympathetically

corrosive ［kəˈroʊsɪv］adj. 腐蚀性的：tending to destroy slowly by

chemical action
adj. 讽刺性的：bitingly sarcastic

discursive ［dɪsˈkɜːrsɪv］adj. （谈话内容）杂乱的：moving from topic

to topic without order

excursive ［ɪkˈskɜːrsɪv］adj. 离题的；散漫的：passing from one topic to

another

impassive ［ɪmˈpæsɪv］adj. 冷漠的，无感情的：giving no sign of

feeling or emotion

recessive ［rɪˈsesɪv］adj. 内向的，内敛的：not comfortable around

people

aggressive ［əˈgresɪv］adj. 好斗的：having a quality of anger and

determination that makes it ready to attack others

adj. 强有力的，强烈的：marked by or uttered with forcefulness

submissive ［səbˈmɪsɪv］adj. 服从的，顺从的，恭顺的：submitting to

others

effusive ［ɪˈfjuːsɪv］adj. 感情泛滥的/溢于言表的；感情表达不节制的/

过度的；过分多情的：unrestrained or excessive in emotional expression

inconclusive ［ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv］adj. 没有定论的：not showing that

something is certainly true
obtrusive ［əbˈtruːsɪv］adj. 扎眼的，难看显眼的：noticeable in an
unpleasant way

prerogative ［prɪˈrɑːgətɪv］n. 特权，权力：an exclusive or special right,

power, or privilege

lucrative ［ˈluːkrətɪv］adj. 有利可图的：yielding a profit

imperative ［ɪmˈperətɪv］adj. 命令的，强制性的：forcing one's compli-

ance or participation by or as if by law

adj. 迫切的：needing immediate attention

pejorative ［pɪˈʤɔːrətɪv］adj. 轻蔑的，贬低的：disparaging; belittling

restorative ［rɪˈstɔːrətɪv］adj. 有益健康的：beneficial to the health of

body or mind

figurative ［ˈfɪgərətɪv］adj. 比喻的：expressing one thing in terms

normally denoting another with which it may be regarded as analogous

tentative ［ˈtentətɪv］adj. 暂时性的，尝试的：not fully worked out or

developed

hortative ［ˈhɔːrtətɪv］adj. 鼓励的：giving exhortation

putative ［ˈpjuːtətɪv］adj. 推测的，假定的：generally regarded as such

derivative ［dɪˈrɪvətɪv］adj. 非原创的：lacking originality: banal

innovative ［ˈɪnəveɪtɪv］adj. 创新性的：characterized by, tending to, or

introducing innovations

conservative ［kənˈsɜːrvətɪv］adj. 守旧的，不愿改变的：favoring

traditional views and values; tending to oppose change

adj. 不招摇的，低调的：not excessively showy

retroactive ［ˌretroʊˈæktɪv］adj. 有追溯效力的：extending in scope or

effect to a prior time or to conditions that existed or originated in the past

retrospective ［ˌretrəˈspektɪv］adj. 回顾的：looking back on,

contemplating, or directed to the past

invective ［ɪnˈvektɪv］adj. 侮辱性的：of, relating to, or characterized by

insult or abuse

vindictive ［vɪnˈdɪktɪv］adj. 复仇的，有寻仇倾向的：disposed to seek

revenge

distinctive ［dɪˈstɪŋktɪv］adj. 完全不同的：being not of the same kind

disjunctive ［dɪsˈʤʌŋktɪv］adj. 分离的：marked by breaks or disunity

counterproductive ［ˌkaʊntərprəˈdʌktɪv］adj. 反效果的，阻碍预期目标

的：not producing or tending to hinder the attainment of a desired goal

prohibitive ［prəˈhɪbətɪv］adj. （价格高得）抑制购买的：so high or

burdensome as to discourage purchase or use

primitive ［ˈprɪmətɪv］ adj. 原始的：belonging to or characteristic of an

early level of skill or development

acquisitive ［əˈkwɪzətɪv］ adj. 贪婪的：strongly desirous of acquiring

and possessing
 List 13

inquisitive ［ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv］adj. 过分好奇的：inordinately or improperly

curious about the affairs of others

intuitive ［ɪnˈtuːɪtɪv］adj. 直觉的：knowing or perceiving by intuition

substantive ［səbˈstæntɪv］adj. 本质的，关键的：of or relating to the

essence or substance

incentive ［ɪnˈsentɪv］ n. 刺激，诱因：something that incites or has a

tendency to incite to determination or action

retentive ［rɪˈtentɪv］ adj. 记性好的：having the ability or capacity to

retain knowledge or information with ease

plaintive ［ˈpleɪntɪv］ adj. 悲伤的：expressing suffering or sadness

perceptive ［pərˈseptɪv］adj. 敏锐的：able to sense slight impressions or

differences

assertive ［əˈsɜːrtɪv］adj. 自信的：inclined to bold or confident assertion;

aggressively self-assured
furtive ［ˈfɜːrtɪv］adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的；秘密的：done by stealth

restive ［ˈrestɪv］adj. 急躁的，忧虑的：marked by impatience or

uneasiness

diminutive ［dɪˈmɪnjətɪvl］adj. 极小的：of a size that is less than average

revive ［rɪˈvaɪv］vi. 再获新生：to become active or flourishing again

salve ［sælv］v. 减轻，缓解：quiet, assuage

delve ［delv］v. 探究，钻研：to make a careful or detailed search for

information

absolve ［əbˈzɑːlv］v. 使无罪，解除责任：to set free from an obligation

or the consequences of guilt, exculpate

dissolve ［dɪˈzɑːlv］v. 溶解，融化：to cause to pass into solution; to

reduce （solid matter） to liquid form; melt

v. 解散：to break into component parts; disintegrate

behoove ［bɪˈhuːv］vt. 对…有利：to be necessary, proper or

advantageous for

groove ［gruːv］v. 享受，极其满意，过得快活：to take pleasure in

reprove ［rɪˈpruːv］vt. 温和地责备，警告：to scold or correct usually
gently or with kindly intent

disprove ［ˌdɪsˈpruːv］vt. 反驳，证明为假：to prove to be false or wrong

nerve ［nɜːrv］n. （坚强的）意志，勇气：power of endurance or

control; strength of mind to carry on in spite of danger

vt. 给予勇气，鼓励：to give strength or courage to

verve ［vɜːrv］n. 活力，热情：vitality, liveliness

swerve ［swɜːrv］vi. 突然改变方向：to turn aside abruptly from a straight

line or course

awe ［ɔː］n./v. 敬畏：an emotion variously combining dread, veneration,

and wonder that is inspired by authority or by the sacred or sublime

faze ［feɪz］vt. 打扰，使尴尬：to disturb the composure of: disconcert,

dismay

glaze ［gleɪz］vt. 给…上釉，妆点：to coat with or as if with a glaze

raze ［reɪz］vt. 摧毁，粉碎：to destroy completely by or as if by

knocking down or breaking to pieces

ostracize ［ˈɑːstrəsaɪz ］vt. 驱逐：to exclude from a group

aggrandize ［əˈgrændaɪz］vt. 增加、提高（力量、财富、地位、声
誉）等：to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of

eulogize ［ˈjuːləʤaɪz］vt. 称赞；颂扬：to speak or write in high praise of

demoralize ［dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪz］vt. 使士气低落：to undermine the confidence

or morale of; dishearten

vt. 贬低，使堕落：to lower in character, dignity, or quality

neutralize ［ˈnuːtrəlaɪz］vt. 使无效：to make inoperative or ineffective

usually by means of an opposite force, influence, or effect

tantalize ［ˈtæntəlaɪz］vt. 激起，挑逗，引诱：to excite （another） by

exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach

fertilize ［ˈfɜːrtəlaɪz］vt. 使肥沃，使多产：to make fertile

monopolize ［məˈnɑːpəlaɪz］vt. 垄断，主宰：to have complete control

over

minimize ［ˈmɪnɪmaɪz］vt. 将…减到最少：to reduce to the smallest

possible amount, extent, size, or degree

vt. 刻意低估：to underestimate intentionally

victimize ［ˈvɪktɪmaɪz］vt. 使受骗：to subject to deception or fraud

epitomize ［ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz］vt. 代表，体现，是…的典型范例：to represent
in visible form; to be a typical example of

galvanize ［ˈgælvənaɪz］vt. （好似用电击）刺激：to stimulate or excite

as if by an electric shock

homogenize ［həˈmɑːʤənaɪz］vt. 使统一化：to make agree with a single

established standard or model

scrutinize ［ˈskruːtənaɪz］vt. 仔细检查：to examine or observe with great

care

agonize ［ˈægənaɪz］v. （使）非常痛苦：to （cause to） feel deep

sadness or mental pain

antagonize ［ænˈtægənaɪz］vt. 与…敌对，反对：to act in opposition to:

counteract

vt. 激怒：to incur or provoke the hostility of

lionize ［ˈlaɪənaɪz］vt. 追捧，把…捧为名人：to look on or treat （a

person） as a celebrity

canonize ［ˈkænənaɪz］vt. 使崇高，使神圣：to assign a high status or

value to

patronize ［ˈpeɪtrənaɪz］vt. 赞助：to provide aid or support for

vt. 以高人一等的态度对待：to adopt an air of condescension toward: treat
haughtily or coolly

plagiarize ［ˈpleɪʤəraɪz］v. 剽窃，抄袭：to steal and pass off （the

ideas or words of another） as one's own

polarize ［ˈpoʊləraɪz］vt. 使分开对立，使两极分化：to break up into

opposing factions or groupings

particularize ［pərˈtɪkjələraɪz］vt. 详述：to go into or give details or

particulars

pulverize ［ˈpʌlvəraɪz］vt. 将…彻底摧毁：to pound, crush or grind to

powder or dust; to bring to a complete end the physical soundness, existence,
or usefulness of

satirize ［ˈsætəraɪz］vt. 讽刺：to ridicule or attack by means of satire

valorize ［ˈvæpəraɪz］v. 提升，赞美：to enhance or try to enhance the

price, value, or status

vaporize ［ˈveɪpəraɪz］vt. 彻底消灭：to destroy by or as if by converting

into vapor

temporize ［ˈtempəraɪz］vi. 行动躲躲闪闪以争取时间、躲避争论等，

打哈哈：to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument, or postpone a
decision
extemporize ［ɪkˈstempəraɪz］v. 即兴表现：to do or perform
（something） without prior preparation or practice

idolatrize ［aɪˈdɑːlətraɪz］vt. （通常盲目）崇拜：admires intensely and

often blindly

stigmatize ［ˈstɪgmətaɪz］vt. 使蒙上污名：to characterize or brand as

disgraceful or ignominious

proselytize ［ˈprɑːsələtaɪz］v. （使）改变信仰：to persuade to change to

one's religious faith

doze ［doʊz］vi./n. 小憩：to sleep lightly or briefly

catalyze ［ˈkætəlaɪz］vt. 成为…的导火索，导致：to be the cause of （a

situation, action, or state of mind）

oaf ［oʊf］n. 愚蠢的人：a stupid person

chaff ［tʃæf］v. 开玩笑：to make jokes

quaff ［kwæf］vt. 大口地喝：to drink （a beverage） heartily

miff ［mɪf］vt. 使恼怒：to cause to become offended or annoyed

tiff ［tɪf］n./v. 小争吵：a petty quarrel

stiff ［stɪf］adj. 僵硬的，无法弯曲的：lacking in suppleness or
flexibility

adj. 艰苦的，费力的：requiring considerable physical or mental effort

scoff ［skɔːf］v. 嘲笑：to treat or address with derision: mock

doff ［dɑːf］vt. 脱下：to take off; remove

rebuff ［rɪˈbʌf］vt. 严词拒绝：to reject or criticize sharply

scuff ［skʌf］v. （使）磨损：to become scratched, chipped, or roughened

by wear

bluff ［blʌf］adj. 直率的, （说话）直截了当的：being or characterized

by direct, brief, and potentially rude speech or manner

vt. 欺骗：to cause to believe what is untrue; deceive

aloof ［əˈluːf］adj. 高冷的：removed or distant either physically or

emotionally

spoof ［spuːf］n. 轻松幽默的模仿，小恶搞：a work that imitates and

exaggerates another work for comic effect

reproof ［rɪˈpruːf］n. 批评，反对：criticism for a fault, rebuke

foolproof ［ˈfuːlpruːf］adj. 十分简单以至于不会失败的：so simple,
plain, or reliable as to leave no opportunity for error, misuse, or failure

windbag ［ˈwɪndbæg］n. 健谈的人：an exhaustively talkative person

gag ［gæg］n. 笑话；玩笑之举：a laugh-provoking remark or act; a joke

lag ［læg］vi. 缓慢行走：to proceed or develop with comparative

slowness

vi. 萎靡，失去活力：to lose bodily strength or vigor

flag ［flæg］vi. 变得衰弱：to become unsteady, feeble, or spiritless

snag ［snæɡ］n. 障碍：a danger or difficulty that is hidden or not easily

recognized

wag ［wæg］v. 摆动：to move to and fro or up and down especially with
quick jerky motions

bracing ［ˈbreɪsɪŋ］adj. 令人振奋的，给人带来活力的：giving

strength, vigor, or freshness

padding ［ˈpædɪŋ］n. 夸张，废话：the representation of something in

terms that go beyond the facts

plodding ［ˈplɑːdɪŋ］adj. 无聊的，单调乏味的：characterized by

dullness and monotony; lacking variety or excitement

abiding ［əˈbaɪdɪŋ］vt. 持久的：lasting for a long time; enduring

demanding ［dɪˈmændɪŋ］adj. 难取悦的，难满足的：not easily satisfied

or pleased

adj. 费时间花心思的：requiring much time, effort, or careful attention

condescending ［ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ］adj. 摆出高人一等的姿态

的：displaying a patronizingly superior attitude

impending ［ɪmˈpendɪŋ］adj. 即将发生的：being soon to appear or take

place

heartrending ［ˈhɑːrtˌrendɪŋ］adj. 令人心碎的：causing intense sorrow

or distress

astounding ［əˈstaʊndɪŋ］adj. 令人吃惊的，出乎意料的：causing

astonishment or amazement

unflagging ［ˌʌnˈflægɪŋ］adj. 不懈的，不知疲倦的：not declining in

strength or vigor

obliging ［əˈblaɪʤɪŋ］adj. 乐于助人的：willing to do favors

bewitching ［bɪˈwɪtʃɪŋ］adj. 迷人的，令人着迷的：having an often

mysterious or magical power to attract
dashing ［ˈdæʃɪŋ］adj. 爱好冒险的，大胆的：inclined or willing to take
risks

refreshing ［rɪˈfreʃɪŋ］adj. 令人身心振奋的，提神的：having a

renewing effect on the state of the body or mind

scathing ［ˈskeɪðɪŋ］adj. 尖酸刻薄的：marked by the use of wit that is

intended to cause hurt feelings

painstaking ［ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ］adj. 煞费苦心的：taking pains: expending,

showing, or involving diligent care and effort

appealing ［əˈpiːlɪŋ］adj. 吸引人的：attractive, inviting

cling ［klɪŋ］vi. 紧贴；支持：to adhere as if glued firmly

 List 14

piddling ［ˈpɪdlɪŋ］adj. 微不足道的：so trifling or trivial as to be beneath

one's consideration

grueling ［ˈgruːəlɪŋ］adj. 费时间花心思的：requiring much time, effort,

or careful attention

trifling ［ˈtraɪflɪŋ］adj. 细微的，不重要的：lacking in significance or

solid worth

fledgling ［ˈfleʤlɪŋ］n. 新手：a person who is just starting out in a field

of activity

smuggling ［ˈsmʌglɪŋ］n. 走私，私运：secret importation or exportation

contrary to the law and especially without paying duties imposed by law

unavailing ［ˌʌnəˈveɪlɪŋ］adj. 徒劳的，无果的：producing no results

inkling ［ˈɪŋklɪŋ］n. 轻微暗示，小提示：a slight indication or

suggestion

compelling ［kəmˈpelɪŋ］adj. 极具说服力的：having the power to

persuade
telling ［ˈtelɪŋ］adj. 有效的，显著的：effective expressive

sterling ［ˈstɜːrlɪŋ］adj. 优秀的：of the very best kind

sling ［slɪŋ］vt. 投掷：to send through the air especially with a quick
forward motion of the arm

dazzling ［ˈdæzlɪŋ］adj. 炫目的，耀眼的：giving off or reflecting much

light

teeming ［ˈtiːmɪŋ］adj. 大量的：possessing or covered with great

numbers or amounts of something specified

overweening ［ˌoʊvərˈwiːnɪŋ］adj. 傲慢的，专横的：having a feeling of

superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude

cunning ［ˈkʌnɪŋ］adj. 狡猾的：marked by or given to artful subtlety and

deceptiveness

overbearing ［ˌoʊvərˈberɪŋ］adj. 专横傲慢的：domineering in manner;

arrogant

sparing ［ˈsperɪŋ］adj. 节俭的，节约的：marked by or practicing careful

restraint （as in the use of resources）

sweltering ［ˈsweltərɪŋ］adj. 酷热的：oppressively hot

smattering ［ˈsmætərɪŋ］n. 少量：a small scattered number or amount

jarring ［ˈʤɑːrɪŋ］adj. 刺耳的：harsh or discordant

hamstring ［ˈhæmstrɪŋ］vt. 使无效，使无力：to make ineffective or

powerless

imposing ［ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ］adj. 宏伟壮丽的：impressive in size, bearing,

dignity, or grandeur

prepossessing ［ˌpriːpəˈzesɪŋ］adj. 给人好感的，有魅力的：serving to

impress favorably

self-defeating ［ˌselfdɪˈfiːtɪŋ］adj. 适得其反的，自我拆台的：causing

more problems than it solves

ingratiating ［ɪnˈgreɪʃieɪtɪŋ］adj. 讨人喜欢的：capable of winning favor

adj. 逢迎的，意在奉承的：intended or adopted in order to gain favor

self-perpetuating ［ˌselfpərˈpetʃueɪtɪŋ］adj. 自续的，能使自身永久存在

的：continuing or prevailing without any external intervention

exacting ［ɪgˈzæktɪŋ］adj. 严格的，苛求的：making severe demands;

rigorous

adj. 费时间的，花心思的：requiring much time, effort, or careful attention

fleeting ［ˈfliːtɪŋ］adj. 稍纵即逝的，短暂的：lasting only for a short
time; passing swiftly

riveting ［ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ］adj. 吸引人的，极迷人的：wholly absorbing or

engrossing one's attention

wanting ［ˈwɑːntɪŋ］adj. 未出现的，缺少的：not present or in evidence

adj. 未达到要求的：not being up to standards or expectations

everlasting ［ˌevərˈlæstɪŋ］adj. 永恒的，持久的：lasting forever; eternal

arresting ［əˈrestɪŋ］adj. 吸引人的：attracting and holding the attention;

striking

earsplitting ［ɪrˈsplɪtɪŋ］adj. 震耳欲聋的：distressingly loud or shrill

unremitting ［ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ］adj. 连续不断的：going on and on without

any interruptions

unwitting ［ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ］adj. 不知道的，未觉察的：not knowing, unaware

misbehaving ［ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪvɪŋ］adj. 调皮的，行为不端的：engaging in

or marked by childish misbehavior

misgiving ［ˌmɪsˈgɪvɪŋ］n. 担忧，疑虑：a feeling of doubt or suspicion

especially concerning a future event
taxing ［ˈtæksɪŋ］adj. 繁重的，费力的：requiring much time, effort, or
careful attention

cloying ［ˈklɔɪɪŋ］adj. 甜得发腻的；感情用事的：excessively sweet;

sentimental

headlong ［ˈhedlɔːŋ］adj. 鲁莽的，草率的：without deliberation

prolong ［prəˈlɔːŋ］vt. 延长，拖延：to lengthen in extent, scope, or range

throng ［θrɔːŋ］v./n. 大量聚集：to crowd together in great numbers

unsung ［ˌʌnˈsʌŋ］adj. 被埋没的；不知名的：not celebrated or praised

（as in song or verse）

hangdog ［ˈhæŋdɔːg］adj. 伤心的，沮丧的：sad, dejected

agog ［əˈgɑːg］adj. 极度感兴趣的：showing urgent desire or interest

jog ［ʤɑːg］vt. 唤起：to rouse or stimulate

clog ［klɑːg］n. 阻碍物：something that makes movement or progress

difficult

v. 阻碍：to create difficulty for the work or activity of

humbug ［ˈhʌmbʌg］n. 骗子：a willfully false, deceptive, or insincere

person

lug ［lʌg］vt. 费力搬运：to carry laboriously

smug ［smʌg］adj. 自大的，自鸣得意的：having too high an opinion of

oneself

shrug ［ʃrʌg］vt. 轻视，忽略：to dismiss as of little importance

pariah ［pəˈraɪə］n. 被排斥或鄙视的人：one that is despised or rejected,

outcast

breach ［briːtʃ］v. 违背：to fail to keep

preach ［priːtʃ］vi. 传道，布道：to deliver a sermon

stomach ［ˈstʌmək］vt. 容忍：to bear without overt reaction or resentment

poach ［poʊtʃ］vt. 水煮：to cook in a liquid heated to the point that it

gives off steam

broach ［broʊtʃ］vt. 提出讨论：to present or bring forward for discussion

reproach ［rɪˈproʊtʃ］n. 令人羞愧的事物，耻辱：one that causes shame,

rebuke or blame

detach ［dɪˈtætʃ］vt. 使分离：to separate or unfasten; disconnect

beseech ［bɪˈsiːtʃ］vt. （急切地）恳求：to beg for urgently or anxiously

squelch ［skweltʃ］vt. 压制，镇压（运动）：to put a stop to

（something） by the use of force

drench ［drentʃ］vt. 使湿透，浸透：to wet thoroughly

retrench ［rɪˈtrentʃ］vi. 削减开支：to curtail expenses

stench ［stentʃ］n. 臭气，恶臭：a strong, foul odor

quench ［kwentʃ］vt. 熄灭：to put out （a fire, for example）; extinguish

vt. 使满足：to put a complete end to （a physical need or desire）

inch ［ɪntʃ］v. （使）慢慢移动：to move or cause to move slowly or by

small degrees

flinch ［flɪntʃ］vi. 畏缩；退缩：to draw back in fear, pain, or disgust

staunch ［stɔːntʃ］adj. 忠诚的，坚定的：steadfast in loyalty or principle

monarch ［ˈmɑːnərk］n. 君主，帝王：one who rules over a people with a

sole, supreme, and usually hereditary authority

parch ［pɑːrtʃ］v. 炽，烤；烤干：to make extremely dry, especially by

exposure to heat
besmirch ［bɪˈsmɜːrtʃ］vt. 诽谤，玷污：to detract from the honor or
luster of

scorch ［skɔːrtʃ］v. 炙烤，烘干：to burn on the surface; to make dry

lurch ［lɜːrtʃ］vi. 蹒跚：to move forward while swaying from side to side

dispatch ［dɪˈspætʃ］n. 迅速：promptness and efficiency in performance

or transmission

vt. 发送，派遣：to cause to go or be taken from one place to another

etch ［etʃ］v. 留下深刻印象，铭记：to produce a vivid impression of

glitch ［glɪtʃ］n. 小故障：a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical

problem

stitch ［stɪtʃ］n. 突然剧痛：a sharp unpleasant sensation usually felt in

some specific part of the body

scotch ［skɑːtʃ］vt. 停止：to put an abrupt end to

notch ［nɑːtʃ］vt. 通过努力获得：to obtain （as a goal） through effort

crutch ［krʌtʃ］n./v. 支撑，支柱：something that supports or sustains

slouch ［slaʊtʃ］vi. 缓慢行走：to go or move slowly or reluctantly

retouch ［ˌriːˈtʌtʃ］v. 润饰，改进：to improve or change （a
photographic negative or print）

vouch ［vaʊtʃ］v. 担保，声称为真：to declare（something） to be true

or genuine; to give a guarantee

inveigh ［ɪnˈveɪ］vi. 激烈抗议，表示强烈不满：to protest or complain

bitterly or vehemently

bash ［bæʃ］vt. 抨击，严厉批评：to criticize harshly and usually publicly

abash ［əˈbæʃ］vt. 使尴尬，使羞愧：to destroy the self-possession or

self-confidence of, disconcert, embarrass

slapdash ［ˈslæpdæʃ］adj. 马虎的：to do things carelessly without much

thinking or planning

balderdash ［ˈbɔːldərdæʃ］n. 胡言乱语，废话，无意义的话：words or

language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas; nonsense

rehash ［ˈriːhæʃ］v. 重复，老调重弹：to present （something） again in

a slightly different form

lash ［læʃ］v. 猛击，撞击：to strike against with force or violence

mash ［mæʃ］vt. 捣碎：to cause to become a pulpy mass

rash ［ræʃ］adj. 草率的，仓促的：marked by or proceeding from undue
haste or lack of deliberation or caution

brash ［bræʃ］adj. 愚勇的，鲁莽的：foolishly adventurous or bold

quash ［kwɔːʃ］vt. 镇压，阻止：to put a stop to（something） by the use

of force

awash ［əˈwɔːʃ］adj. （如洪水般）泛滥的：filled, covered, or

completely overrun as if by a flood

mesh ［meʃ］v. 诱捕：to catch or hold as if in a net

snobbish ［ˈsnɑːbɪʃ］adj. 谄上傲下的，自大的：being or characteristic

of a person who has an offensive air of superiority and tends to ignore or
disdain anyone regarded as inferior

outlandish ［aʊtˈlændɪʃ］adj. 古怪的，奇异的：strikingly out of the

ordinary; bizarre

brandish ［ˈbrændɪʃ］vt. （带有威胁性地）挥舞：to shake or wave （as

a weapon） menacingly

prudish ［ˈpruːdɪʃ］adj. 过分守礼的：marked by prudery

 List 15

raffish ［ˈræfɪʃ］adj. 低俗的：marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity

or crudeness

offish ［ˈɔːfɪʃ］adj. 冷淡的：inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof

sluggish ［ˈslʌgɪʃ］adj. 缓慢的，迟缓的：markedly slow in movement,

flow, or growth

rakish ［ˈreɪkɪʃ］adj. 放荡的，行为不检点的：having or showing

lowered moral character or standards; dissolute

puckish ［ˈpʌkɪʃ］adj. 淘气的，顽皮的：mischievous; impish

mawkish ［ˈmɔːkɪʃ］adj. 过度伤感的：excessively and objectionably

sentimental

relish ［ˈrelɪʃ］n. 喜好，偏好：an appetite for something; a strong

appreciation or liking

vt. 享受，喜欢：to take keen or zestful pleasure in

ticklish ［ˈtɪklɪʃ］adj. 易怒的：easily offended or upset; touchy

adj. 棘手的，对技巧要求高的：requiring exceptional skill or caution in
performance or handling

churlish ［ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ］adj. 粗鲁无礼的：having or showing crudely

insensitive or impolite manners

mulish ［ˈmjuːlɪʃ］adj. 固执的：un reasonably and inflexibly obstinate

squeamish ［ˈskwiːmɪʃ］adj. 恶心的，晕船的：affected with nausea

blemish ［ˈblemɪʃ］n. 缺点，污点：a noticeable imperfection

vt. 损害，玷污：to reduce the soundness, effectiveness, or perfection of

banish ［ˈbænɪʃ］vt. 驱逐出境：to require by authority to leave a country

vt. 赶出：to drive or force out

replenish ［rɪˈplenɪʃ］vt. 补充：to fill or make complete again; add a new

stock or supply to

diminish ［dɪˈmɪnɪʃ］v. （使）变小, （使）减少：to （cause to）

become smaller or less

v. 轻视，贬低：to lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of: belittle

admonish ［ədˈmɑːnɪʃ］v. 建议：to give advice to

v. 责备：to reprove gently but earnestly

tarnish ［ˈtɑːrnɪʃ］vt. 玷污：to affect slightly with something morally bad
or undesirable

varnish ［ˈvɑːrnɪʃ］vt. 粉饰（令人不悦的东西）：to cover or

conceal（as something unpleasant） with something that gives an attractive
appearance

burnish ［ˈbɜːrnɪʃ］v. 擦亮，磨光：to make smooth or glossy usually by

repeatedly applying surface pressure

clownish ［ˈklaʊnɪʃ］adj. 滑稽可笑的：acting in a silly or funny way

garish ［ˈgerɪʃ］adj. 过于鲜艳的，过于张扬的：marked by strident color

or excessive ornamentation

perish ［ˈperɪʃ］vi. 死亡，消亡：to become destroyed or ruined: cease to

exist

boorish ［ˈbʊrɪʃ］adj. 粗鲁无礼的：having or showing crudely insensitive

or impolite manners

flourish ［ˈflɜːrɪʃ］vi. 茂盛；繁荣：to grow luxuriantly; to achieve

success

nourish ［ˈnɜːrɪʃ］vt. 培养，促进：to help the growth or development of

coltish ［ˈkoʊltɪʃ］adj. 爱开玩笑的：given to good-natured joking or

teasing

skittish ［ˈskɪtɪʃ］adj. 容易受到惊吓的，胆小的：easily frightened

adj. 善变的，多变的：likely to change frequently, suddenly, or unexpectedly

loutish ［ˈlaʊtɪʃ］adj. 粗鲁的：having the characteristics of a lout;

awkward, stupid, and boorish

languish ［ˈlæŋgwɪʃ］vi. 变得衰弱：to be or become feeble, weak, or

enervated

extinguish ［ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃ］vt. 熄灭：to put out （a fire,for example）;

quench

cliquish ［ˈkliːkɪʃ］adj. 小集团的：bound together by feelings of very

close association

vanquish ［ˈvæŋkwɪʃ］vt. 打败，征服：to defeat in a conflict or contest

relinquish ［rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ］vt. 放弃（职位、权力等）：to give up （as a

position of authority） formally

lavish ［ˈlævɪʃ］adj. 奢侈的，大量的，无节制的：characterized by or

produced with extravagance and profusion

vt. 挥霍，浪费：to give readily and in large quantities; to use up carelessly

ravish ［ˈrævɪʃ］vt. 使陶醉，使沉迷：to overcome with emotion （as
wonder or delight）

dovish ［ˈdʌvɪʃ］adj. 鸽派的，爱好和平的：inclined to live in peace and

to avoid war

harsh ［hɑːrʃ］adj. 严厉的：unduly exacting, given to exacting standards

of discipline and self-restraint

gush ［gʌʃ］v. （使）感情强烈外溢：to make an exaggerated display of

affection or enthusiasm

lush ［lʌʃ］adj. 多产的：producing abundantly

flush ［flʌʃ］adj. 大量的：marked by abundance

vi. 冲洗：to pour liquid over or through in order to cleanse

plush ［plʌʃ］adj. 奢华的，豪华的：notably luxurious

polymath ［ˈpɑːlimæθ］n. 学识渊博的人，博学者：a person of

encyclopedic learning

loath ［loʊθ］adj. 不情愿的，讨厌的：unwilling or reluctant; disinclined

zenith ［ˈzenɪθ］n. 最高点，巅峰：culminating point

stealth ［stelθ］adj. 秘密的：intended not to attract attention

labyrinthine ［ˌlæbəˈrɪnθaɪn］adj. 迷宫似的，复杂曲折的：of, relating

to, resembling, or constituting a labyrinth; extremely complex or tortuous in
structure

sloth ［sloʊθ］n. 怠惰，懒惰：disinclination to action or labor: indolence

dearth ［dɜːrθ］n. 供应不足：an inadequate supply

mirth ［mɜːrθ］n. 欢乐，欢笑：gladness or gaiety as shown by or

accompanied with laughter

uncouth ［ʌnˈkuːθ］adj. 粗俗的，没有品位的：lacking in refinement or

good taste

outgrowth ［ˈaʊtgroʊθ］n. 结果，后果：a condition or occurrence

traceable to a cause

alibi ［ˈæləbaɪ］n. 不在场的证明；托辞，借口：an excuse usually

intended to avert blame or punishment （as for failure or negligence）

illuminati ［ɪˌluːmiːˈnɑːtiː］n. 智者：persons who claim to be unusually

enlightened

ennui ［ɑːnˈwiː］n. 倦怠；缺乏兴趣：listlessness and dissatisfaction

resulting from lack of interest
cloak ［kloʊk］vt. 遮掩，隐藏：to change the dress or looks of so as to
conceal true identity

soak ［soʊk］vt. 使…湿透：to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as

if by placing in liquid

hack ［hæk］n. 雇佣文人：a writer who aims solely for commercial

success

v. 乱砍；开辟：to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows

slack ［slæk］adj. 松弛的：not tightly fastened, tied, or stretched

adj. 疏忽的，大意的：failing to give proper care and attention

knack ［næk］n. 诀窍，聪明的做法：a clever trick or stratagem; a clever

way of doing something

quack ［kwæk］n. 骗子医生，江湖郎中：a pretender to medical skill

bedeck ［bɪˈdek］vt. 装饰，点缀：to make more attractive by adding

something that is beautiful or be coming

check ［tʃek］vt. 使突然停止，阻止：to arrest the motion abruptly

v. 同意，一致：to be in agreement on every point

peck ［pek］n. 大量：a considerable amount

v. （不情愿地）小口咬：to eat reluctantly and in small bites

speck ［spek］n. 小点，少量：a very small amount: bit

nitpick ［ˈnɪtpɪk］v. 吹毛求疵：to criticize by nit-picking

goldbrick ［ˈgoʊldbrɪk］v. 逃避工作和责任：to shirk one's assigned

duties or responsibilities

maverick ［ˈmævərɪk］n. 特立独行之人：a person who does not conform

to generally accepted standards or customs

adj. 标新立异的，不合常规的：deviating from commonly accepted beliefs

or practices

deadlock ［ˈdedlɑːk］n. 僵局：a state of inaction or neutralization

resulting from the opposition of equally powerful uncompromising persons or
factions

vt. 使陷入僵局，使停顿：to bring or come to a deadlock

flock ［flɑːk］vi. 聚集，集体行动：to congregate or travel in a flock or

crowd

interlock ［ˌɪntərˈlɑːk］vi. 连锁，连结：to become united or joined

closely, as by hooking or dovetailing

stock ［stɑːk］adj. 普通的，常备的：commonly used or brought forward

buck ［bʌk］v. 阻止，反对：to refuse assent, to refuse to give in to

pluck ［plʌk］n. 敢于面对困难的勇气：resourceful courage and daring

in the face of difficulties

sleek ［sliːk］adj. 时髦的，优美的：stylish and attractive

meek ［miːk］adj. 顺从的：easily imposed on; submissive

balk ［bɔːk］vt. 阻碍：to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle

v. 不愿接受，拒绝：to show unwillingness to accept, do, engage in, or agree

to

milk ［mɪlk］vt. 榨取（财富、信息等）：to draw or coerce profit or

advantage from illicitly or to an extreme degree

sulk ［sʌlk］vi. 生气，愠怒：to be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in

silent resentment or protest

dank ［dæŋk］adj. 阴湿的：slightly or moderately wet

lank ［læŋk］adj. 细长瘦弱的：long and lean

adj. 不僵硬的，柔软松弛的：long, straight, and limp; not stiff in structure

shrink ［ʃrɪŋk］vi. （在数量或价值方面）降低，减小：to become

reduced in amount or value: dwindle
hoodwink ［ˈhʊdwɪŋk］vt. 欺骗：to take in by deceptive means; deceive

debunk ［ˌdiːˈbʌŋk］vt. 揭穿…的真面目：to reveal the true nature of

brook ［brʊk］vt. 忍受，容许：to stand for, tolerate

crook ［krʊk］vt. 使弯曲：to cause to turn away from a straight line

debark ［diˈbɑːrk］v. （使）下船（飞机、车等）；卸（客、货）：to

unload, as from a ship or an airplane; disembark

embark ［ɪmˈbɑːrk］vi. 开始从事：to make a start

hallmark ［ˈhɔːlmɑːrk］n. 典型的特征：a conspicuous feature or

characteristic

irk ［ɜːrk］vt. 使烦恼，使厌倦：to cause to be irritating, wearisome, or

vexing to

shirk ［ʃɜːrk］v. 逃避，规避：to get or keep away from （as a

responsibility） through cleverness or trickery

smirk ［smɜːrk］vi. （自鸣得意地）笑：to smile in an affected, often

offensively self-satisfied manner

patchwork ［ˈpætʃwɜːrk］n./adj. 混合物（的）：an unorganized

collection or mixture of various things

lurk ［lɜːrk］vi. 潜伏：to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially

for an evil purpose

brisk ［brɪsk］adj. 充满生机的，有活力的：marked by much life,

movement, or activity

husk ［hʌsk］vt. 剥去：to remove the natural covering of

methodical ［məˈθɑːdɪkl］adj. 井然有序的，有条理的：arranged or

proceeding in regular, systematic order

periodical ［ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkl］adj. 周期性的，有固定间隔的：occurring or

recurring at regular intervals

pedagogical ［ˌpedəˈgɑːʤɪkl］adj. 教学的；教师的：of, relating to, or

befitting a teacher or education

pathological ［ˌpæθəˈlɑːʤɪkl］adj. 不正常的，病态的：being such to a

degree that is extreme, excessive, or markedly abnorma

hierarchical ［ˌhaɪəˈrɑːrkɪkl］adj. 分等级的，等级制的：classified

according to various criteria into successive levels or layersl
 List 16

inimical ［ɪˈnɪmɪkl］adj. 带有敌意的：reflecting or indicating hostility

ecumenical ［ˌiːkjuːˈmenɪkl］adj. 世界范围的，普遍性的：worldwide

or general in extent, influence, or application

empirical ［ɪmˈpɪrɪkl］adj. 基于观察、实验的：based on observation or

experiment

categorical ［ˌkætəˈgɔːrɪkl］adj. 没有例外的;绝对的：being without

exception or qualification; absolute

rhetorical ［rɪˈtɔːrɪkl］adj. 言辞华丽（却往往无内涵）的：full of fine

words and fancy expressions but mostly meaningless words and phrases

theatrical ［θiˈætrɪkl］adj. 做作的，夸张的，矫揉造作的：marked by

exaggerated self-display and unnatural behavior

asymmetrical ［ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪkl］adj. 不平衡的，不对称的：having no

balance or symmetry

whimsical ［ˈwɪmzɪkl］adj. 反复无常的：prone to sudden illogical

changes of mind, ideas, or actions
commonsensical ［ˌkɑːmənˈsensɪkl］adj. 符合常识的，有依据
的：displaying common sense, based on sound reasoning or information

metaphysical ［ˌmetəˈfɪzɪkl］adj. 哲学上的，理论上的：dealing with or

expressing a quality or idea

adj. 非尘世的：of, relating to, or being part of a reality beyond the

observable physical universe

antithetical ［ˌæntɪˈθetɪkl］adj. 完全对立的，相反的：being in direct

and unequivocal opposition

heretical ［həˈretɪkl］adj. 异教的，异端邪说的：departure from

established beliefs or standards

hypocritical ［ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkl］adj. 虚伪的：not being or expressing what

one appears to be or express

elliptical ［ɪˈlɪptɪkl］adj. 含糊不清的：of or relating to deliberate

obscurity （as of literary or conversational style）

adj. 椭圆的：of, relating to, or shaped like an ellipse

nautical ［ˈnɔːtɪkl］adj. 航海的：of, relating to, or characteristic of ships,

shipping, sailors, or navigation on a body of water

univocal ［ˌjuːnɪˈvoʊkl］adj. 含义明确的：so clearly expressed as to

leave no doubt about the meaning
soft-pedal ［sɔːftˈpedl］v. 降低…的力度：to reduce in apparent
importance

conceal ［kənˈsiːl］v. 隐藏，隐瞒：to prevent disclosure or recognition of

ordeal ［ɔːrˈdiːl］n. 严峻的考验：a severe trial or experience

congeal ［kənˈʤiːl］v. 凝固，固化：to change from a fluid to a solid state

by or as if by cold

repeal ［rɪˈpiːl］vt. 撤销，废除（法律等）：to rescind or annul by

authoritative act

appeal ［əˈpiːl］n. 申请：an application （as to a recognized authority）

for corroboration, vindication, or decision

n. 起诉：to charge with a crime: accuse

ethereal ［iˈθɪriəl］adj. 轻巧精致的：resembling air in lightness, highly

refined; delicate

adj. 非物质的，精神（上）的：not of this world; spiritual; not composed of

matter

corporeal ［kɔːrˈpɔːriəl］adj. 肉体的：not spiritual

adj. 有形的，实体的：not immaterial or intangible

zeal ［ziːl］n. 热心，热诚：enthusiastic devotion to a cause, ideal, or goal
and tireless diligence in its furtherance

prodigal ［ˈprɑːdɪgl］adj. 挥霍的：recklessly spendthrift

n. 败家子：someone who spends money freely or foolishly

frugal ［ˈfruːgl］adj. 节约的：characterized by or reflecting economy in

the use of resources

apocryphal ［əˈpɑːkrɪfl］adj. 假的：of doubtful authenticity: spurious

lethal ［ˈliːθl］adj. 非常有害的，致命的：extremely harmful;

devastating

glacial ［ˈgleɪsiəl］adj. 极冷的：extremely cold

adj. 冷漠的，无感情的：devoid of warmth and cordiality

superficial ［ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃl］adj. 表面的，肤浅的：lacking in depth,

solidity, and comprehensiveness

provincial ［prəˈvɪnʃl］adj./n. 狭隘（的）：limited in perspective;

narrow and self-centered

crucial ［ˈkruːʃl］adj. 非常重要的，决定性的：extremely significant or

important
cordial ［ˈkɔːrʤəl］adj. 热情的，友好的：showing a natural kindness
and courtesy especially in social situations

adj. 令人振奋的，令人焕然一新的：having a renewing effect on the state

of the body or mind

primordial ［praɪˈmɔːrdiəl］adj. 原始的，最初的：being or happening

first in sequence of time

parochial ［pəˈroʊkiəl］adj. 狭隘的：not broad or open in views or

opinions

genial ［ˈʤiːniəl］adj. 和蔼亲切的：having an easygoing and pleasing

manner especially in social situations

congenial ［kənˈʤiːniəl］adj. 和善的，友好的：having or marked by

agreement in feeling or action

menial ［ˈmiːniəl］adj. 卑贱的，低下的：showing, expressing, or offered

in a spirit of humility or unseemly submissiveness

venial ［ˈviːniəl］adj. 可宽恕的：easily excused or forgiven

imperial ［ɪmˈpɪriəl］adj. 巨大的，令人惊叹的：large and impressive in

size, grandeur, extent, or conception

immaterial ［ˌɪməˈtɪriəl］adj. 无关的，不重要的：of no importance or

relevance
immemorial ［ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl］adj. 古老的：dating or surviving from the
distant past

sartorial ［sɑːrˈtɔːriəl］adj. 裁缝匠的，裁缝的：of or relating to a tailor

or tailored clothes

mercurial ［mɜːrˈkjʊriəl］adj. （情绪）善变的：characterized by rapid

and unpredictable changeableness of mood

ambrosial ［æmˈbroʊziəl］adj. （食物）特别美味的；香的：something

extremely pleasing to taste or smell

palatial ［pəˈleɪʃl］adj. 宫殿般奢华的：of the nature of a palace, as in

spaciousness or ornateness

substantial ［səbˈstænʃl］adj. 物质的：of, relating to, or having substance

adj. 有重大意义的：considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or

extent

providential ［ˌprɑːvɪˈdenʃl］adj. 天意的，幸运（的）：happening as if

through divine intervention

torrential ［təˈrenʃl］adj. 急流的：caused by or resulting from action of

rapidstreams

inconsequential ［ɪnˌkɑːnsɪˈkwenʃl］adj. 不重要的：of no significance

partial ［ˈpɑːrʃl］adj. 偏袒的，偏爱的：inclined to favor one party more
than the other: biased

adj. 部分的，不完整的：lacking somenecessary part

trivial ［ˈtrɪviəl］adj. 无足轻重的，不重要的：of little worth or

importance

jovial ［ˈʤoʊviəl］adj. 愉快的：markedly good-humored especially as

evidenced by jollity and conviviality

abysmal ［əˈbɪzməl］adj. （程度）很深的；极端的：immeasurably

great

cataclysmal ［kætəːˈklɪzəməl］adj. 灾难性的：bringing about ruin or

misfortune

banal ［bəˈnɑːl］adj. 非原创的，陈腐的：lacking originality, freshness,

or novelty; trite

phenomenal ［fəˈnɑːmɪnl］adj. 不寻常的，非凡的：being out of the

ordinary; extraordinary; outstanding

venal ［ˈviːnl］adj. 贪污受贿的：open to corrupt influence and especially

bribery

signal ［ˈsɪgnəl］adj. （在重要性、成就方面）非同寻常 的：standing

above others in rank, importance, or achievement
v. 给出信号：to direct or notify by a movement or gesture

cardinal ［ˈkɑːrdinl］adj. 主要的，非常重要的：of foremost importance;

paramount

original ［əˈrɪʤənl］adj. 创新的：independent and creative in thought or

action: inventive

adj. 最初的，最早的：coming before all others in time or order

marginal ［ˈmɑːrʤɪnl］adj. 不重要的：not of central importance

seminal ［ˈsemɪnl］adj. 创新的：of, relating to, or having the power to

originate; creative

subliminal ［ˌsʌbˈlɪmɪnl］adj. 下意识的，潜在意识的：below the

threshold of conscious perception

nominal ［ˈnɑːmɪnl］adj. 不重要的：so small or unimportant as to

warrant little or no attention

provisional ［prəˈvɪʒənl］adj. 临时的：provided or serving only for the

time being; temporary

rational ［ˈræʃnəl］adj. 合乎逻辑的：consistent with or based on reason;

logical

adj. 理性的：based on sound reasoning or information

conditional ［kənˈdɪʃənl］adj. 有条件的，受制约的：subject to,
implying, or dependent upon a condition

exceptional ［ɪkˈsepʃənl］adj. 例外的，特别的，非凡的：being an

exception; uncommon; extraordinary

carnal ［ˈkɑːrnl］adj. 肉体的，物质的：relating to the physical

adj. 世俗的：worldly

eternal ［ɪˈtɜːrnl］adj. 永恒的：having infinite duration; everlasting;

perpetual

diurnal ［daɪˈɜːrnl］adj. 白天发生或行动的：occurring or active during

the daytime rather than at night

nocturnal ［nɑːkˈtɜːrnl］adj. 夜间的：of, relating to, or occurring in the

night

shoal ［ʃoʊl］adj. 浅的：having little depth: shallow

liberal ［ˈlɪbərəl］adj. 思想前卫的：not bound by traditional ways or

beliefs

adj. 慷慨的，大方的：marked by generosity

principal ［ˈprɪnsəpl］adj. 主要的，重要的：first, highest, or foremost in

importance, rank, worth, or degree
feral ［ˈferəl］adj. 野生的：not domesticated or cultivated

peripheral ［pəˈrɪfərəl］adj. 辅助性的：available to supply something

extra when needed

ephemeral ［ɪˈfemərəl］adj. 短暂的：lasting a very short time

integral ［ˈɪntɪgrəl］adj. 完整的：not lacking any part or member that

properly belongs to it

sepulchral ［səˈpʌlkrəl］adj. 阴沉的；丧葬的：causing or marked by an

atmosphere lacking in cheer; funereal

temporal ［ˈtempərəl］adj. 世俗的，尘世的：of or relating to earthly life

preternatural ［ˌpriːtərˈnætʃrəl］adj. 超乎寻常的：surpassing the normal

or usual

rehearsal ［rɪˈhɜːrsl］n. 排练，彩排：the act of practicing in preparation

for a public performance

colossal ［kəˈlɑːsl］adj. 巨大的：of a size, extent, or degree that elicits

awe or taxes belief; immense

accidental ［ˌæksɪˈdentl］adj. 意外发生的，偶然的：occurring

unexpectedly or by chance
pivotal ［ˈpɪvətl］adj. 最关键的，最为重要的：of the greatest possible
importance

distal ［ˈdɪstl］adj. 远离中心的,（神经）末梢的：situated away from

the point of attachment or origin or a central point

residual ［rɪˈzɪʤuəl］adj. 剩余的，残存的：of, relating to, or

characteristic of a residue

perpetual ［pərˈpetʃuəl］adj. 永恒的，不断的：continuing forever:

everlasting

coeval ［koʊˈiːvl］adj. 同时代的，同龄的：of the same or equal age,

antiquity, or duration

avowal ［əˈvaʊəl］n. 承认，公开宣布：a solemn and often public

declaration of the truth or existence of something

peel ［piːl］vi. 脱去（衣服等）：to take off one's clothes

reel ［riːl］vi. 感到眩晕：to be in a confused state as if from being twirled

around

genteel ［ʤenˈtiːl］adj. 有教养的，不粗俗的：free from vulgarity or

rudeness

yokel ［ˈjoʊkl］n. 乡下人，天真纯朴的人：a naive or gullible inhabitant

of a rural area or small town

enamel ［ɪˈnæml］vt. 装饰：to adorn with a brightly colored surface

channel ［ˈtʃænl］vt. 将…导向，投入：to cause to move to a central

point or along a restricted pathway

repel ［rɪˈpel］vt. 使厌恶：to cause aversion in: disgust

 List 17

mongrel ［ˈmʌŋgrəl］adj. 杂种的，混血儿的：of mixed origin or

character

wastrel ［ˈweɪstrəl］n. 肆意挥霍的人，败家子：one who expends

resources foolishly and self-indulgently

sequel ［ˈsiːkwəl］n. 结果：a result or consequence

ravel ［ˈrævl］vt. 解开，松开：to separate the various strands of

vt. 阐明：to clarify by separating the aspects of

vt. 使纠缠，使复杂化：to tangle or complicate

revel ［ˈrevl］v. 享乐，陶醉：to take intense pleasure or satisfaction

drivel ［ˈdrɪvl］n. 胡言乱语：unintelligible or meaningless talk

v. 胡言乱语，说傻话：to talk stupidly and carelessly

novel ［ˈnɑːvl］adj. 新奇的：strikingly new, unusual, or different

grovel ［ˈgrɑːvl］vi. 卑躬屈膝：to draw back or crouch down in fearful

submission
marvel ［ˈmɑːrvl］n. 令人惊奇的事物：one that evokes surprise,
admiration, or wonder

v. （因为壮观、美丽等而）表示惊讶：to feel amazement or bewilderment

at or about

blackmail ［ˈblækmeɪl］n./vt. 敲诈，勒索：extortion of money or

something else of value from a person by the threat of exposing a criminal act
or discreditable information

rail ［reɪl］vi. 怒骂，猛烈抨击：to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or

abusive language

frail ［freɪl］adj. 虚弱的：physically weak

adj. （意志）薄弱的：easily led astray; morally weak

assail ［əˈseɪl］vt. 抨击，严厉批评：to criticize harshly and usually

publicly

entail ［ɪnˈteɪl］v. 牵连；导致：ɪf one thing entails another, it involves it

or causes it.

curtail ［kɜːrˈteɪl］vt. 缩短，削减：to make less in extent or duration

quail ［kweɪl］vi. 胆怯，畏缩：to shrink back in fear; cower

travail ［ˈtræveɪl］n./v. 辛苦劳动：work, especially when arduous or

involving painful effort

countervail ［ˈkaʊntərveɪl］vt. 抗衡，抵消：to exert force against;

counteract

nil ［nɪl］n. 不存在，零：nothing; zero

recoil ［ˈriːkɔɪl］vi. 退却，畏缩：to shrink back, as under pressure or in

fear or repugnance

foil ［fɔɪl］vt. 挫败：to prevent from being successful; defeat

turmoil ［ˈtɜːrmɔɪl］n. 骚动，混乱：a state or condition of extreme

confusion, agitation, or commotion

roil ［rɔɪl］vt. 激怒：to displease or disturb

cavil ［ˈkævl］v. 挑剔，吹毛求疵：to find fault unnecessarily; raise

trivial objections: quibble

daredevil ［ˈderdevl］adj./n. 大胆鲁莽的（人）：foolishly adventurous

or bold

windfall ［ˈwɪndfɔːl］n. 好运，幸事：an unexpected, unearned, or

sudden gain or advantage

pitfall ［ˈpɪtfɔːl］n. 陷阱：a pit flimsily covered or camouflaged and used

to capture and hold animals or men

gall ［gɔːl］vt. （使）焦躁，激怒：irritate, vex

pall ［pɔːl］vi. 失去兴趣：to lose in interest or attraction

appall ［əˈpɔːl］vt. 使惊恐：to overcome with consternation, shock, or

dismay

enthrall ［ɪnˈθrɔːl］vt. （像用魔咒般）吸引：to hold the attention of as

if by a spell

forestall ［fɔːrˈstɔːl］vt. 预先阻止：to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking

precautionary measures beforehand

squall ［skwɔːl］v. 尖叫：to scream or cry loudly and harshly

stonewall ［ˌstoʊnˈwɔːl］v. 拒绝（合作）, 阻挠：to be uncooperative,

obstructive, or evasive

quell ［kwel］vt. 压制：to put down forcibly; suppress

vt. 使平静，使安静：to pacify; quiet

thrill ［θrɪl］n. 强烈的兴奋感，快感：a pleasurably intense stimulation

of the feelings

vt. 使兴奋，使激动：to cause to experience a sudden sharp feeling of

excitement

distill ［dɪˈstɪl］vt. 对…用蒸馏法提高纯度：to increase the

concentration of, separate, or purify by or as if by distillation

instill ［ɪnˈstɪl］vt. 灌输：to impart gradually

loll ［lɑːl］vi. 偷懒，打发时间：to spend time doing nothing

gull ［gʌl］vt. 欺骗：to cause to believe what is untrue

lull ［lʌl］n. 相对平静时期，间隙：a momentary halt in an activity

vt. 使镇静，使安心：to free from distress or disturbance

idyll ［ˈaɪdl］n. 无忧无虑的生活：a carefree episode or experience

gambol ［ˈgæmbl］vi. 欢跳，雀跃：to leap about playfully

protocol ［ˈproʊtəkɔːl］n. 正确的礼仪规范：a code of correct conduct

extol ［ɪkˈstoʊl］vt. 赞美；吹捧：to praise highly; glorify

snarl ［snɑːrl］v. 纠缠，纠结：to twist together into a usually confused

mass

caterwaul ［ˈkætərwɔːl］v. 嚎叫：to make a very loud and unpleasant

sound

resourceful ［rɪˈsɔːrsfl］adj. 有创造力的，机智的：able to act

effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations

baleful ［ˈbeɪlfl］adj. 有害的：harmful or malignant in intent or effect

fateful ［ˈfeɪtfl］adj. 意义重大的：involving momentous consequences

fanciful ［ˈfænsɪfl］adj. 不切实际的，荒谬的：conceived or made

without regard for reason or reality

willful ［ˈwɪlfl］adj. 固执的，倔强的：obstinately and often perversely

self-willed

mournful ［ˈmɔːrnfl］adj. 悲伤的：feeling or expressing sorrow or grief

fretful ［ˈfretfl］adj. 易怒的，烦躁的：inclined to be vexed or troubled

fitful ［ˈfɪtfl］adj. 断断续续的：having an erratic or intermittent character

wistful ［ˈwɪstfl］adj. （带着忧伤而）渴望的，怀念的：full of

yearning or desire tinged with melancholy

playful ［ˈpleɪfl］adj. 爱开玩笑的，好打闹的：given to good-natured

joking or teasing
annul ［əˈnʌl］vt. 宣告无效，取消：to declare or make legally invalid or
void

scrawl ［skrɔːl］vt. 乱涂，潦草地写：to write or draw awkwardly,

hastily, or carelessly

drawl ［drɔːl］v. 慢吞吞地说：to speak slowly with vowels greatly

prolonged

sprawl ［sprɔːl］v. 杂乱无序地发展;蔓生，蔓延：to grow, develop, or

spread irregularly and without apparent design or plan

scowl ［skaʊl］vi. 皱眉（表现出不高兴）：to contract the brow in an

expression of displeasure

prowl ［ˈpraʊl］v. 巡游以猎取食物；徘徊：to roam through stealthily,

as in search of prey or plunder

gleam ［gliːm］v. 闪光：to shoot forth bursts of light

ream ［riːm］vt. 怒斥，训斥：to criticize （someone） severely or

angrily especially for personal failings

sham ［ʃæm］v. 掩饰，假装：to present a false appearance of

adj. 虚假的：not genuine; fake

epigram ［ˈepɪgræm］n. 机智的短诗，警句：a short, witty poem
expressing a single thought or bservation

redeem ［rɪˈdiːm］vt. 改过自新：to make better in behavior or character

esteem ［ɪˈstiːm］n./v. 尊重：to regard with respect; prize

stratagem ［ˈstrætəʤəm］n. 谋略，策略：an artifice or trick in war for

deceiving and outwitting the enemy

paradigm ［ˈpærədaɪm］n. 典范，模范：one that serves as a pattern or

model

acclaim ［əˈkleɪm］n. 称赞：public acknowledgment or admiration for an

achievement

vt. 赞扬，赞颂：to declare enthusiastic approval of

proclaim ［prəˈkleɪm］vt. 宣告，使…公之于众：to declare publicly,

typically insistently, proudly, or defiantly and in either speech or writing

brim ［brɪm］n. 边缘，边界：an upper or outer margin

vi. 充满：to be or become full often to overflowing

interim ［ˈɪntərɪm］n. 中间过渡时期，间隔：an interval of time between

one event, process, or period and another
adj. 暂时的：serving in a position for the time being

verbatim ［vɜːrˈbeɪtɪm］adv. 逐字地，一字不差地：in the exact words

vim ［vɪm］n. 活力，精力：robust energy and enthusiasm

balm ［bɑːm］n. 香油，止痛膏；安慰物：a sweet-smelling oil that heals

wounds or reduce pain; things that soothe the mind

qualm ［kwɑːm］n. 担忧，不安：a sudden uneasy feeling about the

rightness

overwhelm ［ˌoʊvərˈwelm］vt. 淹没：to cover with or as if with a flood

random ［ˈrændəm］adj. 随机的，随意的：lacking a definite plan,

purpose, or pattern

fathom ［ˈfæðəm］vt. 彻底理解，弄懂：to penetrate and come to

understand

venom ［ˈvenəm］n. 恶意，恶毒的用心：the desire to cause pain for the

satisfaction of doing harm

doom ［duːm］v. 注定（倒霉）：to determine the fate of suffering in

advance

maelstrom ［ˈmeɪlstrɑːm］n. 混乱、动荡的局势：a violent or turbulent

situation

accustom ［əˈkʌstəm］vt. 使习惯：to make familiar with something

through use or experience

disarm ［dɪsˈɑːrm］vt. 使息怒，平息，抚慰：to lessen the anger or

agitation of

affirm ［əˈfɜːrm］vt. 声称…为真，肯定…属实：to assert （as a

judgment or decree） as valid or confirmed

infirm ［ɪnˈfɜːrm］adj. 虚弱的：weak in body, especially from old age or

disease

adj. 不果断的，优柔寡断的：lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose

conform ［kənˈfɔːrm］vt. 使协调：to bring into harmony or accord

vi. 遵照，遵从：to be obedient or compliant

sarcasm ［ˈsɑːrkæzəm］n. 讽刺，轻蔑：a sharp and often satirical or

ironic utterance designed to cut or give pain

chasm ［ˈkæzəm］n. 分歧, （意见、利益或忠诚上的）明显差异：a

pronounced difference of opinion, interests, or loyalty

syllogism ［ˈsɪləʤɪzəm］n. 由一般到个别的推理，演绎：reasoning

from the general to the specific; deduction
schism ［ˈskɪzəm］n. 不一致：a lack of agreement or harmony

sophism ［ˈsɑːfɪzəm］n. 假推理，诡辩：deceptive or fallacious

argumentation

teetotalism ［ˌtiːˈtoʊtlizəm］n. 禁酒：the principle or practice of complete

abstinence from alcoholic drinks

euphemism ［ˈjuːfəmɪzəm］n. 婉言，委婉的说法：the substitution of an

agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest
something unpleasant

sectarianism ［sekˈteriənɪzəm］n. 宗派主义，顽固：stubborn or

intolerant adherence to one's opinions or prejudices

hedonism ［ˈhiːdənɪzəm］n. 享乐主义：the doctrine that pleasure or

happiness is the sole or chief good in life

anachronism ［əˈnækrənɪzəm］n. 不合时代的人或事物；过时现

象：something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological
time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time

n. 时代错误，年代误植（指所叙人、事与时代不符的错误）：an error in
chronology in which a person, object, event, etc., is assigned a date or period
other than the correct one
 List 18

aphorism ［ˈæfərɪzəm］n. 格言，警句：a short witty sentence which

expresses a general truth or comment

favoritism ［ˈfeɪvərɪtɪzəm］n. 偏爱，偏袒：the showing of special favor

truism ［ˈtruːzəm］n. 陈词滥调：an idea or expression that has been used

by many people

altruism ［ˈæltruɪzəm］n. 利他主义，无私：unselfish regard for or

devotion to the welfare of others

cronyism ［ˈkroʊniɪzəm］n. 任人唯亲，对好朋友的偏袒：favoritism

shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications

paroxysm ［ˈpærəksɪzəm］n. （政治、社会领域的）大动荡：a violent

disturbance （as of the political or social order）

modicum ［ˈmɑːdɪkəm］n. 少量：a small portion; a limited quantity

compendium ［kəmˈpendiəm］n. 摘要：a brief summary of a larger work

or of a field of knowledge: abstract
odium ［ˈoʊdiəm］n. 憎恶，讨厌：strong dislike, contempt, or aversion

premium ［ˈpriːmiəm］adj. 高端的：of superior quality or value

encomium ［enˈkoʊmiəm］n. 赞颂之词：glowing and warmly

enthusiastic praise

pandemonium ［ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm］n. 喧嚣，骚动：wild uproar or noise

equilibrium ［ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm］n. 均势，平衡：a condition in which

opposing forces are equal to one another

delirium ［dɪˈlɪriəm］n. 精神错乱；极度兴奋，发狂：an acute mental

disturbance characterized by confused thinking and disrupted attention usually
accompanied by disordered speech and hallucinations; frenzied exitement

moratorium ［ˌmɔːrəˈtɔːriəm］n. 延期，暂缓施行：a suspension of

activity

effluvium ［ɪˈfluːviəm］n. 难闻的气味：an offensive exhalation or smell

asylum ［əˈsaɪləm］n. 收容所，保护所：an inviolable place of refuge

and protection giving shelter to criminals and debtors/something （as a
building） that offers cover from the weather or protection from danger

interregnum ［ˌɪntəˈregnəm］n. 过渡期：break in continuity

humdrum ［ˈhʌmdrʌm］adj. 无聊的，乏味的：lacking variety or
excitement

conundrum ［kəˈnʌndrəm］n. 无法解决的问题，迷：a paradoxical,

insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma

spectrum ［ˈspektrəm］n. 光谱；范围：a broad sequence or range of

related qualities, ideas, or activities

tantrum ［ˈtæntrəm］n. 勃然大怒，发脾气：a fit of bad temper

momentum ［moʊˈmentəm］n. 动力；冲力，势头：impetus of a

physical object in motion; impetus of a nonphysical process, such as an idea or
a course of events

pseudonym ［ˈsuːdənɪm］n. 假名，笔名：a fictitious name

paean ［ˈpiːən］n. 欢乐颂，赞扬：a joyous song or hymn of praise,

tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph

glean ［gliːt］v. 收集：to collect bit by bit

mean ［miːn］adj. 卑贱的：ignoble; base

adj. 吝啬的：giving or sharing as little as possible

protean ［ˈproʊtiən］adj. 善变的；多才多艺的：displaying great

diversity or variety; versatile
patrician ［pəˈtrɪʃn］n. 贵族，名门望族：a man or woman of high birth
or social position

adj. 贵族的，地位高的：of high birth, rank, or station

quotidian ［kwoʊˈtɪdiən］adj. 每日的；平凡的：everyday;

commonplace

guardian ［ˈɡɑːrdiən］n. 保护者，捍卫者：The guardian of something is

someone who defends and protects it.

plebeian ［pləˈbiːən］adj. 平民的，社会下层的：belonging to the class

of people of low social or economic rank

stygian ［ˈstɪʤiən］adj. 极阴暗的：extremely dark, gloomy, or

forbidding

bohemian ［boʊˈhiːmiən］n. 特立独行之人：a person （as an artist）

who has an unconventional life-style that often reflects protest against or
indifference to convention

draconian ［drəˈkoʊniən］adj. 极其残酷的；十分严厉的：exceedingly

harsh; very severe

sectarian ［sekˈteriən］adj. 狭隘的：not broad or open in views or

opinions
egalitarian ［iˌgælɪˈteriən］adj. 平等主义的：affirming, promoting, or
characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for
all people

stentorian ［stenˈtɔːriən］adj. 声音洪亮的：extremely loud

pedestrian ［pəˈdestriən］adj. 平庸无奇的，令人厌倦的：causing

weariness, restlessness, or lack of interest

antediluvian ［ˌæntidɪˈluːviən］adj. 非常古老的；过时的：extremely

old and antiquated

clan ［klæn］n. （有共同爱好的）团体，帮派：a group united by a

common interest or common characteristics

pan ［pæn］vt./n. 严厉批评：a harsh criticism

deadpan ［ˈdedpæn］n. 无趣的，无生气的，不活泼的：marked by

impassively matter-of-fact, as in style, behavior, or expression

veteran ［ˈvetərən］n. 老兵；有丰富经验的人：an old soldier; one

having knowledge or ability gained through long experience

adj. 经验丰富的，资深的：having or showing exceptional knowledge,

experience, or skill in a field of endeavor

diocesan ［daɪˈɑːsɪsn］adj. 主教管辖区的：of or relating to a diocese

partisan ［ˈpɑːrtəzn］n. 有偏见的人adj. 偏袒的：inclined to favor one
side over another

charlatan ［ˈʃɑːrlətən］n. 骗子，装懂的人：a person who makes

elaborate, fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack
or fraud

cosmopolitan ［ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlɪtən］adj. 有世界性眼光的，包容

的：having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope or bearing

spartan ［ˈspɑːrtn］adj. 简朴的，节约的：marked by simplicity,

frugality, or avoidance of luxury and comfort

gargantuan ［gɑːrˈgæntʃuən］adj. 巨大的：tremendous in size, volume, or

degree

wan ［wæn］adj. 苍白的，病态的：suggestive of poor health

sodden ［ˈsɑːdn］adj. 湿透的：containing, covered with, or thoroughly

penetrated by water

vt. 使…湿透：to wet thoroughly with liquid

embolden ［ɪmˈboʊldən］vt. 鼓励，使大胆：to instill with boldness or

courage

beholden ［bɪˈhoʊldən］adj. 欠他人人情的：owing something, such as

gratitude, to another
spleen ［spliːn］n. 怒气，怨恨：feelings of anger or ill will often
suppressed

careen ［kəˈriːn］vi. 蹒跚而行，不稳地行走：to lurch or swerve while in

motion

screen ［skriːn］n. 掩护物，屏障：something that shelters, protects, or

hides

green ［griːn］adj. 无经验的：deficient in training, knowledge, or

experience

preen ［priːn］vt. 打扮修饰：to dress or groom （oneself） with

elaborate care

ken ［ken］n. 视野范围：the range of vision

liken ［ˈlaɪkən］vt. 显示相似，把…比作：to see,mention, or show as

similar; compare

hearken ［ˈhɑːrkən］vi. 倾听，关注：to give respectful attention

crestfallen ［ˈkrestfɔːlən］adj. 垂头丧气的，沮丧的：dispirited and

depressed; dejected

sullen ［ˈsʌlən］adj. 闷闷不乐的：causing or marked by an atmosphere

lacking in cheer
regimen ［ˈreʤɪmən］n. （政治上的）统治：lawful control over the
affairs of a political unit （as a nation）

acumen ［ˈækjəmən］n. 不同寻常的洞察力和鉴别力：exceptional

discernment and judgment especially in practical matters

ripen ［ˈraɪpən］v. 使成熟，变成熟：to make or become ripe or riper

dampen ［ˈdæmpən］vt. 抑制，压抑（感情、精力等）, 泼冷水：to

check or diminish the feeling, activity or vigor of

barren ［ˈbærən］adj. 不产生结果的，无效的：producing no results;

unproductive

adj. 贫瘠的：deficient in production of vegetation and especially crops

moth-eaten ［ˈmɔːθˌiːtn］adj. 过时的：having passed its time of use or

usefulness

enlighten ［ɪnˈlaɪtn］vt. 使知道，启发：to give information to; inform or

instruct

hearten ［ˈhɑːrtn］vt. 给予鼓励，鼓舞：to give strength, courage, or

hope to; encourage

dishearten ［dɪsˈhɑːrtn］vt. 使沮丧，使失去信心：to cause to lose spirit

or morale
hasten ［ˈheɪsn］vt. 促进：to speed up; accelerate

glisten ［ˈglɪsn］vi. 闪光：to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster

hard-bitten ［hɑːrdˈbɪtn］adj. 顽强的，经受得住困境、压力的：able

to withstand hardship, strain, or exposure

leaven ［ˈlevn］vt. 在…中加入轻松、活泼或变更的因素：to mingle or

permeate with some modifying, alleviating, or vivifying element

haven ［ˈheɪvn］n. 安全的地方：a place of safety

maven ［ˈmeɪvn］n. 专家：one who is experienced or knowledgeable:

expert

craven ［ˈkreɪvn］adj. 非常懦弱的，因胆小而遭人鄙视的：lacking the

least bit of courage; contemptibly fainthearted

doyen ［ˈdɔɪən］n. 有经验的人，资深人士，老司机：a person

considered to be knowledgeable or uniquely skilled as a result of long
experience in some field of endeavor

brazen ［ˈbreɪzn］adj. 蛮横大胆的，厚颜无耻的：marked by

contemptuous boldness

v. 大胆自信地去面对或从事：to face or undergo with bold self-assurance

wizen ［ˈwaɪzn］v. （使）凋谢, （使）枯萎：to become dry, shrunken,
and wrinkled often as a result of aging or of failing vitality

adj. 凋谢的，枯萎的：shriveled or dried up

cozen ［ˈkʌzn］v. 诱骗：to mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud;

deceive

condign ［kənˈdaɪn］adj. 应得的，恰当的：deserved, appropriate

deign ［deɪn］vi. （不情愿地）屈尊，俯就：to condescend reluctantly

and with a strong sense of the affront to one's superiority that is involved

feign ［feɪn］vt. 制造假象，装出…的样子：to give a false appearance of

reign ［reɪn］n. 统治权：the right or means to command or control others

vi. 占统治地位或盛行：to be predominant or prevalent

align ［əˈlaɪn］vt. 调准，校准：to adjust to produce a proper relationship

or orientation

malign ［məˈlaɪn］adj. 恶意的：having or showing a desire to cause

someone pain or suffering for the sheer enjoyment of it

vt. 诽谤：to utter injuriously misleading or false reports about: speak evil of

benign ［bɪˈnaɪn］adj. 无害的：not causing or being capable of causing

injury or hurt

resign ［rɪˈzaɪn］vt. 辞职，放弃（职位）：to give up one's job or office

consign ［kənˈsaɪn］vt. 转交，转移（给他人）：to give, transfer, or

deliver into the hands or control of another

impugn ［ɪmˈpjuːn］vt. 责难，抨击：to attack as false or questionable;

challenge in argument

disdain ［dɪsˈdeɪn］vt. 轻视，鄙视：to look on with scorn

bargain ［ˈbɑːrgən］n. 协议：an agreement between parties settling what

each gives or receives in a transaction

vi. 讨价还价：to negotiate over the terms of a purchase

constrain ［kənˈstreɪn］vt. 限制：to force by imposed stricture, restriction,

or limitation

detain ［dɪˈteɪn］vt. 拘留，扣留：to hold or keep in or as if in custody

pertain ［pərˈteɪn］vi. 有关联：to have a relation or connection; relate

 List 19

abstain ［əbˈsteɪn］v. 自我克制，主动戒绝：to refrain from something

by one's own choice

distain ［dɪsˈteɪn］vt. 贬损，伤害（某人的）名誉：to cause to lose

honor, respect, or reputation

rein ［reɪn］n. 抑制，限制：the act or practice of keeping something （as

an activity） within certain boundaries

vi. 抑制，控制：to keep from exceeding a desirable degree or level （as of

expression）

maudlin ［ˈmɔːdlɪn］adj. 过于感伤的：effusively or tearfully sentimental

purloin ［pɜːrˈlɔɪn］vt. 偷窃：to steal, often in a violation of trust

grin ［grɪn］v. 咧嘴笑，咧嘴笑着表示：to express an emotion （as

amusement） by curving the lips upward

chagrin ［ʃəˈgrɪn］n. 沮丧，懊恼：disquietude or distress of mind caused

by humiliation, disappointment, or failure

damn ［dæm］vt. （在道德上）谴责：to declare to be morally wrong or

evil

condemn ［kənˈdem］vt. 谴责（…为不道德的、邪恶的）：to declare

to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and
without reservation

hymn ［hɪm］n. 赞歌，赞美诗：a song of praise or joy

v. 赞美：to proclaim the glory of

don ［dɑːn］vt. 穿上：to put on （an article of clothing）

abandon ［əˈbændən］v./n. 放纵：carefree, freedom from constraint

v. 放弃：to withdraw from often in the face of danger or encroachment

curmudgeon ［kɜːrˈmʌʤən］n. 脾气坏的、爱抱怨的人：an irritable and

complaining person

burgeon ［ˈbɜːrʤən］vi. 迅速成长扩大，蓬勃发展：to grow and expand

rapidly; flourish

chameleon ［kəˈmiːliən］n. 变色龙，善变的人：a person who

dexterously and expediently changes or adopts opinions

paragon ［ˈpærəgɑːn］n. 优秀模范：a model of excellence or perfection

of a kind; a peerless example

vt. 把…比作；显示相似：to compare with; parallel

jargon ［ˈʤɑːrgən］n. 行业术语：the specialized or technical language of
a trade, profession, or similar group

legion ［ˈliːʤən］adj. 大量的：many, numerous

rapscallion ［ræpˈskæliən］n. 流氓，恶棍：a mean, evil, or unprincipled

person

champion ［ˈtʃæmpiən］vt. 支持：to fight for, defend, or support as a

champion

clarion ［ˈklæriən］adj. 清楚响亮的：loud and clear

revision ［rɪˈvɪʒn］n. 修订：he act, process, or result of making different

convulsion ［kənˈvʌlʃn］n. 骚乱：a violent disturbance

apprehension ［ˌæprɪˈhenʃn］n. 忧虑，恐惧：suspicion or fear especially

of future evil

n. 理解：the knowledge gained from the process of coming to know or

understand something

misapprehension ［ˌmɪsæprɪˈhenʃn］n. 错误的理解、判断：a failure to

understand correctly; a wrong judgement

dissension ［dɪˈsenʃn］n. 意见不合：difference of opinion; disagreement

aspersion ［əˈspɜːrʒn］n. 诽谤，中伤：a false or misleading charge
meant to harm someone's reputation

incursion ［ɪnˈkɜːrʒn］n. 入侵：a hostile entrance into a territory

scission ［ˈsɪʒən］n. 切断，分离，分裂：a division or split in a group or

union: schism

profusion ［prəˈfjuːʒn］n. 丰富，大量：the state of being profuse;

abundance

delusion ［dɪˈluːʒn］n. 错觉，妄想：a false idea

approbation ［ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn］n. 同意：an expression of warm approval

nullification ［ˌnʌlɪfiˈkeɪʃn］n. （尤指法律条文等正式的）废除，废

弃：the doing away with something by formal action

ramification ［ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn］n. 影响，结果：something that is the result

of an action, decision

vocation ［voʊˈkeɪʃn］n. 职业：the work in which a person is regularly

employed

trepidation ［ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃn］n. 恐惧，战栗：the emotion experienced in

the presence or threat of danger; apprehension
negation ［nɪˈgeɪʃn］n. 否定：the opposite or absence of something
regarded as actual, positive, or affirmative

revelation ［ˌrevəˈleɪʃn］n. 爆料，揭示：the act of making known

something previously unknown or concealed

ratiocination ［ˌreɪʃioʊsɪˈneɪʃn］n. 推理：the thought processes that have

been established as leading to valid solutions to problems

hallucination ［həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃn］n. 错觉：a false idea or belief

machination ［ˌmæʃɪˈneɪʃn］n. 诡计：a scheming or crafty action or artful

design intended to accomplish some usually evil end

disinclination ［ˌdɪsˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn］n. 不喜欢，厌恶，不情愿：a lack of

willingness or desire to do or accept something; a lack of willingness or desire
to do or accept something

divination ［ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃn］n. 预言：the art or practice of foretelling future

events by interpreting omens

coronation ［ˌkɔːrəˈneɪʃn］n. 加冕，加冕礼：the act or ceremony of

crowning a sovereign or the sovereign's consort

consternation ［ˌkɑːnstərˈneɪʃn］n. 惊愕，恐慌，恐惧：a state of

paralyzing dismay
preoccupation ［priˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn］n. 非常关心，全神贯注：extreme or
excessive concern with something

ration ［ˈræʃn］vt. 按比例分配：to give as a share or portion

conflagration ［ˌkɑːnfləˈgreɪʃn］n. 武装冲突，战争：a state of armed

violent struggle between states, nations, or groups

deterioration ［dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn］n. 恶化；堕落：a gradual sinking and

wasting away of mind or body

ministration ［ˌmɪnɪ̍streɪʃn］n. 帮助：the act or process of serving or

aiding

sensation ［senˈseɪʃn］n. 轰动事件：a state of intense public interest and

excitement

cessation ［seˈseɪʃn］n. 终止，暂停：the stopping of a process or activity

affectation ［ˌæfekˈteɪʃn］n. 虚伪，做作：the act of taking on or

displaying an attitude or mode of behavior not natural to oneself or not
genuinely felt

imitation ［ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn］n. 仿制品：something that is made to look exactly

like something else

precipitation ［prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn］n. 沉积物，尤指降水：something

precipitated as a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow

n. 仓促：excited and often showy or disorderly speed

palpitation ［ˌpælpɪˈteɪʃn］n. （有节奏的）舒张收缩：a rhythmic

expanding and contracting

incantation ［ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃn］n. 咒语：a spoken word or set of words

believed to have magic power

deportation ［ˌdiːpɔːrˈteɪʃn］n. 放逐：the removal from a country of an

alien whose presence is unlawful or prejudicial

salutation ［ˌsæljuˈteɪʃn］n. 赞扬：a formal expression of praise

privation ［praɪˈveɪʃn］n. 缺乏，穷困：lack of what is needed for

existence

deprivation ［ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn］n. 匮乏：the condition of being deprived;

privation

faction ［ˈfækʃn］n. 派系：a party or group （as within a government）

that is often contentious or self-seeking

infraction ［ɪnˈfrækʃn］n. 违背，违犯：a failure to uphold the

requirements of law, duty, or obligation

predilection ［ˌpredlˈekʃn］n. 爱好，偏袒：a partiality or disposition in

favor of something

valediction ［ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃn］n. 告别词：an address or statement of farewell

or leave-taking

affliction ［əˈflɪkʃn］n. 痛苦，悲伤，折磨：a state of great suffering of

body or mind

friction ［ˈfrɪkʃn］n. 摩擦：the rubbing of one object or surface against

another

n. 冲突，不和：the clashing between two persons or parties of opposed

views

conviction ［kənˈvɪkʃn］n. 深信，确信：the state of being convinced

n. 证明有罪：state of being found or proved guilty

sanction ［ˈsæŋkʃn］vt. 批准，同意，认可：to make valid or binding

usually by a formal procedure （as ratification）

compunction ［kəmˈpʌŋkʃn］n. 焦虑，内疚，良心不安：anxiety arising

from awareness of guilt

discretion ［dɪˈskreʃn］n. 谨慎：the quality of being discreet;

circumspection

n. 自制，节制：the checking of one's true feelings and impulses when

dealing with others
demolition ［ˌdeməˈlɪʃn］n. 破坏，毁坏：the act or process of wrecking
or destroying, especially destruction by explosives

volition ［vəˈlɪʃn］n. 意志，自愿选择的行为：the act or power of

making one's own choices or decisions

apparition ［ˌæpəˈrɪʃn］n. 鬼魂，幽灵：a ghostly figure

disquisition ［ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃn］n. 专题论文：a systematic search for the

truth or facts about something

supposition ［ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃn］n. 猜想，推测：an opinion or judgment based

on little or no evidence

petition ［pəˈtɪʃn］n. 请愿，正式的申请；申请书：a solemn

supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty

v. （尤指正式地）请求：to make a request, especially a formal written one

partition ［pɑːrˈtɪʃn］n. 分割，划分：the act or process of dividing

something into parts

convention ［kənˈvenʃn］n. 常规，习俗：general agreement on or

acceptance of certain practices or attitudes

n. 大会，集会：a coming together of a number of persons for a specified

purpose
commotion ［kəˈmoʊʃn］n. 骚乱：an agitated disturbance

inception ［ɪnˈsepʃn］n. 开端，开始：an act, process, or instance of

beginning

prescription ［prɪˈskrɪpʃn］n. 规定，传统的规矩：something prescribed

as a rule; especially an inherited or established way of thinking, feeling, or
doing

retribution ［ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn］n. 报偿，报应：the dispensing or receiving of

reward or punishment especially in the hereafter

prosecution ［ˌprɑːsɪˈkjuːʃn］n. 实行，执行：the doing of an action

circumlocution ［ˌsɜːrkəmləˈkjuːʃn］n. 冗长：the use of too many words

to express an idea

restitution ［ˌrestɪˈtuːʃn］n. 补偿，赔偿：a making good of or giving an

equivalent for some injury

summon ［ˈsʌmən］vt. 召集，召唤：to call together

sermon ［ˈsɜːrmən］n. 布道，说教：public speech usually by a member

of the clergy for the purpose of giving moral guidance or uplift

canon ［ˈkænən］n. 准则，标准：a basis for judgment; a standard or

criterion
n. 真经，正典：the authentic works of a writer

boon ［buːn］n. 恩惠，福利：benefit, favor

adj. 喜欢集体行动的：likely to seek or enjoy the company of others

tycoon ［taɪˈkuːn］n. 大亨，巨头：a person of rank, power, or influence

in a particular field

balloon ［bəˈluːn］v. 迅速增加：to increase rapidly

lampoon ［læmˈpuːn］n. 讽刺：a harsh satire usually directed against an

individual

croon ［kruːn］v. 低声歌唱或说话：to sing or speak in a gentle

murmuring manner

oxymoron ［ˌɑːksɪˈmɔːrɑːn］n. 矛盾修饰法：a combination of

contradictory or incongruous words

jettison ［ˈʤetɪsn］vt. 丢弃，投弃：to cast overboard or off

simpleton ［ˈsɪmpltən］n. （缺乏常识的）笨蛋：a person lacking in

common sense; a stupid person

glutton ［ˈglʌtn］n. 贪吃者：a person who eats or consumes immoderate

amounts of food and drink
halcyon ［ˈhælsiən］adj. 宁静的，平静的：free from storms or physical
disturbance

blazon ［ˈbleɪzn］vt. 使知名：to make known openly or publicly

v. 修饰，装扮：to make more attractive by adding something that is beautiful

or becoming

discern ［dɪˈsɜːrn］v. 识别，辨别差异：to perceive with the eyes or

intellect; detect
 List 20

scorn ［skɔːrn］vt. 轻蔑，鄙视，不屑：to reject or dismiss as

contemptible or unworthy

timeworn ［ˈtaɪmˌwɔːrn］adj. 陈腐的：hackneyed, stale

careworn ［ˈkerwɔːrn］adj. 忧心忡忡的，焦虑的：showing the effect of

grief or anxiety

shopworn ［ˈʃɑːpwɔːrn］adj. 陈旧的：worn-out, as from overuse: trite

adjourn ［əˈʤɜːrn］vi. 延期，休会：to suspend a session indefinitely or

to another time or place

spurn ［spɜːrn］vt. 摈弃，拒绝：to reject with disdain or contempt

taciturn ［ˈtæsɪtɜːrn］adj. 沉默寡言的，话少的：temperamentally

disinclined to talk

shun ［ʃʌn］vt. 避开，避免：to avoid deliberately; keep away from

fawn ［fɔːn］vi. 阿谀奉承：to seek favor or attention by flattery and

obsequious behavior
placebo ［pləˈsiːboʊ］n. 安慰性的事物：something of no intrinsic
remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another

fiasco ［fiˈæskoʊ］n. 大失败：a complete failure

bravado ［brəˈvɑːdəu］n. 假装勇敢：a pretense of bravery

n. 虚张声势：blustering swaggering conduct

crescendo ［krəˈʃendoʊ］n. （渐强之后到达的）顶峰：the peak of a

gradual increase

vertigo ［ˈvɜːrtɪgoʊ］n. 眩晕：a dizzy confused state of mind

embargo ［ɪmˈbɑːrgoʊ］n. 贸易禁止令：a legal prohibition on commerce

imbroglio ［ɪmˈbroʊlioʊ］n. 困境，复杂的局面：an intricate or

complicated situation

boo ［ˈbuː］n./v. 嘘（以表示不满或嘲笑）：a sound uttered to show

contempt, scorn, or disapproval

typo ［ˈtaɪpoʊ］n. 打字错误：an error in typed or typeset material

tyro ［ˈtaɪroʊ］n. 新手，业余爱好者：a beginner in learning: novice

virtuoso ［ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ］n. 艺术鉴赏家，专家：a person with masterly

skill or technique in the arts

adj. 经验丰富的，技艺精湛的：having or showing exceptional knowledge,

experience, or skill in a field of endeavor

veto ［ˈviːtoʊ］n./vt. 否决，禁止：to forbid or prohibit authoritatively

madcap ［ˈmædkæp］n. 热爱冒险的人：a person who seeks out very

dangerous or foolhardy adventures with no apparent fear

adj. 大胆的，鲁莽的：behaving or acting impulsively or rashly; foolishly

adventurous or bold

mishap ［ˈmɪshæp］n. 不幸之事：an unfortunate accident

overlap ［ˌoʊvərˈlæp］v. （与…）部分重叠：to occupy the same area in

part

kidnap ［ˈkɪdnæp］vt. 绑架勒索：to seize and detain by unlawful force or

fraud and often with a demand for ransom

scrap ［skræp］vt. 抛弃：to get rid of as useless or unwanted

entrap ［ɪnˈtræp］vt. 诱骗：to lure into a compromising statement or act

sap ［sæp］vt. 削弱：to weaken or exhaust the energy or vitality of

n. 健康，活力：active strength of body or mind

wiretap ［ˈwaɪərtæp］n./vt. 偷听，窃听：to tap a telephone or telegraph
wire in order to get information

peep ［piːp］n. 一瞥：a brief and sometimes furtive look

creep ［kriːp］vi./n. 缓慢地行进：to go very slowly

steep ［stiːp］adj. 陡峭的：having an incline approaching the

perpendicular

adj. 过分的，过高的：going beyond a normal or acceptable limit in degree

or amount

sidestep ［ˈsaɪdstep］vt. （通过逃避而）不遵守：to avoid having to

comply with （something） especially through cleverness

showmanship ［ˈʃoʊmənʃɪp］n. 擅于表演、展示的技巧：the skill or

ability of an individual who has a sense or knack for dramatically effective
presentation

nip ［nɪp］n. 少量：a very small amount

vi. 小口吃喝：to sip （alcoholic liquor） in small amounts

strip ［strɪp］vt. 脱衣，剥去：to remove clothing, covering, or surface

matter from

skimp ［skɪmp］adj. 缺乏的，不足的：less plentiful than what is normal,

necessary, or desirable

vi. 节省花费，吝啬：to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or

effort to or funds for

limp ［lɪmp］adj. 柔软的，松散的：lacking firm texture, substance, or

structure

adj. 软弱的，没有精神的：lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritless

vi. 跛行，艰难地行走：to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily

scrimp ［skrɪmp］vi. 节俭：to avoid unnecessary waste or expense

primp ［prɪmp］v. 精心打扮：to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or

finicky manner

plump ［plʌmp］adj. 丰满的：well-rounded and full in form

v. 鼎力支持，赞不绝口：to give full support or praise

slump ［ˈslʌmp］n./v. 暴跌，急剧下降：to decline suddenly as in

activity, prices, or business

coop ［kuːp］vt. 监禁，困于…之中：to confine in a restricted and often

crowded area

eavesdrop ［ˈiːvzdrɑːp］vi. 偷听：to listen secretly to the private

conversation of others
sop ［sɑːp］n. 安慰物：something yielded to placate or soothe

carp ［kɑːrp］vi. 对小事吹毛求疵，挑剔，表现不满：to make often

peevish criticisms or objections about matters that are minor, unimportant, or
irrelevant; to express dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment usually tiresomely

warp ［wɔːrp］vt. 曲解：to change so much as to create awrong

impression or alter the meaning of

usurp ［juːˈzɜːrp］vt. 篡夺，篡位：to seize and hold （the power or

rights of another, for example） by force and without legal authority

clasp ［klæsp］n./v. 紧握：the act or manner of holding

forebear ［ˈfɔːrber］n. 祖先：a person from whom one is descended; an

ancestor

gear ［gɪr］v. 调整（以配合）：to adjust or adapt so as to make suitable

swear ［swer］vi. 咒骂：to use profane or obscene language: curse

v. 宣誓：to promise or pledge with a solemn oath; vow

vulgar ［ˈvʌlgər］adj. 粗俗的，无教养的：morally crude, undeveloped,

or unregenerate

verisimilar ［ˌverɪsɪˈmɪlər］adj. 似乎真实的：appearing to be true or real

vernacular ［vərˈnækjələr］n. 方言：a nonstandard language or dialect of
a place, region, or country

adj. 非正式的，口头的：used in or suitable for speech and not formal

writing

secular ［ˈsekjələr］adj. 世俗的，尘世的：of or relating to the worldly or

temporal

jocular ［ˈʤɑːkjələr ］adj. 搞笑的，欢乐的：characterized by joking,

playful

cellular ［ˈseljələr］adj. 多孔的：containing cavities; having a porous

texture

insular ［ˈɪnsələr］adj. （观念、想法等）孤立狭隘的，村里来

的：being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint

mar ［mɑːr］vt. 破坏，削弱：to impair the soundness, perfection, or

integrity of; spoil

jabber ［ˈʤæbər］vi. 快而不清楚地说：to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or

unintelligibly

limber ［ˈlɪmbər］adj. 可塑的，柔软的：capable of being shaped:

flexible

somber ［ˈsɑːmbər］adj. 悲伤的，不愉快的：causing or marked by an

atmosphere lacking in cheer

encumber ［ɪnˈkʌmbər］vt. 阻碍；妨碍：to impede or hamper the

function or activity of

lumber ［ˈlʌmbər］vi. 笨拙地行动：to walk or move with heavy

clumsiness

vt. 使负担（从而拖累）：to place a weight or burden on

slumber ［ˈslʌmbər］vi. 睡着：to be in a state of sleep

sober ［ˈsoʊbər］adj. 严肃的：marked by seriousness, gravity, or

solemnity of conduct or character

adj. 节制的：given to or marked by restraint in the satisfaction of one's

appetites

dodder ［ˈdɑːdər］vi. 蹒跚，颤巍巍地行进：to progress feebly and

unsteadily

embroider ［ɪmˈbrɔɪdər］v. （时常伴有夸张和想象内容地）详细说

明：to give an elaborate account of, often with florid language and fictitious
details

solder ［ˈsɑːdər］v. 连接，联合：to join or unite

meander ［miˈændər］vi. 闲逛，漫步：to move aimlessly and idly

without fixed direction

squander ［ˈskwɑːndər］vt. 浪费：to spend wastefully or extravagantly

engender ［ɪnˈʤendər］vt. 引起，使发展：to cause to exist or to develop

surrender ［səˈrendər］vt. 交出，放弃，投降：to give（something）

over to the control or possession of another usually under duress

tender ［ˈtendər ］vt. 正式提出：to offer formally

adj. 考虑周到的，关心同情的：having or marked by sympathy and

consideration for others

faultfinder ［fɔːltˈfaɪndər］n. 吹毛求疵的人：one who is given to petty

criticism and constant complaint

blunder ［ˈblʌndər］n. 过失v. 犯错误：a gross error or mistake resulting

usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness

founder ［ˈfaʊndər］n. 建立者：one that founds or establishes

vi. 完败：to fail utterly

flounder ［ˈflaʊndər］vi. 笨拙地行动，挣扎：to proceed or act clumsily

or ineffectually

sunder ［ˈsʌndər］vt. 分裂，分离：to break apart or in two

asunder ［əˈsʌndər］adv. 分离地：apart from each other in position

leer ［lɪr］vi. 一瞥，斜眼看：to cast a sidelong glance

veneer ［vəˈnɪr］vt. 粉饰（不好的东西）：to cover over with a veneer;

especially to conceal （as a defect of character） under a superficial and
deceptive attractiveness

domineer ［ˌdɑːməˈnɪr］vt. 专制统治：to exercise arbitrary or

overbearing control

pioneer ［ˌpaɪəˈnɪr］n. 扩荒者，先驱者：one of the first to settle in a

territory

vt. 开创，创造：to open up （an area） or prepare （a way）

sneer ［snɪr］vt. （轻蔑地）嘲笑：to speak in a scornful, contemptuous,

or derisive manner

peer ［pɪr］n. 同等地位的人，同辈：a person who has equal standing

with others

vi. 好奇地凝视：to look narrowly or curiously

veer ［vɪr］v. （使）转向, （使）改变航线：to change direction or

course

defer ［dɪˈfɜːr］v. 推迟，延期：to put off; postpone; defer

vi. 遵从：to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually
through deference or respect

proffer ［ˈprɑːfər］v./n. 献出，提供：to offer for acceptance; tender

pilfer ［ˈpɪlfər］vt. 偷窃：to steal stealthily in small amounts

meager ［ˈmiːgər］adj. 贫乏的：deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent;

scanty

badger ［ˈbæʤər］vt. 不断纠缠或骚扰：to harass or annoy persistently

swagger ［ˈswægər］vi. 自夸，吹嘘：to boast, brag

harbinger ［ˈhɑːrbɪnʤər］n. 预言者：one that presages or foreshadows

what is to come

linger ［ˈlɪŋgər］vi. 磨蹭，闲荡：to proceed slowly; saunter

malinger ［məˈlɪŋgər］vi. 装病以逃避工作：to pretend or exaggerate

incapacity or illness （as to avoid duty or work）

warmonger ［ˈwɔːrmʌŋgər］n. 好战者：one who urges or attempts to stir

up war

cipher ［ˈsaɪfər］n. 密码：a method of transforming a text in order to

conceal its meaning
 List 21

decipher ［dɪˈsaɪfər］vt. 破译：to read or interpret （ambiguous, obscure,

or illegible matter）

vt. 对…有清晰想法，理解，解读：to have a clear idea of

usher ［ˈʌʃər］v. 开启：to mark or observe the beginning of

weather ［ˈweðər］vt. 安全度过（危机等）, 经受住：to come through

（something） safely

tether ［ˈteðər］vt. （用绳、铁链）拴系，束缚：to fasten or restrain by

or as if by a tether

bellwether ［ˈbelweðə］n. 领导者，带头人：one that takes the lead or

initiative

wither ［ˈwɪðər］vi. 枯萎，凋谢：to become dry and sapless

smother ［ˈsmʌðər］vt. 抑制（表达、说出）, 压制：to refrain from

openly showing or uttering

cavalier ［ˌkævəˈlɪr］n. 有骑士精神的人，彬彬有礼的绅士：one

having the spirit or bearing of a knight; a courtly gentleman
adj. 傲慢的：having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an
overbearing attitude

hanker ［ˈhæŋkər］v./n. 向往，渴望：to have a strong or persistent

desire: yearn

tinker ［ˈtɪŋkər］v. 乱修，乱调整：to handle thought-lessly, ignorantly,

or mischievously

stickler ［ˈstɪklər］n. 坚持细节的人，一丝不苟的人：one who insists

on exactness or completeness in the observance of something

gossamer ［ˈgɑːsəmər］n. 虚无缥缈的东西：something light, delicate, or

insubstantial

adj. 轻薄的；薄弱的：extremely light, delicate, or tenuous

hammer ［ˈhæmər］v. 屡次重申：to make repeated efforts especially: to

reiterate an opinion or attitude

stammer ［ˈstæmər］vi. 口吃，结巴：to speak with involuntary pauses or

repetitions

retainer ［rɪˈteɪnər］n. 家仆：a person attached or owing service to a

household

practitioner ［prækˈtɪʃənər］n. 职业人士：one who practices a profession

taper ［ˈteɪpər］v. 逐渐减少，减弱：to diminish or lessen gradually

damper ［ˈdæmpər］n. 抑制因素：one that deadens, restrains, or

depresses

hamper ［ˈhæmpər］vt. 阻碍：to restrict the movement of by bonds or

obstacles: impede

tamper ［ˈtæmpər］v. 恶意窜改，损害：to handle thought-lessly,

ignorantly, or mischievously

dapper ［ˈdæpər］adj. 衣冠整洁的：being strikingly neat and trim in

style or appearance

deter ［dɪˈtɜːr］vt. 吓住，威慑：to prevent or discourage from acting, as

by means of fear or doubt

teeter ［ˈtiːtər］vi. 蹒跚，不稳定地行走：to move unsteadily: wobble

vi. 犹豫不决：to show uncertainty about the right course of action

perimeter ［pəˈrɪmɪtər］n. 边界，界限：the line or relatively narrow

space that marks the outer limit of something

reconnoiter ［ˌrekəˈnɔɪtə］vt. 侦察，勘查：to make a preliminary

inspection of, especially in order to gather military information
falter ［ˈfɔːltər］vi. 蹒跚：to walk unsteadily

vi. 犹豫，踌躇：to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of courage

or confidence

palter ［ˈpɔːltər］vi. 欺骗；讨价还价：to act insincerely or deceitfully;

haggle, chaffer

welter ［ˈweltər］n. 混乱，动乱：a state of wild disorder

filter ［ˈfɪltər］v. 过滤：to pass through a filter

kilter ［ˈkɪltər］n. 平衡：state of being or fitness

banter ［ˈbæntər］n./v. 幽默、打趣的（地）谈话：good humored,

playful conversation

inter ［ɪnˈtɜːr］vt. 埋葬：to place in a grave or tomb

pointer ［ˈpɔɪntər］n. 忠告，建议：a useful suggestion or hint usually

from an expert

disinter ［ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜːr ］vt. （从墓地里）掘出：to take out of the grave or

tomb

saunter ［ˈsɔːntər］vi. 闲逛，漫步：to travel by foot for exercise or

pleasure
barter ［ˈbɑːrtər］v. 以物换物：to trade （goods or services） without
the exchange of money

fester ［ˈfestər］v. 感染，溃烂，腐烂：to infect, inflame, or corrupt

sequester ［sɪˈkwestər］vt. 使隔绝，分离：to set apart: segregate

bolster ［ˈboʊlstər］n./v. 支撑（物）：a structural part designed to

eliminate friction or provide support or bearing

vt. 鼓励，使有精力：to give a boost to

foster ［ˈfɔːstər］vt. 促进，鼓励，培养：to help the growth or

development of

vt. 养育：to bring to maturity through care and education

filibuster ［ˈfɪlɪbʌstər］n./v. 拖延议事：the use of obstructionist tactics,

especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative
action

bluster ［ˈblʌstər］v. 狂妄自大地大声说：to speak in a loudly arrogant or

bullying manner

n. 喧闹的状态：a state of noisy, confused activity

cluster ［ˈklʌstər］n. 一群人：a usually small number of persons

considered as a unit
fluster ［ˈflʌstər］vt. 使慌乱：to put into a state of agitated confusion

lackluster ［ˈlæklʌstər］adj. 黯淡无光泽的：lacking brightness, luster, or

vitality

flatter ［ˈflætər］vt. 拍马屁，奉承，讨好：to praise excessively

especially from motives of self-interest

fetter ［ˈfetər］vt. 束缚：to restrain from motion, action, or progress

splutter ［ˈsplʌtər］vi. 急切而不清楚地说：to speak hastily and

incoherently, as when confused or angry

mutter ［ˈmʌtər］vi. 低声抱怨：to murmur complainingly or angrily

beleaguer ［bɪˈliːgər］vt. 包围，围攻：to surround （as a fortified

place） with armed forces for the purpose of capturing or preventing
commerce and communication

aver ［əˈvɜːr］v. 声称为真：to state as a fact usually forcefully

palaver ［pəˈlævər］n. 对话，交流：an exchange of views for the

purpose of exploring a subject or deciding an issue

vi. 闲聊：to talk profusely or idly

pushover ［ˈpʊʃoʊvər］n. 容易做的工作;易如反掌的事：something that

is easy to do

maneuver ［məˈnuːvər］vt. 巧妙地操纵：to guide with adroitness and

design or to bring about or secure as a result of skillful management

outmaneuver ［ˌaʊtməˈnuːvər］vt. 以策略取胜：to overcome （an

opponent） by artful, clever maneuvering

cower ［ˈkaʊər］vi. 畏缩：to cringe in fear

glower ［ˈglaʊər］vi. 怒目而视：to look or stare with sullen annoyance or

anger

soothsayer ［ˈsuːθseɪər］n. 预言家：one who predicts future events or

developments

debonair ［ˌdebəˈner］adj. 无忧无虑的，不在乎的：having or showing

freedom from worries or troubles

adj. 风度翩翩的：having or showing very polished and worldly manners

nadir ［ˈneɪdɪr］n. 最低点：the lowest point

belabor ［bɪˈleɪbər］vt. （当众）严厉批评：to criticize harshly and

usually publicly

vt. 就…作过度的说明，喋喋不休：to explain or insist on excessively

harbor ［ˈhɑːrbər］vt. 心怀，牢记：to keep in one's mind or heart

succor ［ˈsʌkər］vt. 救援，援助：to go to the aid of

rancor ［ræŋkər］n. 敌意，深仇：a bitter deep-seated ill will

candor ［ˈkændər］n. 坦白，直率，诚挚：unreserved, honest, or sincere

expression

vendor ［ˈvendər］n. 小贩，商贩：one that sells or vends

ardor ［ˈɑːrdər］n. 狂热：strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal

abhor ［əbˈhɔːr］vt. 深恶痛绝，极度厌恶：to regard with extreme

repugnance

metaphor ［ˈmetəfər］adj. 暗喻：a word or phrase for one thing that is

used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar

anterior ［ænˈtɪriər］adj. 前面的：coming before in time or development

clamor ［ˈklæmər］n. 喧闹，喧哗，噪声：loud, confused, and usually

inharmonious sound

humor ［ˈhjuːmə］vt. 迎合，迁就：to comply with the wishes or ideas of

donor ［ˈdoʊnər］n. 捐赠人，给体：one that gives, donates, or presents
something

torpor ［ˈtɔːrpər］n. 缺乏兴趣：lack of interest or concern

n. （肉体或精神上的）迟钝，懒散：physical or mental inertness

stupor ［ˈstuːpər］n. 迟钝，麻痹，无知觉：a condition of greatly dulled

or completely suspended sense or sensibility

furor ［ˈfjʊrɔːr］n. 喧闹，狂怒；激动，狂热：a general commotion;

public disorder or uproar; a state of intense excitement or ecstasy

censor ［ˈsensər］vt. 审查并删除不良的东西：to examine in order to

suppress or delete anything considered objectionable

precursor ［priːˈkɜːrsər］n. 先驱者，先导：one that precedes and

indicates the approach of another

predecessor ［ˈpredəsesər］n. 前任，先辈：a person who has previously

occupied a position or office to which another has succeeded

intercessor ［ˌɪntərˈsesər］n. 调停者：one that mediates

spectator ［ˈspekteɪtər］n. 观众，目击者，旁观者：one who looks on or

watches
mentor ［ˈmentɔːr］vt. 教导，指导：to give advice and instruction
regarding the course or process to be followed

impostor ［ɪmˈpɑːstər］n. 冒充者，骗子：one that assumes false identity

or title for the purpose of deception

languor ［ˈlæŋgər］n. 懒惰：physical or mental inertness

n. 衰弱：weakness or weariness of body or mind

endeavor ［ɪnˈdevər］n. 努力，奋斗：a conscientious or concerted effort

toward an end

vt. 努力做，拼搏：to devote serious and sustained effort

concur ［kənˈkɜːr］vi. 同意：to express agreement

vi. 同一时间发生、存在：to occur or exist at the same time

vi. 团结合作：to participate or assist in a joint effort to accomplish an end

grandeur ［ˈgrænʤər］n. 宏伟，壮丽：the quality or condition of being

grand; magnificence

poseur ［poʊˈzɜːr］n. 故作姿态、不真诚的人：an affected or insincere

person

connoisseur ［ˌkɑːnəˈsɜːr］n. 鉴赏家（尤指艺术领域）：a person who

enjoys with discrimination and appreciation of subtleties and details especially
in matters of culture or art

n. 专家：a person with a high level of knowledge or skill in a field

hauteur ［hɔːˈtɜːr］n. 傲慢，自大：haughtiness in bearing and attitude;

arrogance

augur ［ˈɔːgər］n. 预言家vt. 预言：to tell of or describe beforehand

blur ［blɜːr］v. （使）变得朦胧, （使）变得不清楚：to（cause sth.

to） become vague or indistinct

vt. 使不易理解：to make （something） unclear to the understanding

slur ［slɜːr］n. 耻辱：a mark of guilt or disgrace

vt. 疏忽，忽略：to slide or slip over without due mention, consideration, or

emphasis

demur ［dɪˈmɜːr］n./vi. 表示异议，反对：to voice opposition; object

murmur ［ˈmɜːrmər］vi. 低声抱怨，发牢骚：to complain in low

mumbling tones; grumble

scour ［ˈskaʊər］vt. 搜查：to look through （as a place） carefully or

thoroughly in an effort to find or discover something

dour ［ˈdaʊər］adj. 严厉的：harsh and threatening in manner or

appearance
misdemeanour ［ˌmɪsdɪˈmiːnər］n. 轻罪：a crime less serious than a
felony

detour ［ˈdiːtʊr］n. 偏离正常标准：a turning away from a course or

standard

spur ［spɜːr］n. 刺激物：something that arouses action or activity

n. 支撑物：a structure that holds up or serves as a foundation for something

else

vt. 刺激，激励：to incite or stimulate

 List 22

fracas ［ˈfreɪkəs］n. 争吵，吵闹：a physical dispute between opposing

individuals or groups; a rough and often noisy fight usually involving several
people

ethics ［ˈeθɪks］n. 道德规范：rules or standards governing the conduct of

a person or the members of a profession

scads ［skædz］n. 许多，大量：a large number or quantity

debris ［dəˈbriː］n. 废墟：discarded or useless material

hubris ［ˈhjuːbrɪs］n. 狂妄自大：exaggerated pride or self-confidence

parenthesis ［pəˈrenθəsɪs］n. 间断：an interruption of continuity; an

interval

synthesis ［ˈsɪnθəsɪs］n. 合成，综合：the combination of parts or

elements so as to form a whole

symbiosis ［ˌsɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs］n. 共生关系：the living together in more or

less intimate association or close union of two dissimilarl
prognosis ［prɑːgˈnoʊsiːz］n. 预兆：a declaration that something will
happen in the future

synopsis ［sɪˈnɑːpsɪs］n. 摘要，概要：a brief outline or general view; an

abstract or a summary

catharsis ［kəˈθɑːrsiːs］n. 情绪的宣泄、释放：elimination of a complex

by bringing it to consciousness and affording it expression

doldrums ［ˈdoʊldrəmz］n. 低迷，中断：a state or period of inactivity,

stagnation, or slump

kudos ［ˈkuːdɑːs］n. 名望，名声：fame and renown resulting from an act

or achievement

n. 夸奖，赞扬：acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement

ethos ［ˈiːθɑːs］n. 道德准则：the code of good conduct for an individual

or group

apropos ［ˌæprəˈpoʊ］adj. 相关的：being both relevant and opportune

prep. 关于，有关：having to do with

jitters ［ˈʤɪtərz］n. 紧张，不安：a sense of panic or extreme

nervousness

encompass ［ɪnˈkʌmpəs］vt. 组成，包含：to constitute or include

surpass ［sərˈpæs］vt. 超越，强于：to become better, greater, or stronger
than

trespass ［ˈtrespəs］vi. 非法侵入；违反，冒犯：to enter unlawfully

upon the land of another; to commit an offense

harass ［ˈhærəs］vt. 烦扰：to irritate or torment persistently

crass ［kræs］adj. 粗俗的，愚钝的：so crude and unrefined as to be in

discrimination and sensibility

embarrass ［ɪmˈbærəs］vt. 使尴尬：to cause to experience a state of self-

conscious distress

canvass ［ˈkænvəs］v. 仔细检查，详尽讨论：to examine carefully or

discuss thoroughly; scrutinize

v. 游说，去（一个地区）的各处或找到（个人）来拉选票或订单：to go
through （a region） or go to （persons） to solicit votes or orders

groundless ［ˈgraʊndləs］adj. 没有依据的：having no basis in reason or

fact

featureless ［ˈfiːtʃərləs］adj. 缺乏特征的：lacking distinguishing

characteristics or features

ruthless ［ˈruːθləs］adj. 没有怜悯心的，残忍的：having no pity

pitiless ［ˈpɪtiləs］adj. 没有同情心的：devoid of or unmoved by pity

feckless ［ˈfekləs］adj. 无成果的，没有价值的：having no real worth or

purpose

adj. 粗心不负责任的：careless and irresponsible

reckless ［ˈrekləs］adj. 不考虑后果的，大胆鲁莽的：careless of

consequences; foolishly adventurous or bold

tactless ［ˈtæktləs］adj. 不机智的，笨拙的：bluntly inconsiderate or

indiscreet

shiftless ［ˈʃɪftləs］adj. 胸无大志的，懒惰的：lacking in ambition or

incentive: lazy

relentless ［rɪˈlentləs］adj. 残酷的，无情的：showing or promising no

abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace

adj. 固执的，不肯妥协的：showing no signs of slackening or yielding in

one's purpose

bootless ［ˈbuːtləs］adj. 无用的：useless, unprofitable, futile

restless ［ˈrestləs］adj. 不平静的：marked by or causing a lack of quiet,

repose, or rest

drollness ［ˈdroʊlnəs］n. 搞笑，逗逼：the amusing quality or element in

something

harness ［ˈhɑːrnɪs］vt. 利用：utilize

regress ［rɪˈgres］vi. 退化，恶化：to become worse or of less value

digress ［daɪˈgres］v. 脱离主题：to turn aside especially from the main

subject of attention or course of argument

transgress ［trænzˈgres］vt. 违背；犯错：to fail to keep; to commit an

offense

repress ［rɪˈpres］vt. 镇压：to put down by force, usually before total

control has been lost; quell

vt. 阻止（正常的表达、活动或发展等）：to prevent the natural or normal

expression, activity, or development of

compress ［kəmˈpres］vt. 压缩（体积）：to reduce in size or volume as

if by squeezing

suppress ［səˈpres］vt. 用暴力终止，镇压：to put a stop

to（something） by the use of force

v. 封锁，删除：to put a stop to（something） by the use of force

buttress ［ˈbʌtrɪs］vt. 为…提供支撑的证据或者信息：to provide

evidence or information for （as a claim or idea）
obsess ［əbˈses］vt. 迷住；使困扰：to haunt or excessively preoccupy the
mind of

assess ［əˈses］v. 评估（重要性、尺寸、价值等）：to determine the

importance, size, or value of

v. 征收费用（如罚款）：to establish or apply as a charge or penalty

prowess ［ˈpraʊəs］n. 英勇，勇敢：superior strength, courage, or daring,

especially in battle

bliss ［blɪs］n. 极度快乐：extreme happiness; ecstasy

remiss ［rɪˈmɪs］adj. 疏忽的，不留心的：exhibiting carelessness or

slackness

emboss ［ɪmˈbɔːs］vt. 装饰：to raise the surface of into bosses; especially

to ornament with raised work

gloss ［glɑːs］n. 简短解释：a brief explanation of a difficult or obscure

word or expression

v. 敷衍潦草做事（甚至忽略）：to deal with （a subject or problem） too

lightly or not at all

engross ［ɪnˈgroʊs］vt. 使全神贯注：to occupy exclusively

syllabus ［ˈsɪləbəs］n. 提纲，摘要；课文、演讲或研究课题的概要或

提纲：an outline or a summary of the main points of a text, lecture, or course
of study

exodus ［ˈeksədəs］n. 大批离去：a mass departure

bogus ［ˈboʊgəs］adj. 伪造的，假冒的：being such in appearance only

and made or manufactured with the intention of committing fraud

nonplus ［ˌnɑːnˈplʌs］vt. 使迷惑，使困窘：to put at a loss as to what to

say, think, or do: perplex

animus ［ˈænɪməs］n. 敌意：a usually prejudiced and often spiteful or

malevolent ill will, enmity

terminus ［ˈtɜːrmɪnəs］n. 终点，终点站：the final point; the end

viscous ［ˈvɪskəs］adj. 粘稠的，粘的：viscid; sticky

tremendous ［trəˈmendəs］adj. 极大的：unusually large

hideous ［ˈhɪdiəs］adj. 非常丑陋的：exceedingly ugly

outrageous ［aʊtˈreɪʤəs］adj. 过分的，难以容忍的：exceeding the

limits of what is normal or tolerable

adj. 极坏的，极可怕的：enormously or flagrantly bad or horrible

extraneous ［ɪkˈstreɪniəs］adj. 无关的，不重要的：having no relevance

spontaneous ［spɑːnˈteɪniəs］adj. 自发的，不经思索的：acting or

activated without apparent thought or deliberation

courteous ［ˈkɜːrtiəs］adj. 礼貌的，谦恭有礼的：marked by polished

manners, gallantry, or ceremonial usage of a court

analogous ［əˈnæləgəs］adj. 相似的，可比较的：having qualities in

common

amorphous ［əˈmɔːrfəs］adj. 无固定形状的：having no definite form:

shapeless

dubious ［ˈduːbiəs］adj. 充满不定性的，值得怀疑的：giving rise to

uncertainty; questionable or suspect as to true nature or quality

efficacious ［ˌefɪˈkeɪʃəs］adj. 有效的：having the power to produce a

desired effect

perspicacious ［ˌpɜːrspɪˈkeɪʃəs］adj. 极敏锐的，有洞察力的：having or

showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted

mendacious ［menˈdeɪʃəs］adj. 撒谎的，虚假的：telling or containing

lies

audacious ［ɔːˈdeɪʃəs］adj. 大胆的, （但往往）愚勇的：fearlessly, often

recklessly daring; bold

fallacious ［fəˈleɪʃəs］adj. 谬误的，不合逻辑的：containing or based on

a fallacy

contumacious ［ˌkɑːntuˈmeɪʃəs］adj. 不服从的，倔强的：stubbornly

disobedient; rebellious

tenacious ［təˈneɪʃəs］adj. 顽固的，不屈不挠的：persistent in

maintaining something valued or habitual

pertinacious ［ˌpɜːrtnˈeɪʃəs］adj. 顽固的，固执地坚持的：sticking to an

opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or
persuasion

rapacious ［rəˈpeɪʃəs］adj. 贪婪的：excessively grasping or covetous

veracious ［vəˈreɪʃəs］adj. 诚实的，说实话的：being in the habit of

telling the truth

voracious ［vəˈreɪʃəs］adj. 有很大食量的，贪吃的：having a huge

appetite

adj. 贪婪的，如饥似渴的：having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an

activity or pursuit

loquacious ［ləˈkweɪʃəs］adj. 话多的：given to fluent or excessive talk

vivacious ［vɪˈveɪʃəs］adj. 活泼的，快活的：lively in temper, conduct,
or spirit

specious ［ˈspiːʃəs］adj. 似是而非的，欺骗性的：having a false look of

truth or genuineness

judicious ［ʤuˈdɪʃəs］adj. 明智的，慎重的：having or exhibiting sound

judgment; prudent

officious ［əˈfɪʃəs］adj. 多管闲事的：thrusting oneself where one is not

welcome or invited

malicious ［məˈlɪʃəs］adj. 恶意的：given to, marked by, or arising from

malice; deliberately harmful

pernicious ［pərˈnɪʃəs］adj. 有害的：highly injurious or destructive

auspicious ［ɔːˈspɪʃəs］adj. 好兆头的：pointing toward a happy outcome

meretricious ［ˌmerəˈtrɪʃəs］adj. 艳俗的，俗气的：attracting attention in

a vulgar manner

vicious ［ˈvɪʃəs］adj. 凶恶的，恶毒的：having or showing the desire to

inflict severe pain and suffering on others

precocious ［prɪˈkoʊʃəs］adj. 早熟的：occurring before the usual or

expected time
ferocious ［fəˈroʊʃəs］adj. 激烈的，爆发性的：marked by bursts of
destructive force or intense activity

adj. 凶猛的，残暴的：violently unfriendly or aggressive in disposition

atrocious ［əˈtroʊʃəs］adj. 极坏的，极其残忍的：extremely wicked,

brutal, or cruel

tedious ［ˈtiːdiəs］adj. 冗长乏味的：tiresome because of length or

dullness: boring

fastidious ［fæˈstɪdiəs］adj. 挑剔的，极仔细的，追求完美

的：possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to detail

invidious ［ɪnˈvɪdiəs］adj. 惹人反感的：tending to cause discontent,

animosity, or envy

adj. 羡慕嫉妒恨的：having or showing mean resentment of another's

possessions or advantages

commodious ［kəˈmoʊdiəs］adj. 宽敞舒适的：comfortably or

conveniently spacious: roomy

contagious ［kənˈteɪʤəs］adj. 传染的：communicable by contact;

catching

adj. （情绪等）唤起共鸣的：exciting a similar feeling or reaction in others

prodigious ［prəˈdɪʤəs］adj. 巨大的：impressively great in size, force, or
extent; enormous

adj. 惊人的，了不起的：causing wonder or astonishment

supercilious ［ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs］adj. 高傲的，傲慢的：feeling or showing

haughty disdain

punctilious ［pʌŋkˈtɪliəs］adj. 注意细节的，一丝不苟的：strictly

attentive to minute details of form in action or conduct

abstemious ［əbˈstiːmiəs］adj. （吃喝等）有节制的，节俭的：marked

by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol, sparing
 List 23

ingenious ［ɪnˈʤiːniəs］adj. 聪明的，有创造才能的：marked by

originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in conception or execution

euphonious ［juːˈfoʊniəs］adj. 悦耳的：pleasing or agreeable to the ear

ceremonious ［ˌserəˈmoʊniəs］adj. 讲究礼节的，庄重的：marked by or

showing careful attention to set forms and details

acrimonious ［ˌækrɪˈmoʊniəs］adj. 刻薄的，充满仇恨的：having or

showing deep-seated resentment

parsimonious ［ˌpɑːrsəˈmoʊniəs］n. 过度节俭的，吝啬的：frugal to the

point of stinginess

sanctimonious ［ˌsæŋktɪˈmoʊniəs］adj. 假装虔诚的：hypocritically

pious or devout

harmonious ［hɑːrˈmoʊniəs］adj. 和谐一致的：having the parts

agreeably related

impecunious ［ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs］adj. 贫穷的：having very little or no

money
pious ［ˈpaɪəs］adj. （信仰上）虔诚的：marked by or showing
reverence for deity and devotion to divine worship

impious ［ˈɪmpiəs］adj. 不敬神的：lacking reverence for holy or sacred

matters

copious ［ˈkoʊpiəs］adj. 丰富的，大量的：large inquantity; abundant

precarious ［prɪˈkeriəs］adj. 危险的，不稳定的：danger-ously lacking

in security or stability

adj. 可疑的，不明确的：dependent on uncertain premises

vicarious ［vaɪˈkeriəs］adj. 代理的，取代的：performed or suffered by

one person as a substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another

nefarious ［nɪˈferiəs］adj. 极坏的，邪恶的：flagrantly wicked or

impious

multifarious ［ˌmʌltɪˈferiəs］adj. 多种多样的：being of many and

various kinds

gregarious ［grɪˈgeriəs］adj. 爱社交的：likely to seek or enjoy the

company of others

adj. 群居的：tending to group with others of the same kind

hilarious ［hɪˈleriəs］adj. 非常好笑的：marked by or causing hilarity:

extremely funny

opprobrious ［əˈproʊbriəs］adj. 辱骂的：expressing contemptuous

reproach; scornful or abusive

adj. 臭名昭著的，令人鄙视的：bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous

lugubrious ［ləˈguːbriəs］adj. （故作夸张的）悲哀的：mournful,

dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated or ludicrous degree

salubrious ［səˈluːbriəs］adj. 有益健康的：favorable to or promoting

health or well-being

imperious ［ɪmˈpɪriəs］adj. 傲慢的，专横的：arrogantly domineering or

overbearing

deleterious ［ˌdeləˈtɪriəs］adj. 有害的：harmful often in a subtle or

unexpected way

laborious ［ləˈbɔːriəs］adj. 勤奋的：hard-working; industrious

adj. 费力的：marked by or requiring long, hard work

industrious ［ɪnˈdʌstriəs］adj. 勤勉的：constantly, regularly, or

habitually occupied, diligent

illustrious ［ɪˈlʌstriəs］adj. 著名的，杰出的：well known and very

distinguished
spurious ［ˈspjʊriəs］adj. 假的，伪造的：lacking authenticity or validity
in essence or origin; not genuine

luxurious ［lʌgˈʒʊriəs］adj. 奢侈的：given to or marked by excessive

gratification of one's desires

ostentatious ［ˌɑːstenˈteɪʃəs］adj. 炫耀卖弄的：marked by or fond of

conspicuous or vain glorious and sometimes pretentious display

fractious ［ˈfrækʃəs］adj. 难以管束的：tending to be troublesome; unruly

rambunctious ［ræmˈbʌŋkʃəs］adj. 喧闹的，骚乱的：being rough or

noisy in a high-spirited way

facetious ［fəˈsiːʃəs］adj. 喜欢开玩笑的，轻浮的：joking or jesting

often inappropriately

seditious ［sɪˈdɪʃəs］adj. 煽动性的，意在制造混乱的：tending to excite

political disorder or insurrection

propitious ［prəˈpɪʃəs］adj. 吉祥的：favorably disposed: pointing toward

a happy outcome

fictitious ［fɪkˈtɪʃəs］adj. 虚构的：not real and existing only in the

imagination

repetitious ［ˌrepəˈtɪʃəs］adj. 重复的，反复的：repeated many times and

therefore boring

adventitious ［ˌædvenˈtɪʃəs］adj. 外来的，后天的，非内在的：coming

from another source and not inherent or innate

surreptitious ［ˌsɜːrəpˈtɪʃəs］adj. 偷偷摸摸的，保密的：undertaken or

done so as to escape being observed or known by others

licentious ［laɪˈsenʃəs］adj. 放荡的，性欲强的：lacking legal or moral

restraints; having a strong sexual, desire

tendentious ［tenˈdenʃəs］adj. 有偏见的：marked by a tendency in favor

of a particular point of view: biased

conscientious ［ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs］adj. 仔细的，一丝不苟的：taking,

showing, or involving great care and effort

adj. 有良心的，正直的：governed by or conforming to the dictates of

conscience

unpretentious ［ˌʌnprɪˈtenʃəs］adj. 低调的，谦逊的：lacking pretension

or affectation; modest

adj. 坦诚的，自然的：free from any intent to deceive or impress others

contentious ［kənˈtenʃəs］adj. 引起争论的：likely to cause contention;

argumentative

adj. 好争论的，好战的：exhibiting an perverse and wearisome tendency to

quarrels and disputes

captious ［ˈkæpʃəs］adj. 吹毛求疵的，爱挑毛病的：marked by an often

ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections

bumptious ［ˈbʌmpʃəs］adj. 专横傲慢的，自以为是的：having a feeling

of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude

obsequious ［əbˈsiːkwiəs］adj. 谄媚的，奴性的：marked by or

exhibiting a fawning attentiveness

devious ［ˈdiːviəs］adj. 狡猾的：willing to lie and trick people in order to

get what is wanted

oblivious ［əˈblɪviəs］adj. 不知道的，不知情的：lacking conscious

awareness; not informed about or aware of something

impervious ［ɪmˈpɜːrviəs］adj. 不可渗透的，不可穿透的：not allowing

entrance or passage

adj. 不能被破坏的：not capable of being damaged or harmed

adj. 不为所动的：not capable of being affected or disturbed

noxious ［ˈnɑːkʃəs］adj. 有害的，有毒的：harmful to living things;

injurious to health

adj. 产生强烈厌恶的：causing intense displeasure, disgust, or resentment

scandalous ［ˈskændələs］adj. 引起反感的，丢脸的：causing intense
displeasure, disgust, or resentment

anomalous ［əˈnɑːmələs］adj. 不普通的，不平常的：being out of the

ordinary

libelous ［ˈlaɪbələs］adj. 恶意中伤的，诽谤的：constituting or including

a libel; defamatory

perilous ［ˈperələs］adj. 危险的：involving potential loss or injury

scurrilous ［ˈskɜːrələs］adj. 说粗话的：given to the use of vulgar, coarse,

or abusive language

callous ［ˈkæləs］adj. 无同情心的，冷漠的：emotionally hardened;

unfeeling

frivolous ［ˈfrɪvələs］adj. 轻浮的：marked by unbecoming levity

adj. 不重要的：of little weight or importance

fabulous ［ˈfæbjələs］adj. 幻想中的，不真实的：not real and existing

only in the imagination

adj. 极好的：extremely pleasing or successful

nebulous ［ˈnebjələs］adj. 模糊的：indistinct, vague

meticulous ［məˈtɪkjələs］adj. 极为谨慎的：marked by extreme or
excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details

credulous ［ˈkreʤələs］adj. 轻信的，易受骗的：disposed to believe too

readily; gullible

sedulous ［ˈseʤələs］adj. 勤奋认真的：involving or accomplished with

careful perseverance

scrupulous ［ˈskruːpjələs］adj. 正直的：guided by or in accordance with

one's sense of right and wrong; principled

adj. 一丝不苟的：taking, showing, or involving great care and effort

querulous ［ˈkwerələs］adj. 抱怨的，爱发牢骚的：habitually

complaining

garrulous ［ˈgærələs］adj. 啰嗦的，话多得令人厌烦的：given to

excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative

infamous ［ˈɪnfəməs］adj. 臭名昭著的：having an extremely and

deservedly bad reputation

pusillanimous ［ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs］adj. 懦弱的，胆小得令人鄙视

的：lacking courage and resolution, marked by contemptible timidity

unanimous ［juˈnænɪməs］adj. 一致同意的：having the agreement and

consent of all
anonymous ［əˈnɑːnɪməs］adj. 匿名的：not named or identified

synonymous ［sɪˈnɑːnɪməs］adj. 同义的：having the same or a similar

meaning

diaphanous ［daɪˈæfənəs］adj. 模糊的；非实在的：vague or

insubstantial

adj. （质地精致得）几乎透明的：of such fine texture as to be transparent

or translucent

indigenous ［ɪnˈdɪʤənəs］adj. 土产的，本地的：originating and living

or occurring naturally in an area or environment

adj. 与生俱来的，先天的：being a part of the innermost nature of a person

or thing

ravenous ［ˈrævənəs］adj. 食量大的，贪食的；贪婪的：having a huge

appetite; greedy for gratification

heinous ［ˈheɪnəs］adj. 可憎的，十恶不赦的：hatefully or shockingly

evil, abominable

ominous ［ˈɑːmɪnəs］adj. 凶兆的：of or being an omen, especially an evil

one

luminous ［ˈluːmɪnəs］adj. 杰出的，重要的：standing above others in

rank, importance, or achievement
voluminous ［vəˈluːmɪnəs］adj. 卷数多的，大量的，庞大的：having
great volume, fullness, size, or number

numinous ［ˈnuːmɪnəs］adj. 神秘的，超自然的：having supernatural

and mysterious qualities or powers

glutinous ［ˈgluːtənəs］adj. 胶状的，粘的：of the nature of or

resembling glue

synchronous ［ˈsɪŋkrənəs］adj. 同时期的，同步的：having identical

period and phase

monotonous ［məˈnɑːtənəs］adj. 无聊的：tediously uniform or unvarying

pompous ［ˈpɑːmpəs］adj. 浮夸的：excessively elevated or ornate

adj. 傲慢的：having or exhibiting self-importance

barbarous ［ˈbɑːrbərəs］adj. 野蛮的，凶残的：mercilessly harsh or

cruel

ludicrous ［ˈluːdɪkrəs］adj. 荒唐的，可笑的：meriting derisive laughter

or scorn as absurdly inept, false, or foolish

ponderous ［ˈpɑːndərəs］adj. 沉重的：of very great weight

vociferous ［voʊˈsɪfərəs］adj. 喧哗的，大叫大嚷的：making, given to,

or marked by noisy and vehement outcry

treacherous ［ˈtretʃərəs］adj. 背叛的：marked by betrayal of fidelity,

confidence, or trust

cantankerous ［kænˈtæŋkərəs］adj. 脾气不好的：having or showing a

habitually bad temper

onerous ［ˈɑːnərəs］adj. 费时间花心思的：requiring much time, effort,

or careful attention

obstreperous ［əbˈstrepərəs］adj. 不听话的，任性的：stubbornly

resistant to control; unruly; given to resisting authority or another's control

prosperous ［ˈprɑːspərəs］adj. 成功的，繁盛的：marked by vigorous

growth and well-being especially economically

boisterous ［ˈbɔɪstərəs］adj. 喧嚷的，吵闹的：noisily turbulent

preposterous ［prɪˈpɑːstərəs］adj. 荒谬的，不符合常理的：contrary to

nature, reason, or common sense

dexterous ［ˈdekstrəs］adj. 动作灵活的：ready and skilled in physical

movements

adj. 头脑灵活的：mentally adroit and skillful: clever

chivalrous ［ˈʃɪvlrəs］adj. 有骑士风度的, （尤指对女性）彬彬有礼

的：marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration（especially
to women）

decorous ［ˈdekərəs］adj. 得体端正的：following the established

traditions of refined society and good tast

indecorous ［ɪnˈdekərəs］adj. 不合乎礼节的，不得体的：conflicting

with accepted standards of good conduct or good taste

malodorous ［ˌmælˈoʊdərəs］adj. 恶臭的：having an unpleasant smell

vigorous ［ˈvɪgərəs］adj. 精力旺盛的：having active strength of body or

mind

dolorous ［ˈdoʊlərəs］adj. 忧伤的：causing, marked by, or expressing

misery or grief

glamorous ［ˈglæmərəs］adj. 迷人的：having an often mysterious or

magical power to attract
 List 24

timorous ［ˈtɪmərəs］adj. 胆小的：of a timid disposition: fearful

sonorous ［ˈsɑːnərəs］adj. 声音洪亮的：marked by conspicuously full

and rich sounds or tones

porous ［ˈpɔːrəs］adj. 多孔可渗透的：admitting the passage of gas or

liquid through pores or interstices

lustrous ［ˈlʌstrəs］adj. 有光泽的：having a shiny surface or finish

covetous ［ˈkʌvətəs］adj. 贪婪的，渴求财富的：marked by inordinate

desire for wealth or possessions or for another's possessions

infelicitous ［ɪnfɪˈlɪsɪtəs］adj. 不愉快的，不幸的：not happy;

unfortunate

adj. 不适当的，不合时宜的：not appropriate or well-timed

solicitous ［səˈlɪsɪtəs］adj. 为他人操心的，体谅他人的：given to or

made with heedful anticipation of the needs and happiness of others

duplicitous ［djuːˈplɪsɪtəs］adj. 两面派的，奸诈的：given to or marked

by cheating and deception
precipitous ［prɪˈsɪpɪtəs］adj. 非常陡峭的：very steep, perpendicular, or
overhanging in rise or fall

adj. 匆忙的：acting or done with excessive or careless speed

circuitous ［sərˈkjuːɪtəs］adj. 迂回的，不直接的：not being forthright or

direct in language or action

ubiquitous ［juːˈbɪkwɪtəs］adj. 无所不在的，普通的：being everywhere

at the same time; often observed or encountered

gratuitous ［grəˈtuːɪtəs］adj. 无根据的，无理由的：unnecessary or

unwarranted

adj. 无报酬的，免费的：given or granted without return or recompense

momentous ［moʊˈmentəs］adj. 极重要的：of utmost importance; of

outstanding significance or consequence

portentous ［pɔːrˈtentəs］adj. 预兆性的，凶兆的：being or showing a

sign of evil or calamity to come

vacuous ［ˈvækjuəs］adj. 茫然的，愚蠢的：marked by lack of ideas or

intelligence

conspicuous ［kənˈspɪkjuəs］adj. 显而易见的；吸引人的：obvious to

the eye or mind; attracting attention
innocuous ［ɪˈnɑːkjuəs］adj. 无害的：producing no injury

adj. 乏味的，不会引起敌意的：not likely to give offense or to arouse

strong feelings or hostility

assiduous ［əˈsɪʤuəs］adj. 勤勉的，专心仔细的：marked by careful

unremitting attention or persistent application; busy

arduous ［ˈɑːrʤuəs］adj. 难以做到的，费劲的：hard to accomplish or

achieve: difficult

ambiguous ［æmˈbɪgjuəs］adj. 不确定的：open to more than one

interpretation; doubtful or uncertain

contiguous ［kənˈtɪgjuəs］adj. 接壤的，相邻的：sharing an edge or

boundary; touching

mellifluous ［meˈlɪfluəs］adj. （曲调）优美的：smooth and sweet

superfluous ［suːˈpɜːrfluəs］adj. 多余的，过剩的：exceeding what is

sufficient or necessary

ingenuous ［ɪnˈʤenjuəs］adj. 天真淳朴的：lacking in cunning, guile, or

worldliness

disingenuous ［ˌdɪsɪnˈʤenjuəs］adj. 不真诚的，假惺惺的：not truly

honest or sincere
strenuous ［ˈstrenjuəs］adj. 有活力的：vigorously active

adj. 艰巨的，费力的：requiring considerable physical or mental effort

tenuous ［ˈtenjuəs］adj. 没有实际内容的，空洞的：having little

substance; flimsy

sinuous ［ˈsɪnjuəs］adj. 蜿蜒的，迂回的：marked by a long series of

irregular curves; not direct

fatuous ［ˈfætʃuəs］adj. 愚笨的，昏庸的：complacently or inanely

foolish

unctuous ［ˈʌŋktʃuəs］adj. 油嘴滑舌的，谄媚的：overly or insincerely

flattering

impetuous ［ɪmˈpetʃuəs］adj. 冲动的，性急的，轻率的：marked by

impulsive vehemence or passion

sumptuous ［ˈsʌmptʃuəs］adj. 豪华的，奢侈的：extremely costly, rich,

luxurious, or magnificent

presumptuous ［prɪˈzʌmptʃuəs］adj. 傲慢的：having a feeling of

superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude

voluptuous ［vəˈlʌptʃuəs］adj. 奢侈逸乐的，沉溺酒色的：given to or

spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications
virtuous ［ˈvɜːrtʃuəs］adj. 品德高尚的，正直的：having or showing
virtue, especially moral excellence

tortuous ［ˈtɔːrtʃuəs］adj. 转弯抹角的：marked by devious or indirect

tactics: crooked, tricky

tempestuous ［temˈpestʃuəs］adj. 突然的，剧烈的：marked by sudden or

violent disturbance

mischievous ［ˈmɪstʃɪvəs］adj. 调皮的，淘气的：playful in a naughty or

teasing way

consensus ［kənˈsensəs］n. 一致同意：general agreement; unanimity

detritus ［dɪˈtraɪtəs］n. 废品，碎屑，遗骸：a product of disintegration,

destruction, or wearing away: debris

nexus ［ˈneksəs］n. 连结：a means of connection

n. 核心，最重要的地带：a thing or place that is of greatest importance to an

activity or interest

offbeat ［ˌɔːfˈbiːt］adj. 不平常的：noticeably different from what is

generally found or experienced

upbeat ［ˈʌpbiːt］adj. 心情好的：having or showing a good mood or

disposition
adj. 给人希望的，象征好运的：having qualities which inspire hope

browbeat ［ˈbraʊbiːt］vt. 恐吓：to intimidate by a stern manner or

arrogant speech: bully

entreat ［ɪnˈtriːt］vt. 恳求：to plead with especially in order to persuade,

ask urgently

caveat ［ˈkæviæt］n. 警告，告诫：a warning of a specific limitation of

something such as information or an agreement

éclat ［eɪˈklæ］n. 辉煌成就：brilliant or conspicuous success

turncoat ［ˈtɜːrnkoʊt］n. 叛徒：one who switches to an opposing side or

party; specifically: traitor

gloat ［gloʊt］vi. 幸灾乐祸，自鸣得意：a feeling of great, often

malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction

spat ［spæt］n. （小的）争吵：a brief petty quarrel or angry outburst

squat ［skwɑːt］adj. 又矮又胖的：being compact and broad in build and

often short in stature

enact ［ɪˈnækt］vt. 制定或颁布（法律）：to establish by legal and

authoritative act
detract ［dɪˈtrækt］vt. 贬低，降低价值：to diminish the importance,
value, or effectiveness of something

vt. 使分心：to draw the attention or mind to something else

retract ［rɪˈtrækt］vt. 收回，否认：to take back

contract ［ˈkɑːntrækt］n. 契约，合同：a binding agreement between two

or more persons or parties, especially one that is written and enforceable by
law

［kənˈtrækt］v. 收缩：to reduce in size by drawing together; shrink

v. 感染疾病：to become affected by a disease or disorder

protract ［prəˈtrækt］vt. 延长，拖长：to draw out or lengthen in time;

prolong

abstract ［æbˈstrækt］vt. 做总结，概括：to make an abstract of,

summarize

vt. 使分心：to draw away the attention of

distract ［dɪˈstrækt］vt. 转移（注意力）, 使分心：to draw or direct （as

one's attention） to a different object

extract ［ɪkˈstrækt］vt. 用力拔出：to pull or take out forcibly

tact ［tækt］n. 机敏，精明，不冒犯：a keen sense of what to do or say

in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense

disinfect ［ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt］vt. 消毒，使无菌：to free from infection

especially by destroying harmful microorganisms

abject ［ˈæbʤekt］adj. （地位、身份）悲惨、凄凉的：sunk to or

existing in a low state or condition

adj. 卑微的，讨好的：expressing or offered in a humble and often

ingratiating spirit

subject ［ˈsʌbʤekt］adj. 取决于（其他因素）的，受制于：contingent

on or under the influence of some later action

deject ［dɪˈʤekt］vt. 使沮丧：to lower the spirits of; dishearten

project vt. 预测，预计：to calculate, estimate, or predict （something in the

future）, based on present data or trends

deflect ［dɪˈflekt］vt. 使偏斜，使转向：to turn aside especially from a

straight course or fixed direction

reflect ［rɪˈflekt］vt. 反映，显露：to make manifest or apparent: show

vi. 思考：to think seriously

aspect ［ˈæspekt］n. 外表，容貌：appearance to the eye or mind

circumspect ［ˈsɜːrkəmspekt］adj. 谨慎的，小心的：careful to consider
all circumstances and possible consequences: prudent

prospect ［ˈprɑːspekt］v. 探查，勘探：to go into or range over for

purposes of discovery

resurrect ［ˌrezəˈrekt］vt. 使重生，使复苏：to bring back to life,

practice, or activity

dissect ［dɪˈsekt］vt. 仔细分析：to examine, analyze, or criticize in

minute detail

contradict ［ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt］vt. 否认，反驳；与…相矛盾：to assert the

contrary of; to imply the opposite or a denial of

addict ［əˈdɪkt］v. 沉溺，上瘾：to devote or surrender （oneself） to

something habitually or obsessively

［ˈædɪkt］n. 对某事上瘾的人：a person with a strong and habitual liking

for something

indict ［ɪnˈdaɪt］vt. 起诉，控告：to accuse of wrongdoing; charge

interdict ［ˈɪntərdɪkt］vt. 禁止：to forbid in a usually formal or

authoritative manner

derelict ［ˈderəlɪkt］adj. 玩忽职守的，不认真的：lacking a sense of

duty; marked by a carelessly easy manner

evict ［ɪˈvɪkt］vt. 赶出，逐出：to put out （a tenant, for example） by

legal process; expel

sacrosanct ［ˈsækroʊsæŋkt］adj. 极为神圣的，不可侵犯的：most

sacred or holy

succinct ［səkˈsɪŋkt］adj. 简明的，简洁的：characterized by clear,

precise expression in few words

extinct ［ɪkˈstɪŋkt］adj. 灭绝的：no longer existing or living

adjunct ［ˈæʤʌŋkt］n. 附属物，非必须部分：something joined or

added to another thing but not essentially a part of it

concoct ［kənˈkɑːkt］v. 捏造，编造：to invent or develop especially in

order to deceive someone

obstruct ［əbˈstrʌkt］vt. 妨碍，给…制造困难：to impede, retard, or

interfere with; hinder; to create difficulty for the work or activity of

construct ［kənˈstrʌkt］vt. 建造，建立：to form by assembling or

combining parts

vt. 创造，想出：to create or think of by clever use of the imagination

abet ［əˈbet］v. 鼓励：to actively encourage （as an activity or plan）

dulcet ［ˈdʌlsɪt］adj. 悦耳的，令人愉悦的：pleasing to the ear;
melodious; generally pleasing or agreeable

fleet ［fliːt］adj. 迅速的：moving, proceeding, or acting with great speed

meet ［miːt］adj. 合适的：precisely adapted to a particular situation, need,

or circumstance: very proper

discreet ［dɪˈskriːt］adj. （言行）谨慎的：having or showing good

judgment and restraint especially in conduct or speech

cachet ［kæˈʃeɪ］n. 同意：an indication of approval carrying great prestige

n. 威望，声望：prestige; a mark or quality, as of distinction, individuality, or

authenticity

epithet ［ˈepɪθet］n. 外号，绰号：a descriptive or familiar name given

instead of or in addition to the one belonging to an individual; a disparaging or
abusive word or phrase

whet ［wet］vt. 磨快：to sharpen by rubbing on or with something （as a

stone）

plummet ［ˈplʌmɪt］vi. 突然下降：to decline suddenly and steeply

gourmet ［ˈgʊrmeɪ］n. 美食家：a connoisseur of food and drink

martinet ［ˌmɑːrtnˈet］n. 纪律严明之人：a strict disciplinarian

trumpet ［ˈtrʌmpɪt］v. 大声说出或宣告：to make known openly or

publicly

beset ［bɪˈset］vt. 使苦恼，骚扰：to cause persistent suffering to

vt. 攻击，袭击：to set upon

onset ［ˈɑːnset］n. 起始，开始：the point at which something begins

cosset ［ˈkɑːsɪt］vt. 宠爱：to treat as a pet; pamper

 List 25

outset ［ˈaʊtset］n. 开端，开始：beginning, start

daft ［dæft］adj. 不明智的：showing or marked by a lack of good sense

or judgment

graft ［græft］vt. 移植，移接：to implant （living tissue） surgically or

as if surgically

waft ［wɑːft］v. 飘荡，漂浮：to float easily and gently, as on the air

deft ［deft］adj. 灵巧的，熟练的：characterized by facility and skill

rift ［rɪft］n. 分裂，不和：a break in friendly relations

vt. 使开裂：to cause to split open or break

spendthrift ［ˈspendθrɪft］n. 挥霍者，败家子：a person who spends

improvidently or wastefully

adj. 挥霍的，不节俭的：given to spending money freely or foolishly

sift ［ˈsɪft］v. 审查：to examine and sort carefully

aloft ［əˈlɔːft］adv. 在空中：in the air especially: inflight （as in an
airplane）

blight ［blaɪt］v. （使）枯萎：to affect （as a plant） with blight

v. 损害：to impair the quality or effect of

plight ［plaɪt］n. 困境：a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one

slight ［slaɪt］adj. 不重要的：deficient in weight, importance

vt. 轻蔑，看不起：to treat with disdain or indifference

vt. 忽略，疏忽：to fail to give proper attention to

forthright ［ˈfɔːrθraɪt］adj. 直率的，说话率真的：free in expressing

one's true feelings and opinions

adj. 直接的，不绕弯子的：free from ambiguity or evasiveness: going

straight to the point

airtight ［ˈertaɪt］adj. 无瑕疵的：having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or

loophole

fraught ［frɔːt］adj. 充满的：full of or accompanied by something

distraught ［dɪˈstrɔːt］adj. 精神狂乱的，极疯狂的：deeply agitated, as

from emotional conflict; insane
overwrought ［ˌoʊvərˈrɔːt］adj. 十分激动的，非常不安的：being in a
state of increased activity or agitation

adj. （装饰、文风等）过分华丽的：elaborately and often excessively

decorated

bait ［beɪt］vt. 引诱：to lead away from a usual or proper course by

offering some pleasure or advantage

n. 诱饵：something （as food） used in luring especially to a hook or trap

tacit ［ˈtæsɪt］adj. 暗示的：implied or indicated （as by an act or by

silence） but not actually expressed

elicit ［iˈlɪsɪt］vt. 激起，唤起：to draw forth or bring out

implicit ［ɪmˈplɪsɪt］adj. 不言而喻的，心照不宣的：capable of being

understood from something else though unexpressed

explicit ［ɪkˈsplɪsɪt］adj. 表达清晰的：fully revealed or expressed

without vagueness, implication, or ambiguity

adj. 成熟的，完全形成的：fully developed or formulated

credit ［ˈkredɪt］n. 信任，信赖：mental conviction of the truth of some

statement or the reality of some being or phenomenon

n. 表扬，赞扬：public acknowledgment or admiration for an achievement

discredit ［dɪsˈkredɪt］vt. 羞辱，使丧失名誉：to damage in reputation;
disgrace

vt. 怀疑，不相信：to think not to be true or real

pundit ［ˈpʌndɪt］n. 权威人士，专家：a person who gives opinions in an

authoritative manner usually through the mass media

counterfeit ［ˈkaʊntərfɪt］adj. 仿制的，假冒的：made in imitation of

something else with intent to deceive

vt. 仿制：to make a fraudulent replica of

forfeit ［ˈfɔːrfət］n. 罚金：a sum of money to be paid as a punishment

surfeit ［ˈsɜːrfɪt］v./n. （使）过量, （使）饮食过度：to feed or supply

to excess

discomfit ［dɪsˈkʌmfɪt］vt. 使尴尬：to put into a state of perplexity and

embarrassment

vt. 阻碍：to prevent from achieving a goal

flit ［flɪt］vi. 快速或突然地经过：to pass quickly or abruptly from one

place or condition to another

summit ［ˈsʌmɪt］n. 顶点：the highest point

manumit ［ˌmænjuˈmɪt］vt. 解放（奴隶）：to release from slavery or
bondage

knit ［nɪt］vt. 连接，联系：to join closely; unite securely

exploit ［ˈeksplɔɪt］n. 英雄行为：a notable or heroic act

［ɪkˈsplɔɪt］vt. 最大程度地利用：to employ to the greatest possible

advantage

maladroit ［ˌmæləˈdrɔɪt］adj. 笨拙的：lacking or showing a lack of

nimbleness in using one's hands

decrepit ［dɪˈkrepɪt］adj. 虚弱的，衰老的，破旧的：weakened, worn

out, impaired, or broken down by old age, illness

grit ［grɪt］n. （面对困难时所表现出来的）毅力：the strength of mind

that enables a person to endure pain or hardship

posit ［ˈpɑːzɪt］vt. 假定，断定：to assume or affirm the existence of

deposit ［dɪˈpɑːzɪt］n. 自然积累，沉积，矿藏：a natural accumulation

（as of iron ore, coal, or gas）

vt. 存钱：to put in an account

bruit ［ˈbruːt］vt. （未经证实地）散播（消息）：to make （as a piece

of information） the subject of common talk without any authority or
confirmation of accuracy

wit ［wɪt］n. 机智，智慧：the natural ability to perceive and understand

n. 智者，有智慧的人：a person of exceptional intelligence

outwit ［ˌaʊtˈwɪt］vt. 瞒骗，以智取胜：to surpass in cleverness or

cunning; outsmart

exalt ［ɪgˈzɔːlt］vt. 赞扬：to glorify, praise, or honor

heartfelt ［ˈhɑːrtfelt］adj. 真心实意的：genuine in feeling

tilt ［tɪlt］v. 倾斜：to set or cause to be at an angle

n. 倾斜：the act of positioning or an instance of being positioned at an angle

wilt ［wɪlt］vi. 精神萎靡，憔悴：to feel or exhibit the effects of fatigue

or exhaustion

dolt ［doʊlt］n. 笨蛋：a stupid person

jolt ［ʤoʊlt］vt. 惊吓：to cause an unpleasant surprise for

molt ［moʊlt］vi. 脱（羽、皮等）：to shed hair, feathers, shell, horns, or

an outer layer periodically

revolt ［rɪˈvoʊt］vt. 使厌恶，使反感：to fill with disgust or abhorrence

default ［dɪˈfɔːlt］n. 不履行义务，玩忽职守：the nonperformance of an
assigned or expected action

occult ［əˈkʌlt］adj. 难以理解的：not easily apprehended or understood:

abstruse, mysterious

tumult ［ˈtuːmʌlt］n. 骚动，暴动：a disorderly commotion or

disturbance, a riot

exult ［ɪgˈzʌlt］vi. 感到欢喜：to rejoice especially with feelings or

display of triumph or self-satisfaction

recant ［rɪˈkænt］vt. 撤回，放弃，改变：to withdraw or repudiate （a

statement or belief） formally and publicly

intoxicant ［ɪnˈtɑːksɪkənt］n. 使人陶醉的东西（尤指酒精饮料）：an

agent that intoxicates, especially an alcoholic beverage

scant ［skænt］adj. 不足的，缺乏的：barely or scarcely sufficient

pedant ［ˈpednt］n. 书呆子，墨守成规之人：one who pays undue

attention to book learning and formal rules

ascendant ［əˈsendənt］adj. 有影响力的，主宰的：dominant in position

or influence; superior

abundant ［əˈbʌndənt］adj. 大量的：marked by great plenty （as of

resources）

redundant ［rɪˈdʌndənt］adj. 多余的，冗余的：exceeding what is

necessary or normal

verdant ［ˈvɜːrdnt］adj. （因长满植物而）翠绿的，郁郁葱葱

的：green with vegetation; covered with green growth

mordant ［ˈmɔːrdnt］adj. 尖酸刻薄的：biting and caustic in thought,

manner, or style

miscreant ［ˈmɪskriənt］n. 恶棍，罪犯：one who behaves criminally or

viciously

extravagant ［ɪkˈstrævəgənt］adj. 挥霍的：given to spending money

freely or foolishly

adj. 过度的，不必要的：going beyond a normal or acceptable limit in

degree or amount

penchant ［ˈpentʃənt］n. 嗜好，迷恋：a strong and continued inclination

trenchant ［ˈtrentʃənt］adj. （言辞）一针见血的：vigorously effective

and articulate

disenchant ［ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃænt］vt. 使清醒：to free from illusion

sycophant ［ˈsɪkəfænt］n. 马屁精：a servile self-seeking flatterer

insouciant ［ɪnˈsuːsiənt］adj. 无忧虑的，不在乎的：free from concern,
worry, or anxiety

valiant ［ˈvæliənt］adj. 勇敢的，英勇的：possessing or acting with

bravery or boldness

pliant ［ˈplaɪənt］adj. 易弯曲的：easily bent or flexed

adj. 顺从的：yielding readily to influence or domination

compliant ［kəmˈplaɪənt］adj. 顺从的：ready or disposed to comply:

submissive

nonchalant ［ˌnɑːnʃəˈlɑːnt］adj. 冷漠的：having an air of easy unconcern

or indifference

jubilant ［ˈʤuːbɪlənt］adj. 喜悦的：exultingly joyful

vigilant ［ˈvɪʤɪlənt］adj. 警醒的，警惕的：alertly watchful especially to

avoid danger

gallant ［ˈgælənt］adj. 英勇的：brave, spirited; nobly chivalrous and

often self-sacrificing

supplant ［səˈplænt］vt. 排挤，篡夺…的位置：to usurp the place of,

especially through intrigue or underhanded tactics
slant ［slænt］n. （看待问题、思考的）角度，看法：a way of looking
at or thinking about something

adj. 倾斜的：running in a slanting direction

petulant ［ˈpetʃələnt］adj. 易怒的，爱发脾气的：easily irritated or

annoyed

adamant ［ˈædəmənt］adj. 固执的，不可动摇的：unshakable or

insistent especially in maintaining a position or opinion, unyielding; inflexible

dormant ［ˈdɔːrmənt］adj. 静止的，不活跃的：in a state of rest or

inactivity; inoperative; inabeyance

stagnant ［ˈstæɡnənt］ adj. 停滞不前的：not advancing or developing

pregnant ［ˈpregnənt］adj. 重要的，意味深长的：weighty or

significant; full of meaning

malignant ［məˈlɪgnənt］ adj. 恶毒的，邪恶的：having or showing a

desire to cause someone pain or suffering for the sheer enjoyment of it;
disposed to do evil

poignant ［ˈpɔɪnjənt］ adj. 令人感伤的：causing a strong feeling of

sadness

repugnant ［rɪˈpʌgnənt］adj. 令人厌恶的：arousing disgust or aversion

dominant ［ˈdɑːmɪnənt］adj. 处于支配地位的：commanding,
controlling, or prevailing over all others

adj. （基因）显性的：of, relating to, or exerting ecological or genetic

dominance

remnant ［ˈremnənt］ n. 残余，剩余物：something left over

resonant ［ˈrezənənt］adj. （声音）洪亮的，共鸣的：strong and deep

in tone

consonant ［ˈkɑːnsənənt］adj. 和谐一致的：being in agreement or

harmony; free from elements making for discord

rampant ［ˈræmpənt］ adj. （植物）生长茂盛的：growing thickly and

vigorously

rant ［rænt］n. （尤指长时间的）训斥，责骂：a long angry speech or

scolding

protuberant ［proʊˈtuːbərənt］adj. 隆起的，凸出的：thrusting out from

a surrounding or adjacent surface often as a rounded mass

exuberant ［ɪgˈzuːbərənt］adj. 非常高兴的，热情洋溢的：joyously

unrestrained and enthusiastic

preponderant ［prɪˈpɑːndərənt］adj. 占优势的，更重要的：having

superior weight, force, importance, or influence
itinerant ［aɪˈtɪnərənt］ adj. 巡游的，巡回的：traveling from place to
place

aspirant ［əˈspaɪərənt］n. 有抱负者，有野心者：one who aspires, as to

advancement, honors, or a high position

warrant ［ˈwɔːrənt］vt. 批准，认可：to give official acceptance of as

satisfactory

errant ［ˈerənt］adj. 误入歧途的，犯错误的：straying from the proper

course or standards
 List 26

aberrant ［æˈberənt］adj. 异常的，非常规的：deviating from the usual

or natural type

recalcitrant ［rɪˈkælsɪtrənt］adj. 顽抗的，不顺从的：marked by

stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance

tyrant ［ˈtaɪrənt］ n. 暴君：a ruler who exercises absolute power

oppressively or brutally

conversant ［kənˈvɜːrsnt］adj. 熟悉的：having frequent or familiar

association

incessant ［ɪnˈsesnt］adj. 无间断的：continuing or following without

interruption

blatant ［ˈbleɪtnt］adj. （让人生厌地）惹人注目的：very noticeable

especially for being incorrect or bad

reluctant ［rɪˈlʌktənt］adj. 不情愿的，反感的：feeling or showing

aversion, hesitation, or unwillingness

exorbitant ［ɪgˈzɔːrbɪtənt］adj. 过度的：exceeding the customary or

appropriate limits in intensity, quality, amount, or size
incogitant ［ɪnˈkɑːʤɪtənt］adj. 考虑不周的，不体谅的：thoughtless;
inconsiderate

concomitant ［kənˈkɑːmɪtənt］ adj. 伴随的，同时发生的：present at

the same time and place

repentant ［rɪˈpentənt］ adj. 悔过的：feeling sorrow for a wrong that

one has done

extant ［ekˈstænt］adj. 现存的：still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or

extinct

piquant ［ˈpiːkənt］adj. 令人振奋的：appealingly provocative

truant ［ˈtruːənt］adj./ n./vi. 逃避责任（的）；逃避责任者：shirking

responsibility; one who shirks duty

savant ［sæˈvɑːnt］n. 博学之士，学者：a person of learning

relevant ［ˈreləvənt］adj. 有关系的，重要的：having a bearing on or

connection with the matter at hand

observant ［əbˈzɜːrvənt］ adj. 警惕的，警觉的：paying close attention

usually for the purpose of anticipating approaching danger or opportunity

flamboyant ［flæmˈbɔɪənt］adj. 艳丽夺目的，炫耀的，充满装饰

的：marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful display or behavior;
ornate

buoyant ［ˈbuːjənt］adj. 心情好的：having or showing a good mood or

disposition

cognizant ［ˈkɑːgnɪzənt］adj. 知道的，意识到的：fully informed;

conscious; aware

recumbent ［rɪˈkʌmbənt］adj. 躺着的：lying down, especially in a

position of comfort or rest

incumbent ［ɪnˈkʌmbənt］ adj. 义不容辞的，必须的：imposed as an

obligation or duty

complacent ［kəmˈpleɪsnt］ adj. 自满的，自鸣得意的：feeling or

showing an often excessive or unjustified satisfaction and pleasure in one's
status, pos-sessions, or attainments

beneficent ［bɪˈnefɪsnt］adj. 仁慈的，好慈善的：characterized by or

performing acts of kindness or charity

adj. （对个人或社会）有益的：promoting or contributing to personal or

social well-being

magnificent ［mægˈnɪfɪsnt］adj. 壮丽的：strikingly beautiful or

impressive

munificent ［mjuːˈnɪfɪsnt］adj. 慷慨的：very liberal in giving

reticent ［ˈretɪsnt］adj. 沉默不语的：inclined to be silent or
uncommunicative in speech

nascent ［ˈnæsnt］adj. 新生的：coming or having recently come into

existence

iridescent ［ˌɪrɪˈdesnt］adj. 五颜六色的：displaying a play of lustrous

colors like those of the rainbow

incandescent ［ˌɪnkænˈdesnt］adj. 明亮灿烂的：strikingly bright, radiant,

or clear

adj. 热情饱满的，感情强烈的：characterized by glowing zeal

quiescent ［kwiˈesnt］adj. 平静的，静止的：being quiet, still, or at rest;

inactive

evanescent ［ˌevəˈnesnt］adj. 逐渐消失的，短暂的：tending to vanish

like vapor

reminiscent ［ˌremɪˈnɪsnt］ adj. 怀旧的，引发回忆的：provoking a

memory or mental association

translucent ［trænsˈluːsnt］adj. 透明的：permitting the passage of light;

clear, transparent

dent ［dent］vt. （数量、程度上）削弱：to make smaller in amount,

volume, or extent

decadent ［ˈdekədənt］adj. 堕落的，腐败的：having or showing lowered

moral character or standards

n. 道德上堕落的人：a person in a condition or process of mental or moral

decay

precedent ［ˈpresɪdənt］n. 先例，前例：an earlier occurrence of

something similar

adj. 先前的：prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance

strident ［ˈstraɪdnt］adj. 刺耳的：characterized by harsh, insistent, and

discordant sound

provident ［ˈprɑːvɪdənt］adj. 节俭的：frugal; economical

adj. 有远见的：having or showing awareness of and preparation for the

future

resplendent ［rɪˈsplendənt］adj. 华丽辉煌的：shining brilliantly

impudent ［ˈɪmpjədənt］adj. 放肆大胆的，无礼的：marked by

contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others

prudent ［ˈpruːdnt］adj. 明智的：marked by wisdom or judiciousness;

wise
adj. 小心谨慎的，审慎的：marked by circumspection

imprudent ［ɪmˈpruːdnt］adj. 不明智的：lacking discretion, wisdom, or

good judgment

indigent ［ˈɪndɪʤənt］adj. 贫穷的：lacking money or material

possessions

negligent ［ˈneglɪʤənt］adj. 疏忽大意的：failing to give proper attention

or care

diligent ［ˈdɪlɪʤənt］adj. 勤勉的，辛勤的：characterized by steady,

earnest, and energetic effort: painstaking

intransigent ［ɪnˈtrænzɪʤənt］adj. 不妥协的，固执的：characterized by

refusal to compromise or to abandon an extreme position

exigent ［ˈeksɪʤənt］adj. 紧急的：requiring immediate aid or action

indulgent ［ɪnˈdʌlʤənt］adj. （对己）放纵的, （对他人）纵容

的：showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence

refulgent ［rɪˈfʌlʤənt］adj. 辉煌的，灿烂的：shining radiantly;

resplendent

effulgent ［ɪˈfʌlʤənt］adj. 光辉灿烂的：shining brilliantly; resplendent

plangent ［ˈplænʤənt］adj. 凄凉的，哀伤的：having an expressive and
especially plaintive quality

tangent ［ˈtænʤənt］n./adj. 离题（的）, 不相关（的）：diverging from

an original purpose of course: irrelevant

stringent ［ˈstrɪnʤənt］adj. 严格的：marked by rigor, strictness, or

severity especially with regard to rule or standard

pungent ［ˈpʌnʤənt］adj. 辛辣的，讽刺的：marked by the use of wit

that is intended to cause hurt feelings

cogent ［ˈkoʊʤənt］adj. 令人信服的：appealing forcibly to the mind or

reason: convincing

adj. 相关的：pertinent, relevant

insurgent ［ɪnˈsɜːrʤənt］n. 叛乱分子：one who breaks with or opposes

constituted authority or the established order

proficient ［prəˈfɪʃnt］adj. 熟练的，精通的：having or marked by an

advanced degree of competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of
learning

omniscient ［ɑːmˈnɪsiənt］adj. 无所不知的：possessed of universal or

complete knowledge
obedient ［əˈbiːdiənt］adj. 服从的，顺从的：submissive to the restraint
or command of authority

salient ［ˈseɪliənt］adj. 显著的，最突出的：standing out conspicuously

emollient ［iˈmɑːliənt］adj. 起缓和作用的：making less intense or harsh

ebullient ［ɪˈbʌliənt］adj. 热情奔放的：zestfully enthusiastic

lenient ［ˈliːniənt］adj. 宽大仁慈的：inclined not to be harsh or strict;

merciful, generous, or indulgent

sapient ［ˈseɪpiənt］adj. 聪明的，有洞察力的：having or showing deep

understanding and intelligent application of knowledge

incipient ［ɪnˈsɪpiənt］adj. 起初的，初现的：beginning to come into

being or to become apparent

orient ［ˈɔːriənt］vt. 使确定方向，使熟悉或适应：to set or arrange in

any determinate position especially in relation to the points of the compass; to
make familiar with or adjusted to facts, principles, or a situation

transient ［ˈtrænʃnt］adj. 短暂的，瞬时的：passing with time; transitory

insentient ［ɪnˈsentiənt］adj. 无感觉的，无知觉的：lacking perception,

consciousness, or animation
adj. 一知半解的，略懂的：not having or showing a deep understanding of
something

subservient ［səbˈsɜːrviənt］adj. 奉承的，屈从的：obsequiously

submissive

prevalent ［ˈprevələnt］adj. 流行的，普遍的：widely or commonly

occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced

ambivalent ［æmˈbɪvələnt］ adj. （尤指感情、态度）矛盾的：having

a mixture of opposing feelings

equivalent ［ɪˈkwɪvələnt］adj./n. 等价的，相等的：equal in force,

amount, or value

redolent ［ˈredələnt］adj. 芳香的：having or emitting fragrance

indolent ［ˈɪndələnt］adj. 懒惰的：averse to activity, effort, or movement

insolent ［ˈɪnsələnt］adj. 粗野的，无礼的：audaciously rude or

disrespectful

malevolent ［məˈlevələnt］ adj. 恶意的，恶毒的：having, showing, or

arising from intense often vicious ill will, spite, or hatred

turbulent ［ˈtɜːrbjələnt］adj. 动荡的：marked by sudden or violent

disturbance
truculent ［ˈtrʌkjələnt］adj. 好战的，好斗的：feeling or displaying
eagerness to fight

fraudulent ［ˈfrɔːʤələnt］adj. 欺诈的：characterized by, based on, or

done by fraud

virulent ［ˈvɪrələnt］adj. 有毒的：extremely poisonous or venomous

lament ［ləˈment］v. 为…哀悼，表达痛苦或遗憾：to express sorrow or

regret; mourn

cement ［sɪˈment］n./v. 粘合，粘合剂：a uniting or binding force or

influence

commencement ［kəˈmensmənt］n. 开始：a beginning; a start

n. 毕业典礼：the ceremonies or the day for conferring degrees or diplomas

rapprochement ［ˌræproʊʃˈmɑːn］n. 和睦，友好：establishment of or

state of having cordial relations

vehement ［ˈviːəmənt］adj. （情感）强烈的，热情的：having or

expressing great depth of feeling

clement ［ˈklemənt］adj. 宽容的，善良的：tolerant and kind in the

judgment of and expectations for others

adj. 气候温和的：marked by temperatures that are neither too high nor too
low

inclement ［ɪnˈklemənt］adj. （天气等）恶劣的：lacking mildness

adj. 无情的，严酷的：showing no clemency; unmerciful

implement ［ˈɪmplɪment］vt. 执行，实施：to put into practical effect;

carry out

supplement ［ˈsʌplɪmənt］n./v. 增补，补充：something that serves to

complete or make up for a deficiency in something else

self-abasement ［ˌselfəˈbeɪsmənt］n. 自卑，自谦：degradation or

humiliation of oneself

segment ［ˈsegmənt］vt./n. 分割；部分：to separate into segments

figment ［ˈfɪgmənt］n. 虚构的事物，幻觉：something made up or

contrived

pigment ［ˈpɪgmənt］n. 颜料：a substance that imparts black or white or a

color to other materials

vt. 给…上颜色：to color with or as if with pigment

blandishment ［ˈblændɪʃmənt］n. 甜言蜜语，讨好某人的话：something

that tends to coax or cajole
compliment n.［ˈkɑːmplɪmənt］v.［ˈkɑːmplɪment］

n./vt. 称赞，恭维：an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation

n. 敬意，免费赠送的礼物：formal and respectful recognition: honor

foment ［foʊˈment］vt. 助长，煽动：to promote the growth or

development of

commitment ［kəˈmɪtmənt］n. 致力，投入：the state or an instance of

being obligated or emotionally impelled

n. 承诺，表态：the act of revealing one's view of

document ［ˈdɑːkjument］v. 证实：to show the existence or truth of by

evidence

argument ［ˈɑːrgjumənt］n. 争吵，争论：an often noisy or angry

expression of differing opinions

n. （逻辑上的）论证：a coherent series of statements leading from a

premise to a conclusion
 List 27

immanent ［ˈɪmənənt］adj. 内在的：being a part of the innermost nature

of a person or thing

permanent ［ˈpɜːrmənənt］adj. 永恒的：continuing or enduring without

fundamental or marked change; lasting forever

eminent ［ˈemɪnənt］adj. 杰出的：exhibiting eminence especially in

standing above others in some quality or position

preeminent ［priˈemɪnənt］adj. 优秀的，重要的：having paramount

rank, dignity, or importance

pertinent ［ˈpɜːrtnənt］adj. 相关的，恰当的：having a clear decisive

relevance to the matter in hand

impertinent ［ɪmˈpɜːrtnənt］adj. 无关紧要的：not having a clear decisive

relevance to the matter in hand

adj. 粗鲁无礼的，大胆的：given to or characterized by insolent rudeness

proponent ［prəˈpoʊnənt］n. 建议者，支持者：one who argues in

support of something; an advocate
exponent ［ɪkˈspoʊnənt］n. 倡导者，支持者：one that speaks for,
represents, or advocates

spent ［spent］adj. 精疲力竭的：drained of energy or effectiveness

transparent ［trænsˈpærənt］adj. 没有歧义的，清晰易懂的：not subject

to misinterpretation or more than one interpretation

indifferent ［ɪnˈdɪfrənt］adj. 不感兴趣的，冷漠的：marked by a lack of

interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something

belligerent ［bəˈlɪʤərənt］adj. 好斗的，好战的：inclined to or

exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness

inherent ［ɪnˈhɪrənt］adj. 内在的，本质的：involved in the constitution

or essential character of something

resent ［rɪˈzent］v. 怨恨，憎恨：to be angry or upset about （someone or

something that you think is unfair）

misrepresent ［ˌmɪsˌreprɪˈzent］vt. 误传，篡改：to give an incorrect or

misleading representation of

consent ［kənˈsent］n. 同意，赞同：the approval by someone in authority

for the doing of something

assent ［əˈsent］vi. 同意：to agree to something especially after thoughtful

consideration

dissent ［dɪˈsent］vi. 持异议，不同意：to differ in opinion

n. 反对正统：departure from a generally accepted theory, opinion, or practice

latent ［ˈleɪtnt］adj. 潜在的，不活跃的：present or potential but not

evident or active

patent ［ˈpeɪtnt］adj. 显而易见的，明显的：readily visible or

intelligible: obvious

penitent ［ˈpenɪtənt］adj. 悔过的：feeling or expressing humble or

regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses

impenitent ［ɪmˈpenɪtənt］adj. 不悔悟的：not feeling or expressing

humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses

content ［kənˈtent ］vt. 使满足：to appease the desires of

［ˈkɑːntent］n. 主题：a major object of interest or concern （as in a

discussion or artistic composition）

malcontent ［ˌmælkənˈtent］n. 不满分子：one who is in active opposition

to an established order or government

adj. 不满的：dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs

impotent ［ˈɪmpətənt］adj. 无力的，无能的：lacking in power, strength,

or vigor

inadvertent ［ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt］adj. 偶然发生的：happening by chance

adj. 疏忽的，不留意的：marked by unintentional lack of care

inconsistent ［ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt］adj. 不一致的，矛盾的：not being in

agreement or harmony

intermittent ［ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt］adj. 断断续续的：coming and going at

intervals, not continuous

fluent ［ˈfluːənt］adj. 表达流利的：able to express oneself clearly and

well

affluent ［ˈæfluənt］adj. 富裕的：having a generously sufficient and

typically increasing supply of material possessions

grandiloquent ［grænˈdɪləkwənt］adj. （语言等）浮夸的：a lofty,

extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality
especially in language

congruent ［ˈkɑːŋgruənt］adj. 和谐一致的：being in agreement,

harmony, or correspondence; congruous

adj. 全等的：coinciding exactly when superimposed

incongruent ［ɪnˈkɑːŋgruənt］adj. 不全等的；不一致的：not coinciding

exactly when superimposed; not conforming to the circumstances or
requirements of a situation

solvent ［ˈsɑːlvənt］adj. 有偿付能力的：able to pay all legal debts

n. 溶剂：a substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a

solution

circumvent ［ˌsɜːrkəmˈvent］vt. 躲避，不遵从：to avoid having to

comply with （something） especially through cleverness

fervent ［ˈfɜːrvənt］adj. 充满感情的，热情洋溢的：exhibiting or

marked by great intensity of feeling

taint ［teɪnt］vt. 使（品质）污损：to affect slightly with something

morally bad or undesirable

mint ［mɪnt］adj. 无损坏的：unmarred as if fresh from a mint

pinpoint ［ˈpɪnpɔɪnt］adj. 非常精确的：located, fixed, or directed with

extreme precision

vt. 精确定位或确认：to locate, fix, determine, or identify with precision

blueprint ［ˈbluːprint］vt. 事先计划：to work out the details of

（something） in advance

stint ［stɪnt］vi. 吝惜，节省：to be sparing or frugal

confront ［kənˈfrʌnt］vt. 直接对抗，直面：to come face to face with,
especially with defiance or hostility

daunt ［dɔːnt］vt. 使胆怯，吓倒：to lessen the courage or confidence of

haunt ［hɔːnt］vt. 常去拜访：to visit often; frequent

vt. 不断地想起，萦绕心头：to come to mind continually; obsess

taunt ［tɔːnt］vt. 嘲弄性质疑，挑衅：to reproach or challenge in a

mocking or insulting manner: jeer at

vaunt ［vɔːnt］vi. 吹嘘：to speak boastfully

blunt ［blʌnt］vt. 使变钝：to make less sharp or definite

adj. 直率的：being or characterized by direct, brief, and potentially rude

speech or manner

paramount ［ˈpærəmaʊnt］adj. 最重要的：of chief concern or

importance

tantamount ［ˈtæntəmaʊnt］adj. 等价的，与…相等的：equivalent in

value, significance, or effect

surmount ［sərˈmaʊnt］vt. 战胜，获得胜利：to achieve a victory over

stunt ［stʌnt］vt. 阻碍（成长）：to hinder the normal growth,

development, or progress of

bigot ［ˈbɪgət］n. 固执己见者，有偏见的人：a person obstinately

devoted to his own opinions and prejudices

riot ［ˈraɪət］n. 喧闹，暴乱：public violence, tumult, or disorder

patriot ［ˈpeɪtriət］n. 爱国者：one who loves his or her country and

supports its authority and interests

jot ［ʤɑːt］vt. 简要记录：to write briefly or hurriedly

zealot ［ˈzelət］n. 狂热者：a zealous person; especially a fanatical

partisan

clot ［klɑːt］n. 密集的一群：a number of things considered as a unit

v. 凝结：to turn from a liquid into a substance resembling jelly

pilot ［ˈpaɪlət］adj. 初步的，试验性的：serving as a tentative model for

future experiment or development

vt. 带领通过：lead or conduct over a usually difficult course

parrot ［ˈpærət］vt. （机械地）模仿，复制：to repeat or imitate,

especially without understanding

apt ［æpt］adj. 恰当的，合适的：exactly suitable; appropriate

adj. 聪明的：keenly intelligent and responsive

adapt ［əˈdæpt］v. 修改，使（适应）：to modify according with the

changing circumstances

rapt ［ræpt］adj. 狂喜的，狂热的：experiencing or marked by

overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion

inept ［ɪˈnept］adj. 愚笨的，荒谬的：displaying a lack of judgment,

sense, or reason

adj. 不称职的，无能力的：generally incompetent

nondescript ［ˈnɑːndɪskrɪpt］adj. 平凡的，不吸引人的：lacking

distinctive or interesting qualities

manuscript ［ˈmænjuskrɪpt］n. 手稿：a book, document, or other

composition written by hand

preempt ［priˈempt］vt. 预先占有：to appropriate, seize, or take for

oneself before others

unkempt ［ˌʌnˈkempt］adj. 凌乱的，无序的：lacking in order, neatness,

and often cleanliness

contempt ［kənˈtempt］n. 蔑视，鄙视：open dislike for someone or

something considered unworthy of one's concern or respect
exempt ［ɪgˈzempt］vt. 使免除：to release or deliver from some liability
or requirement to which others are subject

dart ［dɑːrt］vi. 突然移动，猛冲，狂奔：to move suddenly and rapidly

n. 公开侮辱：an act or expression showing scorn and usually intended to hurt

another's feelings

counterpart ［ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt］n. （地位、功能）对等的人或物：one

having the same function or characteristics as another

thwart ［θwɔːrt］vt. 阻挠：to oppose successfully

stalwart ［ˈstɔːlwərt］adj. 坚定的：firm and resolute

disconcert ［ˌdɪskənˈsɜːrt］vt. 使不安：to disturb the composure of

inert ［ɪˈnɜːrt］adj. （人）懒惰缺乏活力的; （物品）惰性的：sluggish

in action or motion; deficient in active properties

assert ［əˈsɜːrt］vt. 断言，肯定地说出：to state or declare positively and

often forcefully or aggressively

subvert ［səbˈvɜːrt］vt. 颠覆：to overturn or overthrow from the

foundation

advert ［ədˈvɜːrt］vi. 引起注意；提到：to call attention; refer

divert ［daɪˈvɜːrt］vt. 使转向：to turn from one course or use to another:
deflect

vt. 使消遣：to cause （someone） to pass the time agreeably occupied

convert ［kənˈvɜːrt］vt. 改变，转化：to alter the physical or chemical

nature or properties of especially in manufacturing

overt ［oʊˈvɜːrt］adj. 明显的，公开的：open and observable; not hidden,

concealed, or secret

covert ［ˈkoʊvɜːrt］adj. 隐蔽的，秘密的：not openly shown, engaged in,

or avowed

skirt ［skɜːrt］vt. 绕行，避开：to go around or keep away from in order

to avoid danger or discovery

flirt ［flɜːrt］vi. 调情：to behave amorously without serious intent

escort ［ɪˈskɔːrt］vt. 同行，护送：to go along with in order to provide

assistance, protection, or companionship

exhort ［ɪgˈzɔːrt］vt. 敦促，力劝：to urge by strong, often stirring

argument, admonition, advice, or appeal

rapport ［ræˈpɔːr］n. 和睦，友好：a friendly relationship marked by

ready communication and mutual understanding
purport ［ˈpɜːrpɔːrt］v. 声称，打算：to state as a fact usually forcefully

consort ［kənˈsɔːkrt］v. 结交：to come or be together as friends

retort ［rɪˈtɔːrt］n. （尤指机智的）回应，回答：something spoken or

written in reaction especially to a question, especially a quick, witty, or cutting
reply

contort ［kənˈtɔːrt］vt. 扭曲：to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of

shape

distort ［dɪˈstɔːrt］vt. 扭曲，歪曲：to twist out of the true meaning or

proportion

extort ［ɪkˈstɔːrt］vt. 勒索：to obtain from a person by force, intimidation,

or undue or illegal power

curt ［kɜːrt］adj. 言词简略的，直接（以至显得粗鲁）的：being or

characterized by direct, brief, and potentially rude speech or manner

adj. 言简意赅的：marked by the use of few words to convey much

information or meaning

blurt ［blɜːt］vt. 突然说出，冲动地说：to utter abruptly and impulsively

court ［kɔːrt］vt./n. 追求，献殷勤：to seek the affections of

bombast ［ˈbɑːmbæst］n. 夸大的言辞：grandiloquent, pompous speech
or writing

cast ［kæst］vt. 提出：to put forth, give off, to place as if by throwing

v. 抛弃：to get rid of as useless or unwanted

abreast ［əˈbrest］adj. 熟知的：up to a particular standard or level

especially of knowledge of recent developments

fast ［fæst］n. 绝食；斋戒：an act of abstaining from food

adj. 忠诚的：firm in one's allegiance to someone or something

 List 28

steadfast ［ˈstedfæst］adj. 坚定的，忠诚的：firm in belief,

determination, or adherence

blast ［blæst］n. 爆炸：an explosion or violent detonation

vt. 炸裂，爆破：to cause to break open or into pieces by or as if by an

explosive

vt. 斥责，抨击：to criticize harshly and usually publicly

iconoclast ［aɪˈkɑːnəklæst］n. 特立独行的人：a person who does not

conform to generally accepted standards or customs

manifest ［ˈmænɪfest］adj. 显然的，明显易懂的：clearly apparent to the

sight or understanding; obvious

v. 显现，显露：to make evident or certain by showing or displaying

ingest ［ɪnˈʤest］vt. 摄入，咽下：to take into the body by the mouth for
digestion or absorption

jest ［ʤest］n. 轻浮的态度，戏谑：a frivolous mood or manner

earnest ［ˈɜːrnɪst］adj. 严肃认真的：characterized by or proceeding from

an intense and serious state of mind, grave

crest ［krest］n. 顶部，浪尖，山顶：the top, as of a hill or wave

arrest ［əˈrest］n./v. 停止：the stopping of a process or activity; to bring

to a standstill

v. 逮捕：to take or keep under one's control by authority of law

v. 吸引（某人）注意力：to hold the attention of as if by a spell

wrest ［rest］vt. 辛苦地获得：to gain with difficulty by or as if by force,

violence, or determined labor

detest ［dɪˈtest］v. 厌恶：to dislike （someone or something） very

strongly

attest ［əˈtest］vt. 证实，为…作证：to give evidence or testimony to the

truth or factualness of

gist ［ʤɪst］n. 要点：the main point or part

anarchist ［ˈænərkɪst］n. 反抗权威的人：a person who rebels against any

authority, established order, or ruling power

list ［lɪst］v. （使）倾斜：to set or cause to be at an angle

jingoist ［ˈʤɪŋgoʊɪst］n. 极端爱国激进分子（通常表现为好战的对外

政策）：extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a
belligerent foreign policy

exhaust ［ɪgˈzɔːst］vt. 耗尽：to consume entirely: to make complete use

of

robust ［roʊˈbʌst］adj. 精力充沛的；强壮的，健康的：full of health

and strength

gust ［gʌst］n. 情感爆发：a sudden intense expression of strong feeling

august ［ɔːˈgʌst］adj. 威严的，庄重的：having or showing a formal and

serious or reserved manner

oust ［aʊst］vt. 驱逐：to drive or force out

boycott ［ˈbɔɪkɑːt］vt. 联合抵制，拒绝参与：to engage in a concerted

refusal to have dealings with（as a person, store, or organization） usually to
express disapproval or to force acceptance of certain conditions

juggernaut ［ˈʤʌgərnɔːt］n. 无法阻挡的力量，摧毁一切的强大力

量：an overwhelming, advancing force that crushes everything in its path

taut ［tɔːt］adj. 紧绷的：not loose or flabby

debut ［deɪˈbjuː］n. 初次登台，出道：a first public appearance

glut ［glʌt］vt. 使过量，使充满：to fill beyond capacity, especially with
food

clout ［klaʊt］n. 权力，影响力：influence; pull

flout ［flaʊt］n./v. 嘲弄性不理会，蔑视：to treat with contemptuous

disregard

pout ［paʊt］vi. （尤指撅嘴或板着脸）表示不悦：to show displeasure,

especially by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expression

tout ［taʊt］vt. 极力赞扬：to promote or praise energetically; publicize

devout ［dɪˈvaʊt］adj. 忠诚的：firm in one's allegiance to someone or

something

strut ［strʌt］vi. 趾高气扬地走：to walk with a pompous and affected air

plateau ［plæˈtoʊ］n. 高原：a usually extensive level land area raised

sharply above adjacent land on at least one side

n. 稳定时期，平台期：a relatively stable level, period, or state

milieu ［miːˈljɜː］n. 环境，氛围：the physical or social setting in which

something occurs or develops

purlieu ［ˈpɜːrluː］n. 常去的地方：a place for spending time or for

socializing

n. 临近的地区：an adjoining region or space

impromptu ［ɪmˈprɑːmptuː］n. 即席的表演：something, such as a

speech, that is made or done extemporaneously

adj. 即席的，即兴的：composed without previous preparation

flaw ［flɔː］n. 瑕疵，缺点：an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs

soundness

v. 降低，破坏，使不完美：to reduce the soundness, effectiveness, or

perfection of

withdraw ［wɪðˈdrɔː］v. 撤退：to take back or away

hew ［hjuː］vi. 遵守：confirm, adhere, to hold to something firmly as if by

adhesion

eschew ［ɪsˈtʃuː］vt. 刻意避开；戒绝：to avoid habitually especially on

moral or practical grounds

askew ［əˈskjuː］adj./adv. 不成直线的（地）, 歪的（地）：out of line,

awry

slew ［sluː］n. 大量，许多：a large amount or number

sinew ［ˈsɪnjuː］n. 活力，力量：vigorous strength; muscular power

cow ［kaʊ］vt. 恐吓，威胁：to frighten with threats or a show of force

shadow ［ˈʃædoʊ］vt. 偷偷尾随：to follow especially secretly: trail

v. 遮蔽, （使）变暗：to （cause to） become gloomy or dark

foreshadow ［fɔːrˈʃædoʊ］vt. 预示：to represent, indicate, or typify

beforehand; prefigure

overshadow ［ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊ］vt. （在重要性上）超越，超过：to

exceed in importance

callow ［ˈkæloʊ］adj. 不老练的，不成熟的：lacking in adult experience

or maturity

fallow ［ˈfæloʊ］adj. 休耕的：left untilled or unsown after plowing

hallow ［ˈhæloʊ］vt. 尊敬，把…视为神圣：to respect or honor greatly;

revere

winnow ［ˈwɪnoʊ］v. 筛选：to examine closely in order to separate the

good from the bad

row ［roʊ］n. 争吵，争执：an often noisy or angry expression of

differing opinions

crow ［kroʊ］vi. 感到高兴：to feel or express joy or triumph

harrow ［ˈhæroʊ］vt. 折磨，使苦恼：to inflict great distress or torment
on

disavow ［ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ］vt. 拒绝承认，否认：to disclaim knowledge of,

responsibility for, or association with; to declare not to be true

lax ［læks］adj. 松弛的，不紧的，不严格的：not tense, firm, or rigid

adj. 懈怠的，漫不经心的：failing to give proper care and attention

coax ［koʊks］v. 哄骗：to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or

flattery; cajole

hoax ［hoʊks］n./vt. 欺骗：to cause to believe what is untrue

wax ［wæks］vi. 增大，增强：to increase in size, numbers, strength,

prosperity, or intensity

annex ［əˈneks］vt. 添加，合并：to join （something） to a mass,

quantity, or number so as to bring about an overall increase

vex ［veks］vt. 使烦恼，使恼怒：to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to

affix ［əˈfɪks］vt. 粘合：to attach physically

prolix ［ˈproʊlɪks］adj. 啰嗦的，冗长的：tending to speak or write at

excessive length
paradox ［ˈpærədɑːks］n. 矛盾，悖论：a statement that is seemingly
contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true

orthodox ［ˈɔːrθədɑːks］adj. 传统的：following or agreeing with

established form, custom, or rules

heterodox ［ˈhetərədɑːks］adj. 非正统的，异端的：holding unorthodox

opinions or doctrines, not rigidly following established form, custom, or rules

influx ［ˈɪnflʌks］n. 涌入：a coming in

crux ［krʌks］n. 中心，关键点：the basic, central, or critical point or

feature

allay ［əˈleɪ］vt. 减轻：to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity,

alleviate

downplay ［ˌdaʊnˈpleɪ］vt. 轻描淡写，不予重视：to minimize the

significance of, play down

waylay ［weɪˈleɪ］vt. 埋伏，伏击：to lie in wait for or attack from

ambush

dismay ［dɪsˈmeɪ］vt. 使失去勇气：to cause to lose courage or resolution

vt. 使不安，使焦虑：to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy

defray ［dɪˈfreɪ］vt. 支付：to undertake the payment of

array ［əˈreɪ］n. 排列，阵列：a regular and imposing grouping or

arrangement

vt. 排列，摆放：to arrange or display in or as if in an array

disarray ［ˌdɪsəˈreɪ］n. 混乱，无秩序：a lack of order or sequence

vt. 使混乱：to undo the proper order or arrangement of

stray ［streɪ］adj. 漫无目的的：lacking a definite plan, purpose, or

pattern

gainsay ［ˌgeɪnˈseɪ］vt. 否认：to declare false

naysay ［ˈneɪseɪ］vt. 拒绝，否认：to oppose, deny, or take a pessimistic

or negative view of

lullaby ［ˈlʌləbaɪ］vt. 使镇静，使安心：to free from distress or

disturbance

flabby ［ˈflæbi］adj. 疲软的，无力的：lacking strength or determination;

weak and ineffective; feeble

delicacy ［ˈdelɪkəsi］n. （外貌、结构等）精致；极度兴奋，发

狂：fineness of appearance, construction, or execution; elegance
legacy ［ˈlegəsi］n. 遗产：something handed down from an ancestor or a
predecessor or from the past

racy ［ˈreɪsi］adj. 活泼生动的：vigorous; lively

autocracy ［ɔːˈtɑːkrəsi］n. 独裁政府：government in which a person

possesses unlimited power

illiteracy ［ɪˈlɪtərəsi］n. 文盲：the condition of being unable to read and

write

discrepancy ［dɪsˈkrepənsi］n. （在事实和宣称之间的）差异或矛

盾：divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims

flippancy ［ˈflɪpənsi］n. 轻率，无礼：unbecoming levity or pertness

especially in respect to grave or sacred matters

complacency ［kəmˈpleɪsnsi］n. 自满，无忧患意识：a feeling of self-

satisfaction, coupled with an unawareness of trouble

contingency ［kənˈtɪnʤənsi］n. 可能发生的事：something （such as an

emergency） that might happen

deficiency ［dɪˈfɪʃnsi］n. 缺乏，不足：the quality or state of being

deficient: inadequate

expediency ［ɪkˈspiːdiənsi］n. 应急手段，权宜之计：doing what is

convenient rather than what is morally right

toady ［ˈtoʊdi］n./v. 马屁精；拍马屁：one who flatters in the hope of

gaining favors

giddy ［ˈgɪdi］adj. 轻率不严肃的：lacking in seriousness or maturity

muddy ［ˈmʌdi］adj. 浑浊的，不清晰的：lacking in clarity or brightness

vt. 使难以理解：to make （something） unclear to the understanding

needy ［ˈniːdi］adj. 贫困的：being in need; impoverished, poor

perfidy ［ˈpɜːrfədi］n. 不忠，背信弃义：an act or an instance of

disloyalty

subsidy ［ˈsʌbsədi］n. 补助金，津贴：monetary assistance granted by a

government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being
in the public interest

dandy ［ˈdændi］n. 纨绔子弟，爱打扮的人：a man who gives

exaggerated attention to personal appearance

windy ［ˈwɪndi］adj. 冗长的：characterized by wearisome verbosity

parody ［ˈpærədi］n. （以嘲笑原作作者的）模仿作品：a literary or

musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for
comic effect or in ridicule
v. 模仿（以嘲弄）：to copy or exaggerate （someone or something） in
order to make fun of
 List 29

hardy ［ˈhɑːrdi］adj. 顽强的：able to withstand hardship, strain, or

exposure

jeopardy ［ˈʤepərdi］n. 危险：risk of loss or injury; peril or danger

tardy ［ˈtɑːrdi］adj. 缓慢的，迟缓的：moving slowly: sluggish

sturdy ［ˈstɜːrdi］adj. 强健的，结实的：marked by or reflecting physical

strength or vigor; substantially made or built

gaudy ［ˈgɔːdi］adj. 俗丽的：ostentatiously or taste-lessly ornamented,

excessively showy

cagey ［ˈkəɪʤi］adj. 不乐意说话的：not willing to say everything that

you know about something

off-key ［ˌɔːfˈkiː］adj. 不寻常的，不合适的：being out of accord with

what is considered normal or appropriate

medley ［ˈmedli］adj. 大杂烩，混合物：an unorganized collection or

mixture of various things
motley ［ˈmɑːtli］adj. 混杂的，富于变化的：（especially of colors）
having elements of great variety or incongruity

purvey ［pərˈveɪ］v. （大量）供给，供应：to supply （food, for

example）; furnish

defy ［dɪˈfaɪ］vt. 蔑视：to go against the commands, prohibitions, or rules

of

rarefy ［ˈrerfaɪ］vt. 使稀薄：to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense: to

expand without the addition of matter

pacify ［ˈpæsɪfaɪ］vt. 使平静，安慰：to ease the anger or agitation of

calcify ［ˈkælsɪfaɪ］vt. 使僵化：to make inflexible or unchangeable

deify ［ˈdeɪɪfaɪ］vt. 尊敬，尊崇：to assign a high status or value to

qualify ［ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪ］vt. 限定：to reduce from a general to a particular or

restricted form

vt. 使有资格，使有能力：to make competent （as by training, skill, or

ability） for a particular office or function

vilify ［ˈvɪlɪfaɪ］vt. 诽谤，辱骂：to utter slanderous and abusive

statements against
mollify ［mɑːlɪfaɪ］vt. 平息，抚慰，缓和：to calm in temper or feeling

verify ［ˈverɪfaɪ］vt. 校验，证实：to determine or test the truth or

accuracy of, as by comparison, investigation, or ref-erence

petrify ［ˈpetrɪfaɪ］vt. 使僵化，使失去活力：to cause to become stiff or

stone-like; deaden

intensify ［ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ］vt. 加强，激化：to make intense or more

intensive

ossify ［ˈɑːsɪfaɪ］v. （使）硬化, （使）僵化：to （cause to） become

hardened or conventional and opposed to change

ratify ［ˈrætɪfaɪ］vt. （官方地）认可，批准：to give official acceptance

of as satisfactory

gratify ［ˈgrætɪfaɪ］vt. 使满足：to give what is desired to, to please or

satisfy

stratify ［ˈstrætɪfaɪ］vt. 将…分成各种等级：to divide into classes,

castes, or social strata

sanctify ［ˈsæŋktɪfaɪ］vt. 使神圣，将…敬为神：to make holy

stultify ［ˈstʌltɪfaɪ］vt. 使无效，抑制：to deprive of vitality and render

futile especially by enfeebling or repressive influences
fortify ［ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ］vt. 加固，鼓励：to give physical strength, courage, or
endurance to

justify ［ˈʤʌstɪfaɪ］vt. 证明…的合理性，为…辩解：to prove or show

to be just, right, or reasonable

stodgy ［ˈstɑːʤi］adj. 平庸的，乏味的：dull, unimaginative, and

commonplace

elegy ［ˈeləʤi］n. 哀歌（诗）, 挽歌（诗）：a song or poem expressing

sorrow or lamentation

groggy ［ˈgrɑːgi］adj. 虚弱的, （走路）不稳的：weak and unsteady on

the feet or in action

mangy ［ˈmeɪnʤi］adj. 卑劣的：mean; contemptible

tangy ［ˈtæŋi］adj. 刺激的：having a powerfully stimulating odor or

flavor

dingy ［ˈdɪnʤi］adj. 昏暗的；肮脏的：darkened with smoke and grime;

dirty or discolored

stingy ［ˈstɪnʤi］adj. 小气的，吝啬的：being unwilling or showing

unwillingness to share with others

terminology ［ˌtɜːrməˈnɑːləʤi］n. 专业术语：the special terms or

expressions of a particular group or field

calligraphy ［kəˈlɪgrəfi］n. （优美的）书法：artistic, stylized, or elegant

handwriting or lettering

demography ［dɪˈmɑːgrəfi］n. 人口统计学：the study of changes （such

as the number of births, deaths, marriages, and illnesses） that occur over a
period of time in human populations

atrophy ［ˈætrəfi］vi. 萎缩，衰退：to waste away; wither or deteriorate

apathy ［ˈæpəθi］n. 缺乏兴趣，不关心：lack of interest or concern

antipathy ［ænˈtɪpəθi］n. 厌恶，反感：settled aversion or dislike

pithy ［ˈpɪθi］adj. 精练的，简洁的：precisely meaningful; forceful and

brief

frothy ［ˈfrɔːθi］adj. （内容等）欢乐轻佻、不严肃的：gaily frivolous

or light in content or treatment

finicky ［ˈfɪnɪki］adj. 过分讲究的，挑剔的：extremely or excessively

particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards

balky ［ˈbɔːlki］adj. 不服管束的，倔强的：refusing or likely to refuse to

proceed, act, or function as directed or expected
quirky ［ˈkwɜːrki］adj. 古怪的，奇葩的：different from the ordinary in a
way that causes curiosity or suspicion

murky ［ˈmɜːrki］adj. 模糊的，晦涩的：lacking clarity or distinct-ness

husky ［ˈhʌski］adj. （尤指声音）沙哑的，粗糙的：hoarse or rough in

quality

fluky ［ˈfluːki］adj. 侥幸的：coming or happening by good luck

especially unexpectedly

gawky ［ˈgɔːki］adj. （举止）笨拙的：having or showing an inability to

move in a graceful manner

worldly ［ˈwɜːrldli］adj. 世间的，世俗的：of this world rather than

spiritual or religion affairs

adj. 老练的：experienced in human affairs

timely ［ˈtaɪmli］adj. 恰到好处的，合乎适宜的：appropriate or adapted

to the times or the occasion

homely ［ˈhoʊmli］adj. 其貌不扬的，朴素简单的：not attractive or

good-looking

gadfly ［ˈgædflaɪ］n. 刺激物：one that acts as a provocative stimulus

homily ［ˈhɑːməli］n. 冗长乏味的道德讲演或训诫：a tedious
moralizing lecture or admonition

wily ［ˈwaɪli］adj. 狡诈的，狡猾的：clever at attaining one's ends by

indirect and often deceptive means

ally ［ˈælaɪ］n. 盟友，支持者：one in helpful association with another

［əˈlaɪ］v. 加入联盟：to enter into an alliance

dally ［ˈdæli］vi. 虚度时光：to spend time doing nothing

willy-nilly ［ˌwɪli ˈnɪli］adj. 无秩序的，随意的：without order or plan

bully ［ˈbʊli］n. 欺凌弱小者，恶霸：a person who habitually treats

others in an overbearing or intimidating manner

seemly ［ˈsiːmli］adv. 得体的，遵守礼节的：following the established

traditions of refined society and good taste

slovenly ［ˈslʌvnli］adj. 邋遢的，不整洁的：lacking neatness in dress or

person

ungainly ［ʌnˈgeɪnli］adj. 笨拙的，不雅的：having or showing an

inability to move in a graceful manner

miserly ［ˈmaɪzərli］adj. 吝啬的：marked by grasping meanness and

penuriousness

surly ［ˈsɜːrli］adj. 脾气不好的：irritably sullen and churlish in mood or

manner

sly ［slaɪ］adj. 狡猾的：clever or cunning, especially in the practice of

deceit

measly ［ˈmiːzli］adj. 少得可怜的，微不足道的：so small or

unimportant as to warrant little or no attention

grisly ［ˈgrɪzli］adj. 令人反感的，令人恐惧的：inspiring repugnance;

gruesome

sprightly ［ˈspraɪtli］adj. 活泼的，充满活力的：full of spirit and vitality

unruly ［ʌnˈruːli］adj. 难驾驭的，不守规矩的：difficult or impossible

to discipline, control, or rule

seamy ［ˈsiːmi］adj. 肮脏的，堕落的：sordid; base

adj. 僻静的，隐蔽的：screened or hidden from view

grimy ［ˈgraɪmi］adj. 肮脏的：not clean

palmy ［ˈpɑːmi］adj. 繁荣的：marked by prosperity

autonomy ［ɔːˈtɑːnəmi］n. 政治上的独立：the quality or state of being
self-governing

n. 自我主导的自由, （尤其是）精神独立：self-directing freedom and

especially moral independence

gloomy ［ˈgluːmi］adj. 忧郁的：low in spirits

dichotomy ［daɪˈkɑːtəmi］n. 对立：a division into two especially

mutually exclusive or contradictory groups or entities

smarmy ［ˈsmɑːrmi］adj. 虚情假意的，过分恭维的：hypocritically,

complacently, or effusively earnest

ignominy ［ˈɪgnəmɪni］n. 耻辱：the state of having lost the esteem of

others

spiny ［ˈspaɪni］adj. 棘手的，麻烦的：requiring exceptional skill or

caution in performance or handling

canny ［ˈkæni］adj. 精明的，聪明的：careful and shrewd, especially

where one's own interests are concerned

uncanny ［ʌnˈkæni］adj. 离奇的，奇异的：being so extraordinary or

abnormal as to suggest powers which violate the laws of nature

cacophony ［kəˈkɑːfənɪ］n. 刺耳的声音：loud, confused, and usually

inharmonious sound

felony ［ˈfeləni］n. 重罪：one of several grave crimes, such as murder,

rape, or burglary, punishable by a more stringent sentence than that given for a
misdemeanor

hegemony ［hɪˈʤemoʊni］n. 霸权，统治权：preponderant influence or

authority over others

testimony ［ˈtestɪmoʊni］n. 证词，声明：firsthand authentication of a

fact

thorny ［ˈθɔːrni］adj. 棘手的：full of difficulties or controversial points:

ticklish

puny ［ˈpjuːni］adj. 微小的，弱小的：of inferior size, strength, or

significance; weak

coy ［kɔɪ］adj. 不愿与人交往的，内向的：tending to avoid people and

social situations

alloy ［ˈælɔɪ］n. 合金；混合物：a distinct entity formed by the

combining of two or more different things

［əˈlɔɪ］vt. 掺杂，降低…的纯度：to debase by the addition of an inferior

element

ploy ［ˈplɔɪ］n. 计策，手段：a clever often underhanded means to

achieve an end

deploy ［dɪˈplɔɪ］v. （有目的地）展开；调度，部署：to spread out,

utilize, or arrange for a deliberate purpose

annoy ［əˈnɔɪ］vt. 不断烦扰：to disturb or irritate especially by repeated

acts

toy ［tɔɪ］vi. 草率或不认真地对待：to handle thoughtlessly, ignorantly,

or mischievously

buoy ［bɔɪ］vt. 使充满勇气和力量，使振作：to fill with courage or

strength of purpose

scrappy ［ˈskræpi］adj. 好斗的，好吵架的：having an aggressive and

determined spirit, quarrelsome

sloppy ［ˈslɑːpi］adj. 邋遢的，不整洁的：lacking neatness in dress or

person

adj. 混乱的：lacking in order, neatness, and often cleanliness

raspy ［ˈræspi］adj. 声音刺耳的：harsh and dry in sound

quandary ［ˈkwɑːndəri］n. 困惑，窘境：a state of perplexity or doubt

dreary ［ˈdrɪri］adj. 单调乏味的：having nothing likely to provide cheer,

comfort, or interest
 List 30

vagary ［ˈveɪgəri］n. 不可预测的思想或行为：an erratic, unpredictable,

or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion

chary ［ˈtʃeri］adj. 非常谨慎的：very cautious

intermediary ［̩ɪntərˈmiːdieri］n. 中间人：one who works with opposing

sides in order to bring about an agreement

subsidiary ［səbˈsɪdieri］adj. 次要的：of secondary importance

incendiary ［ɪnˈsendieri］n. 煽动者：a person who stirs up public feelings

especially of discontent

adj. 煽动性的：tending to inflame

pecuniary ［pɪˈkjuːnieri］adj. 金钱上的：of or relating to money,

banking, or investments

ancillary ［ˈænsəleri］adj. 次要的：of secondary importance

adj. 辅助的，补充的：auxiliary, supplementary

exemplary ［ɪgˈzempləri］adj. 榜样的，值得效仿的：constituting,

serving as, or worthy of being a pattern to be imitated

mercenary ［ˈmɜːrsəneri］adj. 唯利是图的，贪婪的：motivated solely

by a desire for monetary or material gain

luminary ［ˈluːmɪneri］n. 杰出人物：a person who has achieved

eminence in a specific field

visionary ［ˈvɪʒəneri］adj. 空想的，不切实际的：having or marked by a

tendency to be guided more by ideals than by reality

adj. 有远见的：having or marked by foresight and imagination

reactionary ［riˈækʃəneri］adj. 反对变革的，极保守的：characterized

by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely
conservative

discretionary ［dɪˈskreʃəneri］adj. 自主决定的：left to discretion:

exercised at one's own discretion

eleemosynary ［ˌelɪɪˈmɑːsiːnəri］adj. 慈善的：of, relating to, or

supported by charity

hoary ［ˈhɔːri］adj. 极老的：extremely old

arbitrary ［ˈɑːrbətreri］adj. 专横的，独断专行的：having or showing a

tendency to force one's will on others without any regard to fairness or
necessity
adj. 缺乏计划的，随意的：lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern

adversary ［ˈædvərseri］n. 敌手，对手：one that contends with, opposes,

or resists: enemy

proprietary ［prəˈpraɪəteri］adj. 私营的：privately owned and managed

and run as a profit-making organization

sanitary ［ˈsænəteri］adj. 健康的，清洁的：of or relating to health

sedentary ［ˈsednteri］adj. 固定不动的：not migratory: settled

complementary ［ˌkɑːmplɪˈmentri］adj. 互补的：mutually supplying

each other's lack

rudimentary ［ˌruːdɪˈmentri］adj. 初始的，未发展的：being in the

earliest stages of development

adj. 最根本的，基础的：consisting in first principles: fundamental

votary ［ˈvoʊtəri］n. 崇拜者，信徒：a person who is fervently devoted,

as to a leader or ideal; a faithful follower

salutary ［ˈsæljəteri］adj. 有益健康的：beneficial, promoting health

adj. 有利的，利好的：promoting or contributing to personal or social well-

being
sanctuary ［ˈsæŋktʃueri ］n. 避难所：a place of refuge and protection

wary ［ˈweri］adj. 小心的，机警的，谨慎的：marked by keen caution,

cunning, and watchfulness

decry ［dɪˈkraɪ］vt. 强烈反对，否定：to express strong disapproval of

tawdry ［ˈtɔːdri］adj. 俗丽的，花哨而庸俗的：cheap and gaudy in

appearance or quality; ignoble

leery ［ˈlɪri］adj. 怀疑的，不信任的：suspicious or distrustful; wary

drudgery ［ˈdrʌʤəri］n. 苦工；单调、卑贱或无趣的工作：tedious,

menial, or unpleasant work

skullduggery ［skʌlˈdʌgəri］n. 欺诈，诡计：the use of clever

underhanded actions to achieve an end

mockery ［ˈmɑːkəri］n. 鄙视，嘲弄：scornfully contemptuous ridicule

n. 以嘲笑为目的的模仿：a false, derisive, or impudent imitation

chicanery ［ʃɪˈkeɪnəri］n. 诡计多端，欺骗：deception by artful

subterfuge or sophistry

slippery ［ˈslɪpəri］adj. 光滑的：causing or tending to cause something to

slide or fall
adj. 意义不明确的：not precise or fixed in meaning, elusive or tricky

effrontery ［ɪˈfrʌntəri］n. 厚颜无耻，放肆大胆：flagrant disregard of

courtesy or propriety and an arrogant assumption of privilege

mastery ［ˈmæstəri］n. 技艺超群，精通：possession or display of great

skill or technique

pillory ［ˈpɪləri］vt. 当众嘲弄：to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or

scorn

provisory ［prəˈvaɪzəri］adj. 有附带条件的；临时的：depending on a

proviso; conditional; serving in a position for the time being

cursory ［ˈkɜːrsəri］adj. 匆忙的，不注意细节的：acting or done with

excessive or careless speed

accessory ［əkˈsesəri］adj. 辅助的，附属的：having a secondary,

supplementary, or subordinate function

illusory ［ɪˈluːsəri］adj. 幻觉的，虚幻的：produced by, based on, or

having the nature of an illusion

mandatory ［ˈmændətɔːri］adj. 强制的：forcing one's compliance or

participation

laudatory ［ˈlɔːdətɔːri］adj. 表示赞扬的：of, relating to, or expressing

praise

obligatory ［əˈblɪgətɔːri］adj. 强制性的：of the nature of an obligation;

compulsory

nugatory ［ˈnuːgətɔːri］adj. 无关紧要的：of little or no consequence;

inconsequential

dilatory ［ˈdɪlətɔːri］adj. 拖延的，磨蹭的：tending or intended to cause

delay, characterized by procrastination

minatory ［ˈmɪnətɔːri］adj. 带来威胁的，有凶兆的：being or showing a

sign of evil or calamity to come

migratory ［ˈmaɪgrətɔːri］adj. 迁移的：having a way of life that involves

moving from one region to another typically on a seasonal basis

conservatory ［kənˈsɜːrvətɔːri］n. 温室：a greenhouse for growing or

displaying plants

n. 艺术学院：a school specializing in one of the fine arts

refractory ［rɪˈfræktəri］adj. 倔强的，不顺从的：resisting control or

authority

perfunctory ［pərˈfʌŋktəri］adj. 敷衍的，呵呵的：characterized by

routine or superficiality and often done merely as a duty
transitory ［ˈtrænsətɔːri］adj. 短暂的：existing or lasting only a short
time; short-lived or temporary

desultory ［ˈdesəltɔːri］adj. 无计划的，无目的的：lacking a definite

plan, purpose, or pattern

inventory ［ˈɪnvəntɔːri］n. （包含要点的）简介：a short statement of

the main points

peremptory ［pəˈremptəri］adj. 不容反抗的：not allowing contradiction

or refusal; imperative

adj. 傲慢的：having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an

overbearing attitude

savory ［ˈseɪvəri］adj. 令人愉悦的：giving pleasure or content-ment to

the mind or senses

pry ［praɪ］vi. 刺探，打听：to look or inquire closely, curiously, or

impertinently

harry ［ˈhæri］vt. 不断烦扰，骚扰：to disturb or distress by or as if by

repeated attacks; harass

parry ［ˈpæri］vt. 躲避（问题）：to evade especially by an adroit answer

symmetry ［ˈsɪmətri］n. 对称：balanced proportions

paltry ［ˈpɔːltri］adj. 无价值的；微不足道的：lacking in importance or
worth

fury ［ˈfjʊri］n. 暴怒：intense, disordered, and often destructive rage

penury ［ˈpenjəri］n. 贫穷：extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency

n. 吝啬，节俭：extreme and often niggardly frugality

wry ［raɪ］adj. 坚持错误的：stubborn in adherence to wrong opinion or

principles

awry ［əˈraɪ］adj./adv. 出差错的（地）：off the correct or expected

course

idiosyncrasy ［ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi］n. 独特而奇怪的习惯：an odd or peculiar

habit

fantasy ［ˈfæntəsi］n. 幻想：imaginative fiction featuring especially

strange settings and grotesque characters

vt. 产生幻想：to form a mental picture of

ecstasy ［ˈekstəsi］n. 狂喜：intense joy or delight

apostasy ［əˈpɑːstəsi］n. 背叛：abandonment of a previous loyalty:

defection
heresy ［ˈherəsi］n. 异教，和普遍观点相悖的说法：a controversial or
unorthodox opinion or doctrine, departure from a generally accepted theory,
opinion, or practice

clumsy ［ˈklʌmzi］adj. 笨拙的：lacking or showing a lack of nimbleness

in using one's hands; a lack of skill and tact

rosy ［ˈroʊzi］adj. 乐观的：having qualities which inspire hope

brassy ［ˈbræsɪ］adj. 厚脸皮的，不知羞耻的：displaying or marked by

rude boldness

glossy ［ˈglɑːsi］adj. 平滑的，有光泽的：smooth, shiny, lustrous surface

fussy ［ˈfʌsi］adj. 谨慎的：taking, showing, or involving great care and

effort

adj. 挑剔的：hard to please

frowsy ［ˈfraʊzi］adj. 邋遢的：having a slovenly or uncared-for

appearance

nicety ［ˈnaɪsəti］n. 准确，精确：careful attention to details; delicate

exactness

notoriety ［ˌnoʊtəˈraɪəti］n. 坏名声：the quality or condition of being

notorious; ill fame
propriety ［prəˈpraɪəti］n. 适当，得体：the quality or state of being
especially suitable or fitting

rickety ［ˈrɪkəti］adj. 不稳的：lacking stability or firmness

shifty ［ˈʃɪfti］adj. （显得）狡诈的, （显得）欺诈的：having,

displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character

lofty ［ˈlɔːfti］adj. 崇高的：elevated in character and spirit, noble

adj. 自大的：having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an

overbearing attitude

probity ［ˈproʊbəti］n. 正直：faithfulness to high moral standards

paucity ［ˈpɔːsəti］n. 少量，缺乏：smallness of number; dearth

vitality ［vaɪˈtæləti］n. 活力，生命力：physical or mental vigor

especially when highly developed

sensuality ［ˌsenʃuˈæləti］n. 感官享乐：excessive pursuit of fleshly

pleasures

fidelity ［fɪˈdeləti］n. 忠诚：the quality or state of being faithful

liability ［ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti］n. 责任：the quality or state of being liable

agility ［əˈʤɪləti］n. （身手）敏捷：quickness, ease and grace in
physical activity

tranquility ［træŋˈkwɪləti］n. 宁静，淡定：a state of freedom from storm

or disturbance

civility ［səˈvɪləti］n. 彬彬有礼：courteous behavior; politeness

amity ［ˈæməti］n. 友好关系，亲善和睦：friendship; especially: friendly

relations between nations

calamity ［kəˈlæməti］n. 大灾难：a disastrous event marked by great loss

and lasting distress and suffering

enmity ［ˈenməti］n. 敌意：positive, active, and typically mutual hatred or

ill will

comity ［ˈkɑːmɪti］n. 友好，社会和谐：friendly social atmosphere:

social harmony

sanity ［ˈsænəti］n. 心智健全，神志正常：the normal or healthy

condition of the mental abilities

amenity ［əˈmenəti］n. （环境、设备等的）舒适，人性化：something

that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment

n. 融洽，和谐：the quality of being pleasant or agreeable

affinity ［əˈfɪnəti］n. 喜欢，倾向：a habitual attraction to some activity
or thing

n. 相似：the fact or state of having something in common

indemnity ［ɪnˈdemnəti］n. （损害、伤害等的）保险补

偿：compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered

solemnity ［səˈlemnəti］n. 庄严，严肃：the quality or condition of being

solemn
 List 31

impunity ［ɪmˈpjuːnəti］n. 免责，免受处罚：exemption or freedom from

punishment, harm, or loss

serendipity ［ˌserənˈdɪpəti］n. 意外发现珍奇（或称心）事物的本

领：the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident

peculiarity ［pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti］n. 特征，特点：a distinguishing

characteristic

clarity ［ˈklærəti］n. 清晰，清楚：the quality or state of being clear:

lucidity

parity ［ˈpærəti］n. 相称，同等，平等：the quality or state of being

equal or equivalent

alacrity ［əˈlækrəti］n. 反应迅速，乐意，欣然：promptness in

response: cheerful readiness

temerity ［təˈmerəti］n. 鲁莽，冒失：foolhardy disregard of danger;

recklessness

asperity ［æˈsperəti］n. （举止、性情）粗暴：roughness of manner or

of temper
n. （环境）艰苦：rigor, severity

integrity ［ɪnˈtegrəti］n. 正直：steadfast adherence to a strict moral or

ethical code, devotion to telling the truth

n. 完整性：the quality or condition of being whole or undivided

authority ［əˈθɔːrəti］n. （某领域的）权威人士：a person with a high

level of knowledge or skill in a field

n. 管辖权，控制：lawful control over the affairs of a political unit （as a

nation）

propensity ［prəˈpensəti］n. 倾向，癖好：an often intense natural

inclination or preference

adversity ［ədˈvɜːrsəti］n. 厄运，逆境：a state, condition, or instance of

serious or continued difficulty or adverse fortune

diversity ［daɪˈvɜːrsəti］n. 多样性：variety or multiformity

nonentity ［nɑːˈnentəti］n. 不重要的人：a person or thing of little

consequence or significance

perspicuity ［ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjʊːəti］n. 清晰明了：the quality of being

perspicuous; clearness and lucidity

equity ［ˈekwəti］n. 不偏不倚，公平：lack of favoritism toward one side

or another

iniquity ［ɪˈnɪkwəti］n. 邪恶，不公正：gross immorality or injustice

depravity ［dɪˈprævəti］n. 道德败坏：immoral conduct or practices

harmful or offensive to society

levity ［ˈlevəti］n. 轻浮：excessive or unseemly frivolity

brevity ［ˈbrevəti］n. 简短，简洁：shortness of duration

proclivity ［prəˈklɪvəti］n. 癖性，偏好：a natural propensity or

inclination; predisposition

royalty ［ˈrɔɪəlti］n. 皇家身份：regal character or bearing

n. 版税；专利权税：a payment to an author or composer for each copy of a

work sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent

jaunty ［ˈʤɔːnti］adj. 轻快的，活泼的：sprightly in manner or

appearance: lively

hasty ［ˈheɪsti］adj. 轻率的：fast and typically superficial; acting or done

with excessive or careless speed

tasty ［ˈteɪsti］adj. 美味的；令人愉悦的：giving pleasure or

contentment to the mind or senses
testy ［ˈtesti］adj. 易怒的，暴躁的：easily annoyed: irritable

travesty ［ˈtrævəsti］n./v. 拙劣的、嘲弄性模仿：an exaggerated or

grotesque imitation, such as a parody of a literary work

zesty ［zesti］adj. 刺激的，开胃的：appealingly piquant or lively

feisty ［ˈfaɪsti］adj. 好斗的，好争论的：having or showing a lively

aggressiveness

frosty ［ˈfrɔːsti］adj. 寒冷的：having a low or subnormal temperature

adj. 无强烈感情的，冷淡的：lacking in friendliness or warmth of feeling

fusty ［ˈfʌsti］adj. 过时的：rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary

adj. 腐臭的：saturated with dust and stale odors

natty ［ˈnæti］adj. 整洁的，时髦的：trimly neat and tidy

tatty ［ˈtæti］adj. 破旧的，褴褛的：somewhat worn, shabby, or

dilapidated

petty ［ˈpeti］adj. 细微的，不重要的：of small importance; trivial

knotty ［ˈnɑːti］adj. 复杂的，困难的：marked by or full of knots

especially: so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to defy
solution
obloquy ［ˈɑːbləkwi］n. 谩骂，诽谤：abusively detractive language or
utterance; calumny

n. 恶名，耻辱：the state of having lost the esteem of others

soliloquy ［səˈlɪləkwi］n. （尤指自言自语的）独白：a dramatic or

literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or
reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener

scurvy ［ˈskɜːrvi］adj. 下流的，让人鄙视的：mean; contemptible

topsy-turvy ［ˌtɑːpsiˈtɜːrvi］adj. 混乱的：lacking in order, neatness, and

often cleanliness

savvy ［ˈsævi］n. 老练，机智：knowledge gained by actually doing or

living through something

adj. 有见识的，精明能干的：having or showing a practical cleverness or

judgment

frenzy ［ˈfrenzi］n. 疯狂，狂怒：a violent mental or emotional agitation

 索引

abandon

abase

abash

abate

abbreviate

abdicate

aberrant

abet

abeyance

abhor

abiding

abject

abjure

abnegate

abominate
aboveboard

abrade

abreast

abridge

abrogate

abscond

absolute

absolve

abstain

abstemious

abstract

abstruse

absurd

abundant

abuse

abysmal

accede

accentuate
accessible

accessory

accidental

acclaim

acclimate

accolade

accommodate

accord

accrete

accumulate

accustom

acerbic

acme

acquainted

acquiesce

acquire

acquisitive

acrid
acrimonious

acumen

acute

ad hoc

adamant

adapt

addict

adhere

adjourn

adjudicate

adjunct

ad-lib

admonish

adore

adulate

adulterate

adumbrate

adventitious
adversary

adversity

advert

advocate

affable

affectation

affinity

affirm

affix

affliction

affluent

agape

aggrandize

aggravate

aggregate

aggressive

aggrieve

agility
agitate

agog

agonize

agreeable

airtight

alacrity

alibi

alienate

align

allay

allegiance

alleviate

alloy

allude

allure

ally

aloft

aloof
altruism

amalgamate

ambiguous

ambivalent

amble

ambrosial

ameliorate

amenable

amenity

amiable

amicable

amity

amorphous

anachronism

analogous

anarchist

anathema

ancillary
anecdote

anemic

anesthetic

animate

animus

annex

annotate

annoy

annul

anodyne

anomalous

anonymous

antagonize

antedate

antediluvian

anterior

anthropogenic

antic
antipathy

antiquated

antithetical

apathy

aphorism

apocalyptic

apocryphal

apoplectic

apostasy

apostle

appall

apparition

appeal

appealing

applause

applicable

apposite

appreciable
apprehension

apprehensive

apprise

approbation

appropriate

appurtenance

apropos

apt

arable

arbitrary

arcane

archaic

archetype

ardor

arduous

argument

arid

array
arrest

arresting

arrhythmic

arrogance

articulate

ascendant

ascetic

aseptic

askew

aspect

asperity

aspersion

aspirant

assail

assent

assert

assertive

assess
assiduous

assuage

astounding

astute

asunder

asylum

asymmetrical

atone

atrocious

atrophy

attenuate

attest

attune

audacious

augur

august

auspicious

austere
authentic

authority

autocracy

automatic

autonomy

avant-garde

avarice

aver

averse

avid

avowal

awash

awe

awkward

awry

axiomatic

babble

backfire
backhanded

backslide

badger

badinage

baffle

bait

balderdash

bale

baleful

balk

balky

balloon

balm

banal

bane

banish

banter

barb
barbarous

barefaced

bargain

baroque

barrage

barren

barricade

barter

bash

bathetic

bedeck

befuddle

beguile

beholden

behoove

beige

belabor

beleaguer
belie

belligerent

bellwether

beneficent

benign

berate

beseech

beset

besmirch

bewitching

bifurcate

bigot

blackmail

bland

blandishment

blasé

blast

blatant
blazon

blemish

blight

bliss

blithe

blueprint

bluff

blunder

blunt

blur

blurt

bluster

boggle

bogus

bohemian

boisterous

bolster

bombast
bonhomie

boo

boon

boorish

bootless

bore

bound

boycott

bracing

brake

brandish

brash

brassy

bravado

bravura

brazen

breach

brevity
bribe

bridle

brim

brisk

bristle

brittle

broach

bromide

brook

browbeat

bruit

buck

budge

bulge

bully

bumble

bumptious

bungle
buoy

buoyant

bureaucratic

burgeon

burlesque

burnish

bustle

buttress

byzantine

cache

cachet

cacophony

cagey

cajole

calamity

calcify

calculated

calibrate
calligraphy

callous

callow

calumniate

camaraderie

camouflage

canard

candor

canny

canon

canonize

cantankerous

canvass

capitulate

caprice

captious

captivate

cardinal
careen

carefree

careworn

caricature

carnal

carouse

carp

cascade

cast

castigate

cataclysmal

catalyze

catastrophe

categorical

caterwaul

catharsis

catholic

caustic
cavalier

caveat

cavil

cede

cellular

cement

censor

censure

ceremonious

certitude

cessation

chaff

chagrin

chameleon

champion

channel

chaperone

charisma
charlatan

chary

chase

chasm

chauvinistic

check

cherished

cherubic

chic

chicanery

chide

chimera

chivalrous

chokehold

choleric

chorale

chord

chromatic
chronic

churlish

cipher

circuitous

circumlocution

circumscribe

circumspect

circumvent

civility

clamor

clan

clandestine

clarion

clarity

clasp

cleave

clement

cliché
cling

cliquish

cloak

clog

clot

clout

clownish

cloying

clumsy

cluster

coagulate

coalesce

coarse

coax

coda

coerce

coeval

cogent
cognizant

cohesive

collapse

collude

colossal

coltish

coma

combustible

comity

commencement

commend

commensurate

commingle

commiserate

commitment

committed

commodious

commonplace
commonsensical

commotion

compatible

compelling

compendium

complacency

complacent

complaisance

complementary

compliant

complicate

compliment

compose

compound

comprehend

compress

compromise

compulsive
compunction

concatenate

conceal

concede

concentrate

concerted

conciliate

concoct

concomitant

concord

concrete

concur

condemn

condescending

condign

conditional

condole

condone
conducive

confine

conflagration

conflate

confluence

conform

confound

confront

congeal

congenial

congruent

conjecture

conjure

connive

connoisseur

conscientious

consensus

consent
consequence

conservative

conservatory

considerable

consign

consilience

console

consolidate

consonant

consort

conspicuous

conspire

consternation

constitute

constrain

constringe

construct

consummate
contagious

contaminate

contemplate

contempt

contend

content

contentious

contiguous

contingency

contort

contract

contradict

contravene

contrite

contrived

contumacious

conundrum

convalesce
convene

convention

converge

conversant

convert

conviction

convoke

convoluted

convulsion

coop

copious

coquette

cordial

cornucopia

coronation

corporeal

correlate

corroborate
corrosive

corrugated

cosmopolitan

cosset

countenance

counterfeit

countermand

counterpart

counterproductive

countervail

court

courteous

covert

covetous

cow

cowardice

cower

coy
cozen

cramped

crass

crave

craven

credence

credit

credulous

creep

crescendo

crest

crestfallen

cronyism

crook

croon

crow

crucial

crumple
crutch

crux

cryptic

culminate

culpable

cultivate

cumbersome

cunning

curmudgeon

cursory

curt

curtail

cynic

dabble

daft

dally

damn

dampen
damper

dandy

dank

dapper

dappled

daredevil

dart

dashing

dated

daunt

dawdle

dazzling

deadlock

deadpan

dearth

debacle

debark

debase
debilitate

debonair

debris

debunk

debut

decadence

decadent

decipher

decode

decorous

decrepit

decry

default

defer

deficiency

deflect

defray

deft
defuse

defy

dehydrate

deify

deign

deject

delegate

deleterious

deliberate

delicacy

delineate

delirium

deluge

delusion

delve

demagogue

demanding

demography
demolition

demonstrate

demoralize

demote

demotic

demur

denigrate

denounce

dent

denude

dependable

deplete

deplorable

deplore

deploy

deportation

depose

deposit
depravity

deprecate

depreciate

depressed

deprivation

deracinate

derelict

deride

derivative

descend

desecrate

desiccate

designate

despicable

despise

despotic

desultory

detach
detain

deter

deterioration

detest

detour

detract

detritus

devious

devoted

devout

dexterous

diabolic

diaphanous

diatribe

dichotomy

dictate

didactic

diehard
diffuse

dignified

digress

dilapidate

dilate

dilatory

dilettante

diligent

dilute

diminish

diminutive

dingy

diocesan

diplomatic

dire

disabuse

disaffected

disarm
disarray

disavow

discern

discharge

disciple

discombobulate

discomfit

discommode

discompose

disconcert

discord

discredit

discreet

discrepancy

discrete

discretion

discretionary

discriminate
discursive

disdain

disenchant

disengage

disgorge

disgruntle

dishearten

disinclination

disinfect

disingenuous

disinter

disinterested

disjointed

disjunctive

dismantle

dismay

disparage

disparate
dispassionate

dispatch

dispose

disprove

disquisition

disregard

dissect

dissemble

disseminate

dissension

dissent

dissipate

dissolute

dissolve

dissonance

dissuade

distain

distal
distend

distill

distinctive

distort

distract

distraught

diurnal

diverge

diversity

divert

divestiture

divination

divulge

doctrinaire

document

dodder

dodge

doff
dogged

dogmatic

doldrums

dolorous

dolt

domicile

dominant

domineer

don

donor

doodle

doom

dormant

dour

douse

dovish

downplay

doyen
doze

drab

draconian

dramatic

drawl

dread

dreary

drench

drivel

drollness

drone

drudgery

dubious

ductile

dulcet

dullard

dupe

duplicate
duplicitous

dwindle

dyspeptic

earnest

earsplitting

eavesdrop

ebullient

eccentric

éclat

eclectic

eclipse

ecstasy

ecumenical

edible

edifice

efface

effervesce

effete
efficacious

effluvium

effrontery

effulgent

effusive

egalitarian

egoistic

elaborate

elastic

elate

eleemosynary

elegy

elephantine

elevate

elicit

elliptical

elucidate

elude
emaciate

emancipate

embargo

embark

embarrass

embed

embezzle

embolden

emboss

embrace

embroider

embryonic

emigrate

eminent

emollient

empirical

emulate

enact
enamel

enamored

encomium

encompass

encumber

encyclopedic

endeavor

endemic

endorse

enervate

enfranchise

engender

engross

enigma

enlighten

enmity

ennoble

ennui
ensconce

ensue

entail

entangle

enthrall

entice

entrance

entrap

entreat

enunciate

ephemeral

epic

epicure

epigram

epilogue

episodic

epithet

epitomize
equable

equilibrium

equity

equivalent

equivocate

errant

erratic

erudite

escalate

eschew

escort

esoteric

espouse

esteem

estimable

estrange

etch

eternal
ethereal

ethics

ethos

eulogize

euphemism

euphonious

euphoria

evacuate

evanescent

everlasting

evict

evince

evoke

exacerbate

exacting

exalt

exasperate

excavate
exceptional

excoriate

excrete

excruciate

exculpate

excursive

execrate

exemplary

exempt

exhaust

exhilarate

exhort

exigent

exodus

exonerate

exorbitant

exorcise

exotic
expansive

expediency

expedite

expiate

expire

explicate

explicit

exploit

exponent

expostulate

expurgate

exquisite

extant

extemporize

extenuate

exterminate

extinct

extinguish
extol

extort

extract

extraneous

extrapolate

extravagant

extricate

exuberant

exude

exult

fable

fabricate

fabulous

facetious

facile

facilitate

faction

fad
fail-safe

fallacious

fallible

fallow

falsehood

falter

fanatic

fanciful

fantasy

farce

far-fetched

fascinate

fast

fastidious

fateful

fathom

fatigue

fatuous
faultfinder

favorable

favoritism

fawn

faze

featureless

feckless

fecund

feeble

feign

feisty

felony

feral

ferocious

fertilize

fervent

fervid

fester
fetid

fetter

fiasco

fickle

fictitious

fidelity

figment

figurative

filibuster

filter

finale

finesse

finicky

fitful

flabby

flaccid

flag

flamboyant
flatter

flaw

fledgling

fleet

fleeting

flexible

flinch

flippancy

flirt

flit

flock

florid

flounder

flourish

flout

fluent

fluky

flush
fluster

foible

foil

foment

foolproof

footloose

forage

forbearance

forebear

forebode

foreground

foreshadow

forestall

foreword

forfeit

forge

formidable

forsake
forte

forthright

fortify

foster

founder

fracas

fractious

fracture

fragile

frail

fraudulent

fraught

frenzys

fretful

friable

friction

frigid

fringe
frivolous

frosty

frothy

frowsy

frugal

full-bodied

fulminate

fumble

fungible

furor

furtive

fury

fussy

fusty

futile

gadfly

gaffe

gag
gainsay

gall

gallant

galvanize

gamble

gambol

garble

gargantuan

garish

garrulous

gauche

gaudy

gauge

gawky

gear

generic

genial

genteel
germane

germinate

gibe

giddy

gigantic

gild

gist

glacial

glamorous

glaze

gleam

glean

glib

glide

glisten

glitch

gloat

gloomy
gloss

glossy

glower

glut

glutinous

glutton

goad

gobble

goggle

goldbrick

gorge

gossamer

gourmet

graft

grandeur

grandiloquent

grandiose

grandstand
grate

gratify

gratuitous

green

gregarious

grieve

grimy

grin

gripe

grisly

grit

groggy

groove

grotesque

groundless

grovel

grudge

grueling
grumble

guardian

guile

gull

gush

gust

guzzle

hack

hackneyed

hagiographic

halcyon

hale

half-baked

halfhearted

hallmark

hallow

hallucination

ham-handed
hammer

hamper

hamstring

hangdog

hanker

haphazard

harangue

harass

harbinger

harbor

hard-bitten

hardy

harmonious

harness

harrow

harry

harsh

hasten
hasty

haunt

hauteur

haven

havoc

headlong

hearken

hearten

heartfelt

heartrending

heckle

hedge

hedonism

hegemony

heinous

herald

heresy

heretical
hermetic

heterodox

hew

hidebound

hideous

hie

hierarchical

hilarious

histrionic

hive

hoard

hoary

hoax

hobble

hodgepodge

homage

homely

homily
homogenize

hone

hoodwink

hortative

hubris

humble

humbug

humdrum

humiliate

humor

hurricane

husband

husk

husky

hybrid

hymn

hyperbole

hypnotic
hypocritical

iconoclast

idiosyncrasy

idle

idolatrize

idyll

ignite

ignominy

ill-bred

illiteracy

illuminate

illuminati

illusory

illustrious

imbibe

imbroglio

imitation

immaculate
immanent

immaterial

immature

immemorial

immune

immure

immutable

impassive

impeccable

impecunious

impede

impending

impenetrable

impenitent

imperative

imperial

imperious

imperishable
impertinent

imperturbable

impervious

impetuous

impious

implacable

implement

implicit

implode

importune

imposing

impostor

impotent

imprecise

impromptu

improvise

imprudent

impudent
impugn

impuissance

impunity

inadvertent

inalienable

inane

inanimate

inaugurate

incandescent

incantation

incarnate

incendiary

incense

incentive

inception

incessant

inch

inchoate
incinerate

incipient

incite

inclement

incogitant

incommensurate

inconclusive

incongruent

inconsequential

inconsistent

incontrovertible

incorrigible

incriminate

incubate

inculpate

incumbent

incursion

indecorous
indelible

indemnity

indict

indifferent

indigenous

indigent

indispensable

indoctrinate

indolent

induce

indulgent

indurate

industrious

ineffable

ineluctable

inept

inert

inevitable
inexorable

infamous

infatuate

infelicitous

infiltrate

infinite

infirm

inflame

influx

infraction

infuriate

infuse

ingenious

ingenuous

ingest

ingrained

ingratiating

inherent
inimical

inimitable

iniquity

initiate

inkling

innocuous

innovative

inquisitive

insensible

insentient

insipid

insolent

insouciant

instate

instigate

instill

institute

insubordinate
insular

insulate

insurgent

intangible

integral

integrity

intelligible

intemperate

intensify

inter

intercessor

interdict

interim

interlock

intermediary

interminable

intermittent

interregnum
interrogate

intimate

intimidate

intoxicant

intransigent

intrepid

intrigue

intrinsic

intuitive

inundate

inure

invective

inveigh

inveigle

inventory

inveterate

invidious

invigorate
invincible

invoke

irascible

irate

iridescent

irk

ironclad

irradicable

irrigate

irritate

issue

itinerant

jabber

jaded

jape

jargon

jarring

jaundice
jaunty

jejune

jeopardy

jest

jettison

jibe

jingoist

jitters

jocular

jocund

jog

jolt

jot

jovial

jubilant

judicious

juggernaut

justify
ken

kidnap

kilter

kindle

kindred

knack

knit

knotty

kudos

labile

laborious

labyrinthine

lacerate

lachrymose

lackluster

laconic

lag

lambaste
lament

lampoon

lance

languid

languish

languor

lank

lapse

largesse

lash

lassitude

latent

latitude

laudatory

lavish

lax

leaven

leer
leery

legacy

legion

lenient

lethal

lethargic

levelheaded

levity

liability

libelous

liberal

libertine

licentious

liken

limber

limp

limpid

linger
lionize

lissome

list

lithe

loath

loather

lofty

loll

lopsided

loquacious

loutish

lubricate

lucid

lucrative

ludicrous

lug

lugubrious

lull
lullaby

lumber

luminary

luminous

lurch

lurid

lurk

lush

lustrous

luxurious

lyric

macabre

macerate

machination

maculate

madcap

maelstrom

magnificent
magnitude

majestic

maladroit

malaise

malcontent

malevolent

malfeasance

malicious

malign

malignant

malinger

malleable

malodorous

manacle

mandatory

maneuver

mangle

mangy
mania

manifest

manipulate

mannered

manumit

manuscript

mar

marginal

martinet

marvel

mash

masquerade

mastery

matriculate

maudlin

maven

maverick

mawkish
meager

mean

meander

measly

measured

meddle

mediate

mediocre

meditate

medley

meek

meet

mellifluous

melodramatic

menace

mendacious

menial

mentor
mercenary

mercurial

meretricious

merited

mesh

mesmeric

metamorphose

metaphor

metaphysical

meteoric

methodical

meticulous

mettle

miff

migratory

milieu

milk

mime
mimic

minatory

mingle

minimize

ministration

mint

minuscule

minute

minutiae

mirage

mire

mirth

misanthropic

misapprehension

misbehaving

mischievous

misconstrue

miscreant
misdemeanour

miserly

misgiving

mishap

misrepresent

mite

mitigate

mockery

moderate

modicum

mollify

mollycoddle

molt

momentous

momentum

monarch

mongrel

monochromatic
monolithic

monologue

monopolize

monotonous

montage

moratorium

morbid

mordant

moribund

morose

mosaic

moth-eaten

motile

motivate

motley

mottle

mournful

muddy
muffle

mulish

multifarious

mumble

mundane

munificent

murky

murmur

mutate

mute

mutter

myopic

myriad

nadir

naïve

narcissistic

nascent

natty
nauseate

nautical

naysay

nebulous

needy

nefarious

negation

negligent

negotiate

neophyte

nerve

nettle

neutralize

nexus

nibble

nicety

nil

nip
nirvana

nitpick

nocturnal

noisome

nomad

nominal

nonchalant

nondescript

nonentity

nonplus

nostalgia

notch

notoriety

nourish

novel

novice

noxious

nuance
nudge

nugatory

nullification

numb

numinous

nurture

oaf

obdurate

obedient

obeisance

obfuscate

obligatory

obliging

oblique

obliterate

oblivious

obloquy

obscure
obsequious

observant

obsess

obsolete

obstinate

obstreperous

obstruct

obtrusive

obtuse

obviate

occult

odium

offbeat

offhand

officious

offish

off-key

ominous
omniscient

onerous

onset

opaque

opine

opportune

opprobrious

ordeal

orient

original

orthodox

oscillate

ossify

ostensible

ostentatious

ostracize

oust

outgrowth
outlandish

outmaneuver

outmoded

outrageous

outset

outwit

overbearing

overlap

override

overshadow

overt

overture

overweening

overwhelm

overwrought

oxymoron

pacify

padding
paean

painstaking

palatable

palatial

palaver

pall

palliate

pallid

palmy

palpable

palpitation

palter

paltry

pan

panacea

panache

pandemic

pandemonium
panegyric

panoramic

paradigm

paradise

paradox

paragon

paramount

paranoid

paraphrase

parch

parenthesis

pariah

parity

parochial

parody

paroxysm

parrot

parry
parsimonious

partial

particularize

partisan

partition

pastiche

patchwork

patent

pathological

patina

patrician

patriot

patronize

paucity

peck

peculiarity

pecuniary

pedagogical
pedagogue

pedant

peddle

pedestrian

peel

peep

peer

peeve

pejorative

pellucid

penance

penchant

penitent

pensive

penury

perambulate

perceptible

perceptive
peremptory

perfidy

perforate

perfunctory

perilous

perimeter

periodical

peripatetic

peripheral

perish

permanent

permeable

permeate

pernicious

perpetual

perquisite

persecute

persevere
persiflage

persistence

personable

perspicacious

perspicuity

pertain

pertinacious

pertinent

peruse

pervade

pessimistic

petition

petrify

petty

petulant

phenomenal

philanthropic

philistine
phlegmatic

piddling

piebald

pigment

pilfer

pillory

pilot

pine

pinnacle

pinpoint

pioneer

pious

piquant

pique

pirate

pitfall

pithy

pitiless
pittance

pivotal

placate

placebo

placid

plagiarize

plague

plaintive

plangent

plastic

plateau

platitude

plausible

playful

plebeian

plethora

pliable

pliant
plight

plodding

ploy

pluck

plumb

plummet

plump

plunge

plush

poach

poignant

pointer

polarize

polemic

polished

politic

polymath

pompous
ponderable

ponderous

pontificate

pore

porous

portentous

poseur

posit

postulate

posture

potable

potentate

potentiate

pout

practitioner

pragmatic

prate

preach
precarious

precedent

precipitate

precipitation

precipitous

preclude

precocious

precursor

predecessor

predestine

predilection

preeminent

preempt

preen

preface

pregnant

premeditate

premium
preoccupation

preponderant

prepossessing

preposterous

prerequisite

prerogative

presage

prescience

prescription

prestige

presumptuous

pretense

preternatural

prevalent

prevaricate

primitive

primordial

primp
principal

pristine

privation

probe

probity

proclaim

proclivity

procrastinate

procure

prod

prodigal

prodigious

profane

proffer

proficient

profligate

profusion

prognosis
prohibitive

project

proliferate

prolix

prologue

prolong

promulgate

proofread

propagate

propensity

prophetic

propitiate

propitious

proponent

proprietary

propriety

prosaic

proscribe
prosecution

proselytize

prospect

prosperous

prostrate

protean

protocol

prototype

protract

protrude

protuberant

provenance

provident

providential

province

provincial

provisional

provisory
provoke

prowess

prowl

prude

prudent

prudish

prune

pry

pseudonym

puckish

puerile

puissance

pulchritude

pulverize

punctilious

pundit

pungent

puny
purlieu

purloin

purport

purvey

pushover

pusillanimous

putative

quack

quaff

quail

qualify

qualm

quandary

quarantine

quash

quell

quench

querulous
quibble

quiescent

quirky

quixotic

quota

quotidian

rabble

rabid

racy

raffish

rage

ragged

rail

rakish

ramble

rambunctious

ramification

rampant
ramshackle

rancor

random

rankle

rant

rapacious

rapport

rapprochement

rapscallion

rapt

rarefy

rash

raspy

ratify

ratiocination

ration

rational

rationale
rave

ravel

ravenous

ravish

raze

reactionary

ream

reassure

rebuff

recalcitrant

recant

recapitulate

recessive

recidivate

reciprocate

reckless

recluse

recoil
reconcile

recondite

reconnoiter

reconstitute

rectitude

recumbent

recuperate

redeem

redolent

redoubtable

redundant

reel

referee

refine

reflect

refractory

refreshing

refulgent
refute

regenerate

regimen

regress

rehabilitate

rehash

rehearsal

reign

rein

reiterate

rejoice

relapse

relentless

relevant

relinquish

relish

reluctant

reminiscent
remiss

remnant

remonstrance

remorse

remunerate

renaissance

rend

renegade

renege

renounce

renovate

repartee

repatriate

repeal

repel

repentant

repertoire

repetitious
repine

replenish

replete

replicate

repose

reprehend

repress

reprieve

reproach

reprobate

reproof

reprove

repudiate

repugnant

repulse

repute

requisite

requite
rescind

resent

reserved

residual

residue

resign

resilience

resolute

resonant

resonate

resourceful

respite

resplendent

responsive

restitution

restive

restless

restorative
resurgence

resurrect

resuscitate

retainer

retaliate

retard

retentive

reticent

retort

retouch

retract

retrench

retribution

retrieve

retroactive

retrograde

retrospective

revel
revelation

revenge

reverberate

revere

revision

revive

revoke

revolt

rhetorical

ribald

rickety

ridicule

rife

rift

rigmarole

rile

riot

ripen
rite

rive

riveting

robust

roil

rookie

rosy

rote

rouse

row

royalty

rubicund

rudimentary

rue

ruffle

ruminate

rumple

runic
rupture

ruse

rustic

rustle

ruthless

sabotage

saccharine

sacrilege

sacrosanct

saddle

safeguard

sage

salient

salubrious

salutary

salutation

salvage

salve
sanctify

sanctimonious

sanction

sanctuary

sanguine

sanitary

sanity

sap

sapient

sarcasm

sartorial

sate

satiate

satirize

saturate

saturnine

saunter

savant
savory

savvy

scads

scandalous

scant

scathing

schism

scintillate

scission

scoff

scorch

scorn

scotch

scour

scourge

scowl

scrap

scrappy
scrawl

screen

scribble

scrimp

scruple

scrupulous

scrutable

scrutinize

scuff

scurrilous

scurvy

seamy

secede

secluded

secrete

sectarian

sectarianism

secular
sedate

sedentary

seditious

seduce

sedulous

seemly

segment

self-abasement

self-absorbed

self-defeating

self-perpetuating

seminal

sensation

sensuality

septic

sepulchral

sequel

sequela
sequester

sere

serendipity

serene

sermon

serpentine

serried

servile

shackle

shadow

sham

shiftless

shifty

shipshape

shirk

shoal

shopworn

showcase
showmanship

shred

shrewd

shrink

shroud

shrug

shun

sidestep

sift

signal

simile

simpleton

simulate

sinecure

sinew

singe

sinuous

skimp
skirt

skittish

skullduggery

slack

slake

slant

slapdash

slate

sleek

slew

slight

sling

slippery

slipshod

sloppy

sloth

slouch

slovenly
sluggard

sluggish

slumber

slump

slur

sly

smarmy

smattering

smirk

smother

smug

smuggling

snag

snare

snarl

sneer

snobbish

snub
soak

sober

sodden

soft-pedal

solace

solder

solemnity

solicitous

solid

soliloquy

solitude

solvent

somatic

somber

somnolence

sonorous

soothe

soothsayer
sop

sophism

sophisticated

soporific

sordid

sound

sparing

sparse

spartan

spat

spate

specious

speck

spectator

spectrum

speculate

spendthrift

spent
spike

spiny

spleen

splice

splutter

spontaneous

spoof

sporadic

sprawl

sprightly

spur

spurious

spurn

squalid

squall

squander

squat

squeamish
squelch

stagnant

stale

stalwart

stamina

stammer

startle

static

stature

staunch

steadfast

stealth

steep

stench

stentorian

stereotype

sterile

sterling
stickler

stiff

stifle

stigma

stigmatize

stingy

stint

stipulate

stitch

stock

stodgy

stoic

stoke

stolid

stomach

stonewall

stouthearted

strand
stratagem

stratify

stray

strenuous

striate

stricture

strident

strike

stringent

strip

strut

stultify

stunt

stupor

sturdy

stygian

stymie

subdue
subject

subjugate

sublime

subliminal

submerge

submissive

subordinate

subservient

subside

subsidiary

subsidy

substantial

substantiate

substantive

substitute

subterfuge

subtle

subvert
succinct

succor

succumb

suffocate

suffuse

sulk

sullen

summit

summon

sumptuous

sunder

supercilious

superficial

superfluous

supersede

supine

supplant

supple
supplement

supplicate

supposition

suppress

surcharge

surfeit

surly

surmise

surmount

surpass

surrender

surreptitious

surrogate

surveillance

susceptible

suspend

suture

svelte
swagger

swear

sweltering

swerve

swindle

sybarite

sycophant

syllabus

syllogism

symbiosis

symmetry

synchronous

synergic

synonymous

synopsis

synthesis

tacit

taciturn
tackle

tact

tactile

tactless

taint

tame

tamper

tangent

tangible

tangle

tangy

tantalize

tantamount

tantrum

taper

tardy

tarnish

tasty
tatty

taunt

taut

tawdry

taxing

tedious

teeming

teeter

teetotalism

telling

temerity

temperate

tempestuous

temporal

temporize

tenable

tenacious

tendentious
tender

tentative

tenuous

tepid

terminology

terminus

terse

testimony

testy

tether

theatrical

therapeutic

thick-skinned

thorny

threadbare

thrill

throng

thwart
ticklish

tiff

tightfisted

tilt

timely

timeworn

timid

timorous

tinge

tinker

tirade

toady

tonic

topsy-turvy

torpid

torpor

torrential

torrid
tortuous

tout

toy

tractable

tranquility

transcend

transfigure

transgress

transient

transitory

translucent

transparent

traumatic

travail

traverse

travesty

treacherous

tremendous
trenchant

trepidation

trespass

tribute

trickle

trifling

trite

trivial

trope

truant

truce

truculent

trudge

truism

trumpet

truncate

tumult

turbid
turbulent

turgid

turmoil

turncoat

turpitude

tycoon

typo

tyrant

tyro

ubiquitous

umbrage

unanimous

unassailable

unavailing

uncanny

uncouth

unctuous

undergird
underscore

understate

undue

unexceptionable

unflagging

unflappable

ungainly

unimpeachable

univocal

unkempt

unlettered

unpretentious

unremitting

unruly

unsung

untenable

untold

untoward
unwitting

unwonted

upbeat

upbraid

uphold

urbane

usher

usurp

vaccinate

vacillate

vacuous

vagary

vague

valediction

valiant

valorize

vanquish

vapid
vaporize

variance

variegated

varnish

vaunt

veer

vehement

venal

vendor

veneer

venerate

venial

venom

venue

veracious

verbatim

verbose

verdant
verify

verisimilar

vernacular

versatile

verse

versed

vertigo

verve

vestige

veteran

veto

vex

viable

vicarious

vicious

vicissitude

victimize

vigilant
vignette

vigorous

vile

vilify

vim

vindicate

vindictive

virtuoso

virtuous

virulent

viscid

viscous

visionary

vitality

vitiate

vitriolic

vituperate

vivacious
vocation

vociferous

volatile

volition

voluble

voluminous

voluptuous

voracious

votary

vouch

vouchsafe

vulgar

vulnerable

waddle

waffle

waft

wag

wan
wane

wanting

warble

warmonger

warp

warrant

wary

wastrel

watershed

wax

waylay

wayward

weather

welter

wheedle

whet

whimsical

wholesome
wicked

willful

willy-nilly

wilt

wily

wince

windbag

windfall

windy

winnow

winsome

wiretap

wistful

wit

withdraw

wither

withhold

wizen
wobble

worldly

wrangle

wrest

wretched

wrongheaded

wry

xenophobe

yoke

yokel

zeal

zealot

zenith

zesty